广东南岭国家级自然保护区鱼类多样性及保护

南岭国家级自然保护区鱼类有36种,隶属于4目10科28属,其中以鲤科鱼类最多,占52.78%。有热带平原复合体、江河平原复合体、上第三纪复合体、中印山区复合体构成。植物食性占22.22%,动物食性占13.89%,杂食性占33.33%,碎屑食性占30.56%。有8.34%的种处于濒危状态。     

赣东北地区鱼类区系的研究

赣东北地区共有鱼类１３５种和亚种,隶属于１０目２２科８０属。其中纯淡水鱼类１２８和亚种,占总数的９４．８％。鲤形目是最主要鱼类群,有９５种和亚种,占纯淡水鱼类的７４．２％。鲤科鱼类最丰富,有８０种和亚种,占纯淡水鱼类的６２．５％。此地区鱼类区系以东亚特有的江河平原鱼类为主要组成成分;此外,既有老第三纪原始类群的后裔种类,又有南亚暖水性类群鱼类,而且全北区冷水性类群鱼类也分布于此。与邻近水系比较,此     

贵州蒙江鱼类区系组成及特征分析

基于2014~2015年对贵州蒙江流域的野外调查,合并过去的零星采集,共计收集蒙江鱼类标本5 206号,经鉴定为65种(或亚种)。结合历史文献,蒙江共分布有鱼类75种(或亚种),隶属7目18科56属。其中,鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)为洄游鱼类,食蚊鳉(Gambusia affinis)、陈氏新银鱼(Neosalanx tangkahkeii)、尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)为外来种。与历史调查记录相比,本调查新增蒙江鱼类记录41种(或亚种)。蒙江鱼类组成,以鲤形目鱼类占显著优势,共计有51种(或亚种),占总种(或亚种)数的68.0%。在科的水平,以鲤科为主要类群,占总种(或亚种)数的60.0%。其次,鲇科和鲿科物种较多,分别有3和4种鱼类。UPGMA聚类分析表明,蒙江鱼类组成,与西江上游支流北盘江具有高度相似性。蒙江鱼类区系中,以华南区指示性种类最多,其次为华东区代表性种类较多,缺乏北方区指示性成分。蒙江鲤科鱼类由老第三纪原始类群、东亚类群、南方类群和青藏高原类群等4个类群组成,并以老第三纪原始类群占优势,缺乏北方冷水性类群种类。蒙江鱼类区系具有物种多样性高、区系成分复杂、特有种和受威胁种类多、富于适应急流环境鱼类和具有云贵高原东部地区鱼类区系特殊组成等特点。蒙江鱼类区系属于东洋区南亚亚区。     

松嫩湖群鱼类群落相似性

根据2008年5月至2011年1月对松嫩湖群20个主要渔业湖泊的鱼类资源调查,分析了该湖群鱼类区系特征和群落相似性状况。松嫩湖群的鱼类区系由4目9科34属46种和亚种构成,其中土著鱼类3目8科27属39种和亚种,包括中国特有种3种,中国易危种1种,冷水种5种;由5个区系复合体构成,以东部江河平原区系复合体为主体;鲤形目31种,鲤科26种,分别占优势;鱼类区系具有南北方物种相互渗透、古北界与东洋界交汇过渡的混色类群特征。目前松嫩湖群鱼类群落种类组成的相似度总体较低,群落数量结构的相似度总体较高,鱼类群落相似性面临的主要问题是自然与人为因素导致湖泊生态环境的变化和放养、移殖与过度捕捞导致鱼类资源的减少与小型化,二者的叠加效应使鱼类群落长期处于受损状态,群落结构及其相似性处在动态变化中,群落内种间关系的协调性、种群结构的合理性和群落结构的稳定性均在下降。针对这些情况和群落相似性现状,提出未来松嫩湖群湖泊渔业的发展方向是优化调整群落结构,发展多种群湖泊渔业,合理利用土著鱼类资源。     

安宁河鱼类区系及资源保护的研究

本文报道安宁河鱼类82种,隶于5目14科65属。其区系特点:1.以鲤科鱼类的东亚类群为主体:2.区系类元较多;3.中、下游具有江河平原鱼类区系特点,上游为青藏高原鱼类区系.分析了该水系在动物地理学上的意义,还对资源增殖和保护作了探讨。     

云南省西双版纳州南拉河鱼类组成及其现状

分别于2008年1月和5—6月对位于中国西南边陲的中缅界河——南拉河进行了鱼类资源调查。从野外调查结果及文献资料得知,南拉河共有鱼类42种,隶属4目14科34属。鲤形目的鱼类最多,共有27种,占总种数的64.3%;鲇形目和鲈形目均为6种,占总种数的14.3%;合鳃鱼目2种,占总种数的4.8%。其中,丝尾鳠（Hemibagrus wyckioides）被列入《中国物种红色名录》。疑似分布种类——长丝鱼芒(Pangasius sanitwangsei)被列入《中国濒危动物红皮书》和《中国物种红色名录》。南拉河鱼类区系是以喜温的“老第三纪类群”中的热带河平原鱼类为主要成分的,为典型的东南亚热带鱼类区系类型;以底栖鱼类和杂食性鱼类居多。导致南拉河鱼类现状的原因主要为水质污染、过度捕捞、外来种的影响。     

