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1.
采用样带法调查了川西亚高山原始岷江冷杉林林窗和林冠下岷江冷杉幼苗(H≤100 cm)的密度、高度、基径和各构件生物量,分析了各构件生物量间的相关性.结果表明:林窗与林冠下幼苗密度分别为12 903和2 017株·hm-2;平均高度分别是26.6和24.3 cm,差异显著;平均基径分别为4.97和5.13 mm,差异不显著.林窗内各龄级幼苗的生物量与林冠下同龄级幼苗的生物量之间差异不显著.林窗对不同龄级幼苗各构件生物量积累的影响不同,林窗内幼苗枝干生物量比在12年达到最大(1.54),随后其比值维持在0.69左右;林冠下幼苗在15年后(含15年),枝条生物量大于主干生物量.生长在林窗和林冠环境的幼苗单株总生物量、叶生物量、茎生物量、地上生物量和根生物量与幼苗基径的平方(D2)和苗高(H)的乘积有显著的线性关系.林窗与林冠下幼苗各构件生物量之间有显著的正相关关系.  相似文献   

2.
林窗对热带雨林冠层树种绒毛番龙眼幼苗生长的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在林窗中央、林窗边缘和林冠下3种不同光照梯度的森林生境中,研究了西双版纳季节雨林冠层树种绒毛番龙眼幼苗的早期 (种子萌发后10周内) 生长和定居后 (实生苗生长3个月以上) 的生长特点.结果表明: 绒毛番龙眼幼苗在早期生长阶段,林窗中央的株高、基径、总干质量、单株叶面积和相对生长率最大,分别为24.45 cm、3.17 mm、0.79 g、122.45 cm2和14.78×10-3 g·d-1.林冠下根冠比 (0.87) 高于林窗中央 (0.20) ,可能是光照和水分共同作用的结果.林窗中央较强的光照有利于定居后幼苗的生长,株高、基径、总干质量、单株叶面积、相对生长率和净同化率均在林窗中央最大,实验结束时分别达到31.48 cm、3.80 mm、2.22 g、174.52 cm2、2.29×10-3 g·d-1和2.54×10-5 g·cm-2·d-1.幼苗死亡可能与水分胁迫密切相关,由水分胁迫引起的幼苗死亡率在林冠下最高 (26.88%),但林冠下由脊椎动物捕食引起的幼苗死亡率较低(2.93%),从而使林冠下幼苗的最终存活率最高 (70.19%).光照是影响绒毛番龙眼幼苗形态学调节的重要因素, 林窗中央不同生长阶段幼苗的比叶面积最低,但相对生长率和净同化率最大.水分胁迫和光照在幼苗定居后仍是影响幼苗生物量分配的重要因素, 林窗边缘幼苗的根冠比最高 (0.33).  相似文献   

3.
亚热带4种森林凋落物量及其动态特征   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
徐旺明  闫文德  李洁冰  赵晶  王光军 《生态学报》2013,33(23):7570-7575
通过对枫香林、樟树林、马尾松林、樟树—马尾松混交林4种森林生态系统的凋落物数量及组成进行为期1a的定位研究。结果表明,樟树—马尾松混交林的年凋落总量(4.30 t.hm-2)>枫香林(3.66 t.hm-2)>马尾松林(3.41 t.hm-2)>樟树林(3.26 t.hm-2)。各组分凋落物中,凋落叶占绝对优势(70%以上),表现为樟树—马尾松混交林(3.09 t.hm-2)>枫香林(2.78 t.hm-2)>马尾松林(2.46 t.hm-2)>樟树林(2.32 t.hm-2);凋落枝表现为樟树—马尾松混交林(0.73 t.hm-2)>樟树林(0.53 t.hm-2)>马尾松林(0.30 t.hm-2)>枫香林(0.22 t.hm-2);凋落果表现为马尾松林(0.37 t.hm-2)>樟树—马尾松混交林(0.17 t.hm-2)>枫香林(0.12 t.hm-2)>樟树林(0.09 t.hm-2);碎屑表现为枫香林(0.55 t.hm-2)>樟树林(0.33 t.hm-2)>樟树—马尾松混交林(0.31 t.hm-2)>马尾松林(0.27 t.hm-2)。枫香和樟树林年凋落量的最大值分别在10月(1.22 t.hm-2)和8月(0.58 t.hm-2),而马尾松林和混交林年凋落量的最大值都在11月(分别为0.77 t.hm-2和1.23 t.hm-2)。  相似文献   

