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湖泊富营养化模型研究进展 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
自多湖泊富营养化引起人类注意以来,科学家们就设法通过使用数学模型来模拟湖泊富营养化的发生,预测湖泊对不同管理措施的响应,以便批出合理的治理措施。总的来说,湖泊富营养化模型大概经历了以下三个发展阶段:(1)单限制因子模型,如磷模型;(2)多限制因子模型,如浮游植物初级生产力估测模型;(3)生态-动力学模型,它是目前也是以后发展的主不充。随着人们对湖泊生态系统认识的提高和计算机技术的发展,生态与水动力耦合模型、面向对象模型和神经网络模型等具有良好的发展前景。 相似文献
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湖泊富营养化治理的生态工程 总被引:55,自引:3,他引:55
1996年对长春南湖的富营养化实施了生治理工作,调查结果表明,通过收获水生高等植物和鱼产品带出湖体的P量分别为149.6和189.9kg,通过蚌体生长固定的P量为153.4kg,三者合计492.9kg,与湖体会年P输入量大体持平,生态工程运转后,水质明显好转,湖水中的总P浓度逐年下降,浮游植物个体密度减小,种类数增加,生态工程是城市湖泊富营养化治理较为理想的方法。 相似文献
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湖泊的水生态模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
由于城市化进程的不断加快,大量的污染物排放到湖泊中,打破了湖泊的生态平衡.湖泊的水生态模型不仅能够研究湖泊的富营养化现象,而且还可以模拟工业毒物等污染物对湖泊生态系统的影响,是湖泊管理的有力工具.本文从分析湖泊的污染现状以及污染趋势出发,介绍了湖泊水生态模型的研究现状,并根据模型的模拟对象和空间模拟能力对湖泊水生态模型进行了分类.在此基础上介绍了AQUATOX、PAMOLARE、CAEDYM、WASP、OOMAS等比较成熟的模拟湖泊生态系统的模型软件,阐述了它们的产生、发展、主要特点以及应用,总结了当今湖泊水生态模型在模拟过程中遇到的问题,并对水生态模型的发展趋势进行了展望.本文为湖泊水生态模型的选择提供了建议. 相似文献
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应用人工神经网络评价湖泊的富营养化 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17
应用人工神经网络方法,以化学需氧量、总氮、总磷和透明度作为评价参数,经反复尝试,构建了具有4层结构用于评价湖泊富营养化的误差逆传播网络.其输入层有4个神经元,2个隐含层也各有4个神经元,输出层有1个神经元.以太湖富营养化评价标准作为样本模式提供给网络,按照误差逆传播网络的学习规则对网络进行训练,经过37684次学习后,网络达到预先给定的收敛标准.使网络具备了识别湖泊富营养化程度的功能.应用该网络对我国17个湖泊的富营养化程度进行评价,操作过程简便易行,评价结果切合实际,展示了这种方法的一系列优点. 相似文献
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城市小型浅水人工湖泊浮游藻类与水质特征研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了广州城区某富营养化小型浅水人工湖泊浮游藻类和水质特征及其变化规律。根据镜检共鉴定出7门54属浮游藻类,以绿藻门、蓝藻门、硅藻门和裸藻门为主,其中绿藻门的绿球藻目占绝对优势,达26属62种,占总属数的45.6%;在整个观测期内,浮游藻类密度均较高,05年2月藻类密度高达10.8×106cell·mL-1;根据Kolkwitz划分的水域类型,该湖泊中浮游藻类属于α、β-中污带指示种类的最多。由以修正的卡森(Carlson)指数为基础的综合营养型评价方法和Margalef生物多样性指数判断,该湖泊水体属重富营养化水平,受到重污染,且污染水平季节变化明显:冬季>秋季>夏季。 相似文献
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湖泊富营养化灰色评价模型及其应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
湖泊富营养化灰色评价模型及其应用冯玉国(冶金部山东地质勘查局三队,烟台264002)AGreyEvaluationModeloflakeEutrophicationanditsApplication.FengYuguo(No.3TeamofShand... 相似文献
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考虑气候因子变化的湖泊富营养化模型研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
气候因子是影响湖泊营养状态和进程的主要自然因素.在全球气候变化的趋势下,将气候因子的变化纳入湖泊富营养化模型中,可以为湖泊演化趋势分析和环境管理决策提供技术支持.本文首先分析了气温、降水、光照和大气等气候因子对湖泊富营养化的影响,进而对考虑气候因子变化的数理统计与分析模型、生态动力学模型、系统生态学模型及智能算法等的研究进行了综述.在此基础上,对完善气候因子变化下湖泊营养状态变化的模型研究进行了展望:1)加强气候因子作用于湖泊营养状态的机理研究;2)选择合适的气候模拟模型,合理设置气候变化情景,在不同模型嵌套时保证时空尺度的匹配;3)以水动力学模型为基础,耦合生态模型及智能算法等,并结合良好的气候模拟模型,以精确模拟预测气候变化下湖泊富营养化的演化过程和趋势. 相似文献
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运用市场价值法、碳税法、造林成本法和工业制氧影子价格法、影子工程法以及价格替代等方法,以肇庆仙女湖为例,对城市湖泊水生态系统自然资产价值部分的演变进行了评估。结果得出,仙女湖水生态系统退化过程中,导致水生态系统有些服务功能的大幅度降低,如大气调节功能价值由1999年的460124元降低到2004年的8元、水质净化功能价值由1999年的11480元降到2004年的904元等;但并非各项生态系统服务功能价值都降低,有些项目的生态系统服务功能可保持不变,如水资源调节功能价值;甚至升高,如物质生产价值由1999年的152400元增加到2004年的241200元。该研究给退化生态系统的修复带来很大启示,即在退化生态系统的修复过程中要针对性的就退化生态系统的结构和功能进行修复,提高生态系统的总体服务功能价值,而并非退化生态系统的各项服务均需提高,有些项目的生态系统服务价值可以保持不变,甚至降低。 相似文献
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评价湖泊富营养化的一个综合模型 总被引:33,自引:0,他引:33
湖泊富营养化的评价 ,即确定水体的状态属性 ,实际上是一个将定性问题定量化的多变量的综合决策过程 ,因此 ,对湖泊的富营养化程度进行评价应以综合评价为主 .在综述国内外若干综合评价方法的基础上 ,指出营养状态指数 (TSI)法应可作为湖泊富营养化评价的主要方法 ,因其可对湖泊的营养状态进行连续的数值化分级 ,从而为富营养化机理的定量研究提供坚实基础 .采用层次分析 (AHP)法确定综合评价指标中的权重分配 ,构建一综合评价模型 :TSI =W (Chla)×TSI(Chla) +W (Sd)×TSI(Sd) +W (TP)×TSI(TP)或TSIM=W (Chla)×TSIM(Chla) +W (Sd)×TSIM(Sd) +W (TP)×TSIM(TP) .此外 ,文中简要讨论了综合评价与其他统计方法如聚类分析的关系 . 相似文献