罗霄山脉地区鱼类物种多样性

罗霄山脉是赣江和修水流域与湘江流域的分水岭, 是中国生物多样性保护的关键地区之一。然而, 罗霄山脉地区的鱼类缺乏系统性的研究, 其鱼类物种组成、分布以及受威胁因素尚不清楚。为此, 我们于2014-2018年对罗霄山脉地区11条河流的鱼类进行了系统的调查。结果表明, 该地区共有鱼类5目17科64属113种, 山脉东坡鱼类108种, 高于西坡的72种。从生态类型看, 罗霄山脉鱼类以肉食性、底栖性、定居性类群为主。区系组成上以东亚江河平原类群为主。从物种多样性看, 遂川江、袁水、蜀水和修河的鱼类物种多样性较高, 锦江和富水的鱼类物种多样性较低; β多样性指数揭示遂川江与锦江、禾水、富水间鱼类物种出现一定的分化现象。     

华东武夷山–仙霞岭地区淡水鱼类区系特征及其动物地理区划

武夷山脉–仙霞岭是长江鄱阳湖水系与我国东部独流入海的钱塘江、瓯江、闽江和韩江等水系的分水岭,是中国陆地生物多样性保护的关键地区之一。本文对武夷山–仙霞岭地区5个水系的111个上游江段鱼类进行了采集,获得标本13,000余号,并结合文献资料对该地区的鱼类区系作了分析。结果显示,该地区共分布有鱼类282种,其中纯淡水土著鱼类239种,隶属于6目23科101属。鲤形目、鲈形目、鲇形目各有181种、29种和22种,分别占纯淡水鱼类的75.73%、12.13%和9.21%,是本地区鱼类组成的主体。东亚特有的江河平原鱼类和南亚暖水性鱼类各有109种和51种,分别占纯淡水鱼类的45.61%和21.34%。5个水系之间鱼类的共有种较多,平均相似度均在50%以上。但东部4条独流入海河流,自北往南江河平原鱼类所占比例逐渐下降,而南亚暖水性鱼类则逐渐增加。鱼类区系的聚类分析显示,鄱阳湖、钱塘江、瓯江和闽江聚为一类,韩江单独构成另一类。分析表明,武夷山脉–仙霞岭并没有对淡水鱼类形成很强的阻隔作用,整个区域都是东洋区的组成部分。但鉴于已经出现的一些南北差异,本文认为可以将东南部的韩江水系划归南东亚亚区的华南小区,鄱阳湖水系与钱塘江、瓯江和闽江水系划归华东小区。     

海南鹦哥岭地区的鱼类物种多样性与分布特点

作者分别于2001年和2005年对海南中部鹦哥岭的鱼类进行了实地调查,记录到62种鱼类,其中23种为鹦哥岭地区新记录种.结合文献资料,该地区共记载有淡水鱼类7目20科59属75种(含亚种),占海南岛已知淡水鱼类的70.8%:海南特有种16个,占海南特有淡水鱼类的80.0%.鱼类群落中以山区溪流性小型鱼类为主.鹦哥岭南北两坡(南坡昌化江流域,北坡南渡江流域)共有的鱼类共36属42种,占鹦哥岭纯淡水鱼类总种数的60.0%.但两坡的鱼类组成存在一定差异:昌化江流域以山区溪流性鱼类为主,南渡江流域则较多平原江河性物种.利用多样性指数,得出鹦哥岭鱼类物种多样性最高的是南渡江流域的南开河和昌化江流域万冲河段的支流.鱼类的垂直分布集中在海拔200-600 m的中低海拔水体,海拔600 m以上鱼类稀少,而在900 m以上没有发现鱼类.有关部门近年已在鹦哥岭建立自然保护区,为有效保护珍贵的鱼类资源,按照当地鱼类水平和垂直分布特点划定鱼类重点保护河段是十分必要的.     

西藏的鱼类资源

独特、复杂的地形地貌使西藏形成了别具一格的动植物区系。西藏的鱼类也以其独具的特征世世代代在这奇特而又年青的高原生栖繁衍。1西藏鱼类区系组成及其特点对西藏地区鱼类实地调查,现知西藏地区有鱼类58个种和13个亚种,分隶于3目5科和4亚科,22个属,约占我国整个青藏高原鱼类92个种和20个亚种的63％以上。西藏地区鱼类区系基本由3大类群组成：鲤形目（Cypriniformes）鲤科（Cyprinidae）的裂腹鱼亚科（Schizothoracinae）、鳅科（Coitidae）的条鳅亚科（Nemacheilinae）和鲶形目（Siluri－formes）的科（Sisoridae）,其中裂腹鱼亚…     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.