4.
四川盆地四种柏木林分类型的水文效应   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
四川盆地丘陵区是长江上游水土流失最严重地区之一,该区大面积柏木纯林林分结构不合理、天然更新不良、林分稳定性差、产品产量和水土保持功能低,急需进行结构调整。通过群落样地调查和坡面径流场观测,对比分析了四川盆地4种柏木林分类型的水文效应。结果表明:(1) 4种林分类型林冠截留量与降水量呈幂函数关系; 林冠截留率随雨量级的增大而减小,对次降雨的最大截留量为栎柏混交林 (9.5 mm) > 桤柏混交林 (9.2 mm) > 松柏混交林 (8.8 mm) > 柏木纯林 (8.5 mm)。(2) 4种林分类型之间未分解层和半分解层枯落物持水量随浸泡时间的变化存在极显著差异;枯落物总存储量变化范围为4.06-7.62 t/hm2,枯落物总持水量排序为栎柏混交林 (17.07 t/hm2) > 桤柏混交林 (13.26 t/hm2)> 松柏混交林 (8.89 t/hm2) > 柏木纯林 (7.57 t/hm2)。(3) 4种林分0-40 cm土层非毛管孔隙度变化范围为 4.21%-6.94%,土壤最大持水量排序为栎柏混交林(1820.83±124.80) t/hm2 > 松柏混交林(1686.85±76.15) t/hm2 > 桤柏混交林(1644.45±119.84) t/hm2 > 柏木纯林(1574.14±119.89) t/hm2;4种林分类型雨季产沙量变化范围在534.2-1467.9 kg/hm2之间。综合分析表明,栎柏混交林是4种柏木林分类型中水土保持效果最优的;因此,该区柏木纯林的结构调整应以促进栎柏混交林的演替为目标。  相似文献   

5.
 对川西亚高山原始岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)林林窗内和林冠下小气候及岷江冷杉幼苗生长和生物量进行了 两个生长季的连续观测。结果表明:6月林窗内与林冠下太阳辐射的日积累量没有显著性差异,而7~8月的日积 累量则有显著性差异。整个生长季节,林窗内太阳辐射的平均积累量为8.10×MJ•m-2,而林冠下太阳辐射的平 均积累量为5.02×MJ•m-2,两个位点太阳辐射积累量的显著差异主要来自7~8月日积累量的不同;林窗内5和15 cm层土壤的日平均温度比林冠下相应深度分别高2.1和2.7℃,差异显著。林窗内和林冠下3~8年岷江冷杉幼苗高 增长率分别为1.2±0.3 cm•a-1和1.1±0.3 cm•a-1,差异不显著;9~20年岷江冷杉幼苗高增长率分别为6.2± 2.4 cm•a-1和3.0±0.9 cm•a-1,差异显著。林窗内岷江冷杉幼苗根、主茎和总生物量与林冠下幼苗根、主茎 和总生物量没有显著差异。不同年龄的岷江冷杉幼苗叶和侧枝生物量积累对林窗微环境的响应不同。  相似文献   

