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1.
王献溥   《广西植物》1986,(Z1):147-150
最近,不少开发公司拟开展野生动植物国际贸易,这就必需了解和熟悉“濒危野生动植物国际贸易公约”的规定,办理必要的手续。为此,把这个公约略作介绍,以供有关方面参考。 一、“公约”产生的背景和经过 “濒危野生动植物贸易公约”(以下简称公约,英文缩写CITES,这几个字母的艺术写法似一头大象)是1972年联合国在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩召开的人类环境会议上,鉴于国际野生动植物的贸易年产值已高达10亿美元,说明许多地方野生动植物已被过度开发利用,如不注意控制,就会引起许多动植物濒临灭绝的危险。为了控制贸易的规模,避免过分的利用,以保护野生动植物的生存,从而提供永续的利用,会议通过了一项提案:建议在各国政  相似文献   

2.
为了掌握近年来广州市场龟鳖贸易状况及变化趋势,本研究对中国龟鳖贸易需求大、非法贸易严重的广州地区进行了10年的市场调研,结合2010至2019年广州地区查处龟鳖非法贸易案件的物证鉴定信息进行了统计分析。结果显示,2010年8月至2011年7月的专项调查记录到市场出售的龟鳖74种,其中,野生龟鳖41种,野生龟鳖个体市场占比2.01%,养殖龟鳖33种,个体市场占比97.99%,非法贸易龟鳖40种,个体市场占比3.74%;专项调查之后的8年内的不定期抽查记录到市场出售的龟鳖45种,其中,野生龟鳖18种,野生龟鳖个体市场占比1.13%,养殖龟鳖27种,个体市场占比98.87%,非法贸易龟鳖21种,个体市场占比2.29%;10年的物证鉴定案件信息统计显示,广州市场非法贸易龟鳖19种,共638只个体,其中17种龟鳖在市场调查有记录,包括养殖龟鳖7种,野生龟鳖12种,野生个体339只,占个体总数53.13%。自2010年以来,广州市场龟鳖贸易的种类及规模均呈下降趋势,龟鳖种类减少明显;宠物市场记录数据分析,养殖来源的龟鳖种类及数量市场占比上升,非法贸易龟鳖种类及数量市场占比下降,野生龟鳖种类及数量市...  相似文献   

3.
蒋志刚 《生物多样性》2011,19(5):495-496
物种保护是生物多样性保护的核心问题之一.威胁野生动植物生存的主要因素有栖息地丧失、商业开发以及野生动植物国际贸易等.通过各种贸易活动实现经济利益,是人们开发利用野生动植物的主要原动力之一.因而,对野生动植物贸易活动进行科学有效的管理,是保护生物多样性、实现可持续发展的重要基础.  相似文献   

4.
西洞庭湖湿地越冬期野生植物多样性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本研究采用定点取样法,于2008~2009年越冬期对西洞庭湖湿地野生植物多样性进行了调查统计分析.结果表明:西洞庭湖湿地野生植物种类共73种,隶属29科,植物种类丰富,其中以菊科、十字花科野生植物为主.西洞庭湖区野生植物群落具有较大的物种丰富度,分布均匀,且不同种之间相遇几率较大,具有较高的物种多样性.为保护西洞庭湖区野生植物多样性提供了科学依据.  相似文献   

5.
我国兰科植物物种丰富, 很多具有极高的药用和观赏价值。随着网络平台的迅速发展, 兰科植物的线上交易越来越普遍。为了解国内网络平台的本土兰科植物贸易情况, 本文利用PyCharm Community软件爬取网络交易信息和人工浏览收集的方法, 分析了淘宝网、拼多多和中兰网的兰科植物贸易情况。调查发现: 网络贸易的本土兰科植物共计84属339种(含3变种), 包含45个中国特有种, 兰属(Cymbidium)和石斛属(Dendrobium)是最大的贸易对象。其中, 仅以观赏用途作为卖点的兰科植物309种(91.1%), 仅以药用价值作为卖点的兰科植物5种(1.5%), 以双用途作为卖点的兰科植物25种(7.4%)。本次调查共记录到336种(99.1%)野生兰科植物销售信息, 并发现部分销售者刻意包装野生兰科植物的现象。大部分淘宝网和拼多多的兰科植物最大销售量对应的价位为10-49元, 其中拼多多的价格更低且集中, 位于15-35元的占57.5%。商品货源地较集中, 主要包括云南省、广东省、广西壮族自治区、浙江省、福建省和四川省。进一步对本次记录的兰科植物进行濒危等级统计后发现: 受威胁兰科植物188种(55.5%), 其中极危(Critically Endangered, CR) 23种(6.8%), 濒危(Endangered, EN) 85种(25.1%), 易危(Vulnerable, VU) 80种(23.6%)。为加强我国野生兰科植物多样性保护, 强烈建议各网络平台依据最新《国家重点保护野生植物名录》制定兰科植物商品信息发布规则, 重点监督货源地集中的地区, 同时加强对公众的宣传教育, 相关部门应利用网络平台加强兰科资源的信息交流, 共同保护野生兰科植物。  相似文献   