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In Swiss ponds, eutrophication represents one of the major threats to biodiversity. A biological method to assess the trophic state would, therefore, be particularly useful for monitoring purposes. Macrophytes have already been successfully used to evaluate the trophic state of rivers and lakes. Considering their colonizing abilities and their roles in pond ecosystem structure and function, macrophytes should be included in any assessment methods as required by the European Water Framework Directive. Vegetation survey and water quality data for 114 permanent ponds throughout Switzerland were analysed to define indicator values for 113 species including 47 with well-defined ecological response to total water phosphorus (TP). Using indicator values and species cover, a Macrophyte Nutrient Index for Ponds (M-NIP) was calculated for each site and assessed with both the original pond data set and a limited validation data set. The resulting index performed better when considering only species with narrow responses to TP gradient and was more applicable, but less accurate when including all species. Despite these limitations, the M-NIP is a valuable and easy tool to assess and monitor the nutrient status of Swiss ponds and was shown to be robust and relatively sensitive to slight changes in phosphorus loading with a validation subset. Guest editors: B. Oertli, R. Cereghino, A. Hull & R. Miracle Pond Conservation: From Science to Practice. 3rd Conference of the European Pond Conservation Network, Valencia, Spain, 14–16 May 2008 相似文献
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富营养化水体的水生植物净化试验研究 总被引:101,自引:3,他引:101
利用水生植物净化和底泥遮蔽的方法对养鱼池的富营养化水体进行控制研究.结果表明,金鱼藻等6种水生植物对水中总氮、总磷和硝态氮有较好的去除效果,而以狐尾藻和微齿眼子菜两种效果最好,1个月后对总氮的去除率分别为83.84%和77.54%,对硝态氮的去除率分别为95.85%和90.65%,磷的去除率都达到了91.7%.但对氨氮的去除效果稍差,1个月时去除效果只有14%~70%.底泥进行塑料遮蔽处理后在前期(15~20d)能控制底泥中营养盐的释放,但不能保持长久;并在后期表现出“补偿效应”.试验结果还表明。水生植物能有效提高水体透明度和水体观感,但对改善COD和DO的效果不明显. 相似文献
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Ecological quality assessment of non-natural water bodies is, in contrast to natural systems, less developed and requires determining biological indicators that reliably reflect environmental conditions and anthropogenic pressures. This study was motivated to propose fish indicators appropriate for assessment of reservoir ecosystems in central Europe. We analysed changes in water quality, total biomass and the taxonomic, trophic and size composition of fish communities along the longitudinal axes of four elongated, deep-valley reservoirs. Due to high nutrient inputs from their catchments, the reservoirs exhibited pronounced within-system gradients in primary productivity and water transparency. Although fish communities were similar among the reservoirs and dominated by few native species, the community structure and biomass systematically changed along the longitudinal axes of the reservoirs. The biomass and proportion of planktivores/benthivores in the fish community were highest at eutrophic sites near the river inflow and declined substantially towards deep, more oligotrophic sites close to the dam. The biomass and proportion of piscivores significantly increased downstream within the reservoirs alongside improving water quality. At species level, perch Perca fluviatilis and bream Abramis brama responded most sensitively, although in opposite directions, to the longitudinal environmental gradient. The major longitudinal changes in fish community characteristics were found to be consistent between pelagic and benthic habitats. The results of this study suggest that fish communities are appropriate indicators of eutrophication and can be used for ecological quality assessment of non-natural lentic water bodies, such as reservoirs. Moreover, our results underline the necessity to consider within-system gradients in water quality and the fish community when planning sampling programmes for deep-valley reservoirs. 相似文献