6.
探讨格氏栲( Castanopsis kawakamii)天然林林窗数量特征及其空间分布对预测森林种群动态变化及演替具有重要意义。该文采用无人机航拍获取格氏栲天然林正射影像图并结合野外调查,通过提取林窗特征参数和计算植被覆盖率来探讨林窗空间分布及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)保护区内格氏栲天然林植被覆盖率为75.53%,部分地区出现一定面积裸露土地。(2)研究区林窗空隙率为2.40%,密度为6.50 ind.·hm-2,平均林窗面积为36.86 m2。(3)研究区林窗数量随林窗面积增加呈负指数分布,以微、小和中型林窗为主,面积100 m2以上的林窗数量较少。(4)低海拔林冠层覆盖度好,中海拔地区林窗个体数和平均林窗面积较大,高海拔地区林窗密度和空隙率相对较大。林窗主要分布在缓坡和斜坡上,其平均面积、密度和林窗空隙率也明显较高。西和南方位林窗数量较多,北、西北和东南方向林窗密度和空隙率相对较大。格氏栲天然林植被覆盖率较高,以微、小和中型林窗为主,地形因子通过改变林窗面积、林窗密度和林窗空隙率特征驱动了格氏栲天然林林窗数量与空间分布格局。  相似文献   

7.
对密云水库北京集水区板栗林主要养分元素循环进行了研究。结果表明,22年生板栗林的生物量为38638kg·hm-2;板栗林5种主要养分元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg贮存量为315.38kg·hm-2,各器官中5种元素贮存量大小排序是干>枝>根>叶>花>果苞>果。板栗林生态系统乔木层每年从土壤中吸收的5种养分元素量为79.17kg·hm-2,吸收量占0~30cm土层5种养分元素总量的0.15%,占0~30cm土层中5种元素有效养分量的1.95%。年吸收量中存留量为11.25kg·hm-2,枯落物归还量为58.08kg·hm-2。雨水及雨水淋溶输入到板栗林生态系统的养分元素量为38.63kg·hm-2,果实输出量为9.84kg·hm-2。雨水和雨水淋溶量与枯落物归还量之和大于吸收量,表明研究期间板栗林生态系统养分元素的收入略大于支出,5种元素的吸收系数排序为N>P>K>Ca>Mg,利用系数排序为K>N>Mg>P>Ca。循环系数排序为K>N>P>Mg>Ca。周转期排序是Ca>P>Mg>N>K。  相似文献   

8.
模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区慈竹林凋落物分解的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
试验设对照(CK,0 kg·hm-2·a-1)、低氮(LN,50 kg·hm-2·a-1)、中氮(MN,150 kg·hm-2·a-1)和高氮(HN,300 kg·hm-2·a-1)4个施氮水平,通过原位试验,研究了模拟N沉降对华西雨屏区慈竹(Neosinocalamus affinis)林凋落物分解的影响.结果表明:不同组分凋落物分解过程中,慈竹叶片分解速率最快,其次是箨,枝最慢,分解15个月时,叶片、箨、枝的质量残留率分别为26.38%、46.18%和54.54%,三者差异极显著(P<0.01);叶片在凋落后第1~2月和7~10月分解较快,而箨和枝则在第5~8月分解较快;凋落叶片分解95%需要的时间(2.573年)分别比箨和枝短1.686年和3.319年.凋落叶分解15个月时,各N沉降处理间分解率差异不显著;凋落箨分解95%需要2.679~4.259年,其中MN分解率最高,CK最低;凋落枝经过15个月的分解,各处理分解率大小顺序为MN>HN>LN>CK,MN与LN处理间差异达显著水平(P<0.05).说明N沉降对3种凋落物分解均有明显的促进作用,且对凋落箨促进作用最强;但随着N沉降浓度的增加和时间的延长,其促进作用减缓.  相似文献   

9.
马尾松人工林林分密度对林下植被及土壤性质的影响   总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27  
采用样方调查及取样分析方法,研究广西大青山南亚热带不同密度马尾松人工林林下植被及土壤特征.结果表明:马尾松人工林自然发育14 a后,林分密度从1050 株·hm-2增加到1800株·hm-2,林下灌木层物种多样性指数增高.密度为1800 株·hm-2时,多样性指数最高.当林分密度继续增大到2250 株·hm-2,灌木层物种多样性指数却呈降低趋势.林下草本物种多样性指数对林分密度变化的响应不敏感;在林分密度影响下,林下灌木生物量与灌木层物种多样性指数变化规律一致.随着林分密度的增大,林下草本生物量呈降低趋势;不同密度马尾松人工林土壤理化特性差异显著(P<0.05).除全K、速效K和速效P外,土壤表层(0~20 cm)养分含量与林下灌木层物种多样性指数变化趋势一致.不同密度林地速效K和速效P含量变化波动较大.密度为2100 株·hm-2的林分土壤
全P含量较高.中密度(1800 株·hm-2)林地的土壤持水量和孔隙度均较高,土壤容重较低.  相似文献   

10.
森林生态系统作为陆地最大氮素储存库,在维系氮素生物地球化学循环方面发挥了重要作用。以我国人工林主产地广西马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolate)、桉树(Eucalyptus robusta)3种主要人工林为研究对象,探讨了3种林型不同龄组、不同层次的氮储量组成与分配格局,结果表明:(1)随着林龄的变化,不同林龄马尾松、杉木、桉树林氮储量大小范围在6.64-15.15、8.44-14.90、3.22-11.29 Mg/hm2之间,其中马尾松、杉木、桉树分别在幼龄林、过熟林、成熟林达到最大,除幼龄阶段马尾松氮储量最高外,其他各林龄阶段均为杉木林最大。(2)各个林龄总体来看,3种人工林生态系统氮储量生态格局基本一致,绝大部分氮储存于土壤中(0-100 cm),乔木层氮储量仅次于土壤层,灌木层氮储量最小。0-100cm土层范围内,按10 cm每层进行划分,三种人工林各个林龄均是0-10 cm表层土壤氮储量最高。马尾松、杉木除幼龄林外土壤层氮储量均随着林龄增大而逐渐升高,在过熟林分别达到了10.71和16.63 Mg/hm2,桉树则幼龄林到成熟林逐渐升高,成熟林氮储量为11.26 Mg/hm2,过熟林则下降。同一林分各层次不同器官氮储量存在着差异,3种人工林乔木层中树干氮储量均占比最高,树干是乔木层的主要氮库;灌木层中叶片中含有更多的氮储量;草本层地上部分>地下部分,地上部分是氮储存的主要场所;细根氮储量0-20 cm>20-40 cm。不同造林树种生态系统氮固持能力有所差异,总体上,人工造林后期生态系统固氮能力逐渐增强,而速生桉树人工林收获期生态系统固氮有所下降。  相似文献   

11.
 先锋种和非先锋种可能对林窗产生不同的反应。在广东南澳岛4个不同的森林群落样地里移植了大叶相思(Acacia auriculaeformis A. Cunn.)、尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake)和荷木(Schima superba Gardn. et Champ)3种树苗,其中大叶相思和尾叶桉是先锋种,而荷木是非先锋种,测定了林窗和非林窗生境中的透光率和幼苗生长高度。结果表明,林窗的透光率大于非林窗的;各群落的透光率有季节性的变化,变化幅度各不同。3种幼苗在林窗内比  相似文献   