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分析了湖北省月湖、龙阳湖、后官湖、梁子湖、牛山湖、保安湖、鲁湖等7个湖泊表层沉积物有机质、总氮与总磷的含量,并考察了其在月湖、龙阳湖沉积物中的垂直分布及月湖、龙阳湖与保安湖表层沉积物的颗粒组成,结果表明:位于城市与城郊的月湖与龙阳湖表层沉积物有机质含量较高,且表现出沿岸带较丰富的空间分布特征。在垂直及水平方向上,有机质与总氮和总磷含量均显著相关,颗粒组成与有机质和总氮含量亦显著相关。有机质富集应是促进城市湖泊富营养化的重要因素。 相似文献
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Competitive abilities of Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss (invasive in Belgium) and native Ceratophyllum demersum L. were assessed experimentally in relation to sediment dredging. We mimicked these conditions by taking undisturbed sediment (‘before dredging’ treatment) and by using restored sediment where the uppermost nutrient rich top layer was removed (‘after dredging’ treatment). Both the species were allowed to grow for seven weeks in monocultures and mixed cultures at different planting densities. Overall, invasive L. major performed better than native C. demersum independent of the characteristics of the growth environment. L. major achieved a higher relative growth rate (RGR) in both treatments based on total length (0.17-0.21 week−1) and weight (0.10-0.19 week−1) compared to C. demersum (length: 0.04-0.07 week−1; weight: 0.03-0.17 week−1). The better performance of L. major was due to a high plasticity under stressful conditions of low free CO2 and high pH. Intraspecific competition and niche partitioning were observed between the two species indicating that species coexistence is favoured instead of competitive exclusion. L. major performed better in the ‘after dredging’ treatment. Consequently, we deduce that sediment dredging will not lead to a decline of the invasive L. major. 相似文献
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提出了湖泊生态系统健康定量评价的一种新方法生态系统健康指数法。该方法首先设计了一个0~100的生态系统健康指数作为定量尺度,然后通过评价指标选择、各指标生态系统健康分指数计算、各指标权重计算、生态系统健康综合指数计算等基本步骤,评价湖泊生态系统健康状态。以实用实例对意大利西西里湖泊群及单个湖泊进行了生态系统健康评价。结果表明,该方法原理简单,计算简便,结果可靠、直观,既可用于同一湖泊又可用于不同湖泊生态系统健康状态的定量评价与比较,是一种值得推广的定量评价方法。 相似文献
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The Salton Sea (Sea) is a eutrophic to hypereutrophic lake characterized by high nutrient concentrations, low water clarity, and high biological productivity. Based on dissolved phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations and N:P ratios, P is typically the limiting nutrient in the Sea and, therefore, should be the primary nutrient of concern when considering management efforts. Flows in the major tributaries to the Sea have been measured since 1965, whereas total P (TP) concentrations were only measured intermittently by various agencies since 1968. These data were used to estimate annual P loading from 1965 to 2002. Annual loads have increased steadily from ∼940,000 kg around 1968 to ∼1,450,000 kg in 2002 (∼55% increase), primarily a result of increased TP concentrations and loads in the New River. Although the eutrophic condition of the Salton Sea is of great concern, only limited nutrient data are available for the Sea. It is difficult to determine whether the eutrophic state of the Sea has degraded or possibly even improved slightly in response to the change in P loading because of variability in the data and changes in the sampling and analytical methodologies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Guest editor: S. H. Hurlbert The Salton Sea Centennial Symposium. Proceedings of a Symposium Celebrating a Century of Symbiosis Among Agriculture, Wildlife and People, 1905–2005, held in San Diego, California, USA, March 2005 相似文献