12.
以福建省顺昌县的闽粤栲〔Castanopsis fissa(Champ.ex Benth.)Rehd.et Wils.〕天然林为研究对象,根据林隙面积(A)划定4个等级(A<50 m2、50 m2≤A<100 m2、100 m2≤A<150 m2和150 m2≤A<200 m2)的样地,并以非林隙样地为对照,对林隙和非林隙的乔木层、灌木层和灌草层中的物种分布、组成及生长状况进行调查和统计;在此基础上,对林隙和非林隙中主要物种的数量特征和更新响应规律进行比较分析.结果表明:闽粤栲天然林林隙和非林隙的乔木层分别有54和35种植物,共有种28种;灌木层分别有61和37种植物,共有种29种;灌草层分别有72和49种植物,共有种37种.从乔木层和灌木层各种类的重要值及灌草层各种类的密度看,林隙和非林隙中的优势种类均为闽粤栲和木荷(Schima superba Gardn.et Champ.)等,且林隙和非林隙间各优势种类的重要值差异不明显,其中,闽粤栲的重要值和密度均位居第一.从林隙和非林隙间各优势种类的重要值差值看,林隙的主要优势种类(如闽粤栲和木荷等)对林隙更新响应不明显,而其他种类对林隙则有强烈或中等的正、负更新响应,且在不同林层间有差异.从平均更新密度看,林隙面积对各优势树种的更新有一定影响,其中,林隙面积在150~200 m2时闽粤栲和丝栗栲(Castanopsis fargesii Franch.)的平均更新密度最大,林隙面积在100~150 m2时米槠〔Castanopsis carlesii(Hemsl.)Hay.〕、木荷、青冈〔Cyclobalanopsis glauca(Thunb.)Oerst.〕和黄毛润楠(Machilus chrysotricha H.W.Li)的平均更新密度最大,但在不同面积林隙间各树种的平均更新密度无显著差异(P=0.867).研究结果说明:在闽粤栲天然林中,对林隙更新响应不明显的种类较易成为林分的优势种或建群种,但林隙面积对树种的更新密度没有明显影响;从林隙到林冠的发育过程中,闽粤栲始终处于该林分的优势地位.  相似文献   

13.
秦岭山地锐齿栎次生林幼苗更新特征   总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5  
康冰  王得祥  李刚  高妍夏  张莹  杜焰玲 《生态学报》2012,32(9):2738-2747
分析了秦岭山地锐齿栎次生林群落乔木及木本幼苗物种特征值、更新生态位宽度及不同影响因子下(包括林分密度、坡向、海拔等)乔木更新动态。结果表明,乔木层物种有25种,锐齿栎占有明显地优势,重要值为149.18%。其次为华山松(Pinus armandii)和千斤榆(Carpinus cordata)等;更新层共有木本植物41种,其中乔木种有28种,占所有木本植物总数量的68%,优势种有青蛙皮槭(Acer grosseri)、木姜子(Litsea pungens)等。林下有丰富的幼苗库,径级及龄级比较小。更新方式以实生为主;分析了10种更新优势乔木种群的生态位宽度,同种幼树种群生态位宽度均大于幼苗种群生态位宽度。幼苗种群生态位宽度从大到小依次为榛子(Corylus heterophylla)、锐齿栎、青蛙皮槭等。幼树种群生态位宽度从大到小依次为榛子、青蛙皮槭、锐齿栎等;林分密度对林下乔木幼苗和幼树数量影响不同。当林分密度(株?hm-2)从720增加到1460时,幼苗密度逐渐增大。随后随着林分密度的增加,又呈现出减少的趋势。而幼树密度随着林分密度增加一直呈现出减少的趋势。坡向对锐齿栎次生林林下乔木幼苗和幼树的影响各异,阳坡(南偏西3)均利于幼苗和幼树的更新。南偏西45林分内,幼苗密度急剧减少。随着坡向转为阴坡,幼苗密度又逐渐增加。而幼树密度逐渐减少。当海拔从1083 m增加到1547 m时,幼树密度逐渐增加。随后,随着海拔增加到1882 m,幼树密度则逐渐减小。而幼苗密度随着海拔的增高一直呈现减小的趋势。  相似文献   

14.
Lindquist ES  Carroll CR 《Oecologia》2004,141(4):661-671
Recently, the importance of seed predation by crabs on mangrove species distributions and densities has been established by several studies. In a tropical coastal terrestrial forest in Costa Rica, we investigated the relative importance of predation by land crabs, Gecarcinus quadratus, and hermit crabs, Coenobita compressus, on measured forest composition through a series of seed removal and seedling establishment experiments. We also used natural light-gaps and adjacent non-gap sites to test how canopy cover affects crab predation (seed removal) and seedling establishment. We found fewer tree species (S=18) and lower densities (seedlings, saplings, and adults) in the coastal zone within 100 m of coastline, than in the inland zone (S=59). Land crab densities were higher in the coastal zone (3.03±1.44 crabs m–2) than in the inland zone (0.76±0.78 crabs m–2), and hermit crabs were not present in the inland zone. Seed removal and seedling mortality also were higher in the coastal zone than in the inland zone, and in the open controls than in the crab exclosures. Mortality of seeds and seedlings was two to six times higher in the controls than exclosures for four of the five experiments. Crabs preferred seeds and younger seedlings over older seedlings but showed no species preferences in the seed (Anacardium excelsum, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, and Terminalia oblonga) and seedling (Pachira quinata and E. cyclocarpum) stages. We conclude that the observed differences in tree densities were caused by differential crab predation pressure along the coastal gradient, while the differences in species composition were due to predator escape (satiation) by seed quantity. Canopy cover did not affect seed removal rates, but did affect seedling survival with higher mortality in the non-gap versus gap environments. In summary, crab predation of seeds and seedlings, and secondarily canopy cover, are important factors affecting tree establishment in terrestrial coastal forests.  相似文献   

15.
研究了白皮松林林隙物种组成和种间关系在林隙发育的各个阶段的动态变化,并对林隙内主要树种的更新反应进行了探讨。结果表明,在发育阶段为前期、中前期、中后期和后期的序列上,林隙中乔木层优势度最大的物种分别是白皮松(Pinus bungeana)、辽东栎(Quercus wutaishanica)、山桃(Prunus davidiana)和侧柏(Platy-cladus orientalis);灌木层优势种包括白莲蒿(Artemisia gmelinii)、胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor)、薄皮木(Lepto-dermis oblonga)和狼牙刺(Sophora viciifolia);草本层优势种包括大披针苔草(Carex lanceolata)、糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)、紫菀(Aster tataricus)和荩草(Arthraxon hispidus);非林隙林分的优势种不明显。在林隙发育过程中乔木层、灌木层、草本层的平均相似性系数为0.32、0.38和0.27。可见林隙发育过程中群落各层次的相似性系数由小到大顺序为:草本〈乔木〈灌木;草本植物随着林隙环境条件的改变而出现较大的消亡和更新,显示出较大的波动性;乔木的稳定性和连续性介于灌木和草本之间。依据林隙中树种幼苗、幼树Ⅰ和幼树Ⅱ的数量差异,可将林隙更新反应分为单峰型、双峰型、差异不明显3种,并分别以白皮松、辽东栎和油松(Pinus tabu-laeformis)为代表树种。  相似文献   

16.
Microenvironmental variability and species diversity in gaps and forest understorey were studied to assess the role of treefall gaps in maintaining composition and patchy distribution in a broad-leaved sub-tropical climax forest, Mawphlang, Meghalaya, India. Photon flux density was higher in gaps than in the surrounding understorey. Relative humidity was low and the litter layer was relatively thin in gaps throughout the year. Soil moisture and photon flux density in the gaps significantly varied between seasons and gaps of different sizes. Relative humidity significantly varied between seasons but difference among gaps was insignificant. Among-gap and among-season variations in soil and air temperature were insignificant.The number of tree species in the gaps was positively correlated with gap area, and tree species abundance showed higher equitability in larger than in smaller gaps. In gaps, -diversity was highest for herbs and lowest for shrubs. -diversity was highest for shrubs and lowest for tree seedlings. -diversity of tree seedlings was higher in the gaps than in the forest understorey. Conversely, -diversity was higher in the understorey than in the gaps. Low species similarity for tree seedlings among the gaps could be an effect of patchy distribution of parent tree species in the forest. Thus a significant change in light and moisture regimes along the gap size gradient played an important role in influencing the composition and abundance of shade tolerant and intolerant tree species in gaps on one hand, and affected the overall species diversity of the forest, on the other.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract Seed germination, and survival and growth of seedlings of four dominant tree species, Quercus dealbata, Quercus griffithii, Quercus glauca and Schima khasiana were studied in the treefall gaps and forest understorey of an undisturbed mature-phase humid subtropical broadleaved forest in northeast India. Three important microenvironmental factors namely photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), soil moisture and litter depth, were also measured in the forest understorey and gaps and correlated with seedling mortality. Seed germination of S. khasiana was significantly higher in the treefall gaps than in the understorey; among the tree species studied, it had the highest germination. Quercus seedlings were abundant in the understorey and small gaps, while S. khasiana seedlings were more numerous in the large gaps. The survivorship curves for the seedling populations revealed that the three Quercus species survived better in the understorey, while S. khasiana did so in the gaps. PAR and soil moisture were positively correlated with tree seedling mortality, which occurred mainly during the winter months. The Quercus seedlings grew better in the forest understorey and small gaps and S. khasiana seedlings in the large gaps. The differential performance of the tree seedlings to the conditions prevailing in the understorey and gaps of two sizes indicates that different species were adapted to different light environments depending upon their optimum requirements. This could be an effective mechanism for promoting species coexistence in the forest community.  相似文献   

18.
Investigating patterns of phylogenetic structure across different life stages of tree species in forests is crucial to understanding forest community assembly, and investigating forest gap influence on the phylogenetic structure of forest regeneration is necessary for understanding forest community assembly. Here, we examine the phylogenetic structure of tree species across life stages from seedlings to canopy trees, as well as forest gap influence on the phylogenetic structure of forest regeneration in a forest of the subtropical region in China. We investigate changes in phylogenetic relatedness (measured as NRI) of tree species from seedlings, saplings, treelets to canopy trees; we compare the phylogenetic turnover (measured as βNRI) between canopy trees and seedlings in forest understory with that between canopy trees and seedlings in forest gaps. We found that phylogenetic relatedness generally increases from seedlings through saplings and treelets up to canopy trees, and that phylogenetic relatedness does not differ between seedlings in forest understory and those in forest gaps, but phylogenetic turnover between canopy trees and seedlings in forest understory is lower than that between canopy trees and seedlings in forest gaps. We conclude that tree species tend to be more closely related from seedling to canopy layers, and that forest gaps alter the seedling phylogenetic turnover of the studied forest. It is likely that the increasing trend of phylogenetic clustering as tree stem size increases observed in this subtropical forest is primarily driven by abiotic filtering processes, which select a set of closely related evergreen broad-leaved tree species whose regeneration has adapted to the closed canopy environments of the subtropical forest developed under the regional monsoon climate.  相似文献   

19.
Most of the common and dominant tree species in gaps of a climax Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) forest have large seedling banks on the forest floor. These seedlings were classified into “true seedlings” and “seedling sprouts”, each of which was further classified into two and three subtypes, respectively. Each species had a characteristic seedling form spectrum. The seedling bank of beech was composed almost solely of true seedlings, whereas, seedling sprouts predominated in the seedling banks of lower tree species such as Prunus grayana Maxim. and some species of Acer. The age structures suggested that seedling sprouts had longer life spans and had been recruited more constantly than true seedlings. The habit of sprouting and creeping seemed to enable seedlings of these species to persist for long periods, thus increasing their chance for eventual success in canopy gaps.  相似文献   

20.
ABSTRACT

The canopy disturbance, the gap environment, gap regeneration and maintenance of tree species diversity in the lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest (LSEBF) of South China were studied in this paper. The most common manner of gap formation in the forest was by stem breakage. Most gaps were formed by two gap makers. The sizes of most expanded gaps (EG) and canopy gaps (CG) were in the range of 100 – 300 m2 and 50 – 100 m2, respectively. The ecological factors in gaps were analysed on the basis of contrasting measurement of the microclimatic regimes in gaps of different sizes and in non-gap stands. Tree species in the LSEBF were classified into 5 ecological species groups on the bases of their changes in order of importance values in gaps and in non-gap stands. Most of the species reached their peak of regeneration density around the gap sizes of 100 m2 and 500 m2. The curves of regeneration density vs. gap age for major species revealed two types. Regeneration densities of most species, and species diversity indices in gaps were greater than those in non-gap stands.  相似文献   

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