6.
一、保护自然资源的重大意义人类社会经济活动改变着自然界,也给野生动植物带来严重危害。据记录地球上的动物已绝灭了200余种,还有600余种正濒于绝灭。至于植物种类更有大量面临危机、灭种的趋势,据专家推测,到本世纪末将有万余种高等植物种在地球上灭绝。另据调查,地球上生物的种类近年来急剧在减少,据称至本世纪末有可能从现有的600万-1000万种,减少到近100万种。自进入本世纪以来,平均每年有1种灭绝,而现在,平均每天就有1种生物从地球上绝迹,而且估计到八十年代末期,速度将快到每小时减少1种。经济价值高的珍贵药用植物,由于大量采集,野生的越来越少,而人工种植的往往不能达到野生状态下的品质。  相似文献   

7.
海南淡水龟类贸易现状与管理建议   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
2002–2004年,对海南野生淡水龟类贸易进行了调查。调查发现海南所有市县都存在野生龟类贸易,有野生龟类贸易的农贸市场22个,占调查农贸市场总数的19.6%;有野生龟类贸易的乡镇64个,占调查乡镇总数的65.3%;野生龟类收购点103个,野生淡水龟共489只。野生龟贸易所涉及的淡水龟类共10种,占海南淡水龟分布总种数的90%以上,其中3种是国家二级重点保护动物,6种是列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录II的物种。按照《中国濒危动物红皮书(两栖类和爬行类)》,1种为极危物种,8种为濒危物种,1种为易危物种。在个体数量方面,以锯缘摄龟(Pyxideamouhotii)、黄额盒龟(Cuoragalbinifrons)、四眼斑水龟(Sacaliaquadriocellata)和中华花龟(Ocadiasinensis)较多,平胸龟(Platysternonmegacephalum)、地龟(Geoemydaspengleri)、中华鳖(Pelodiscussinensis)较少,三线闭壳龟(Cuoratrifasciata)、黄喉拟水龟(Mauremysmutica)和山瑞鳖(Paleasteindachneri)极其稀少。龟类市场价格差异很大,从2002年到2004年,各种龟的价格都有不同幅度的上涨。分析表明:淡水龟类非法捕猎与贸易在海南普遍存在,过度捕猎对海南淡水龟类构成了严重威胁,而野生龟贸易则是导致过度捕猎的主要原因。本文在分析和探讨海南野生淡水龟类贸易的现状、原  相似文献   

8.
广阔的地域和多样的地形造就了中国丰富的生物多样性,同时长时间的人类活动也导致我国有不少物种的生存受到威胁,特别是一些极度濒危、随时有灭绝危险、生境要求独特、生态幅狭窄或基因易流失的物种需要重点保护。近期国家出台了《全国野生动植物及自然保护区建设工程总体规划》,其中包含了首批重点保护的极小种群植物名单。本研究中,我们整理了120种极小种群野生植物的高精度分布图,探讨其分布格局并通过国家级和省级保护区网络评估其保护现状。研究发现,中国极小种群野生植物丰富度最高的地方是云南东南部、广西西南部和海南岛西南部。国家级自然保护区对中国极小种群野生植物分布区的平均覆盖率为21.5%,省级自然保护区的平均覆盖率为10.9%。有35种极小种群野生植物(占总数的29%)未受国家级自然保护区覆盖,有17种(14%)未受任何国家级或省级自然保护区覆盖。我们建议在云南和海南省针对极小种群建立自然保护区。  相似文献   

9.
野生植物资源是进行国民经济四个现代化建没的重要资源,广泛采集和充分利用,对加速四化建设关系极为密切。我国幅员辽阔,自然条件优越,野生植物资源极为丰富,已经发现可资利用的约有1000多种。贵州省经初步调查,有野生油料(包括芳香油)、野生纤维、野生淀粉、野生化工原料、野生药材等700多种,其中,不少种类产量相当可观,而且有较高利用价值。在采集和利用两个方面,供销(商业)、医药、轻工、化工等有关部门做了不少工作,取得一定成绩,但也存在开发利用不够,加工深度差等问题,致使自然优势不能转化为经济优势,因而需要逐步解决。为研究探讨有关问题,现将贵州省的野生植物资源及  相似文献   

10.
运用民族植物学“5W+lH”提问法,结合访谈方法、集市调查和野外调查进行编目,研究了凉山彝族自治州冕宁县饮食文化中食用野生植物的传统知识.结果表明:1)冕宁县饮食文化中利用的野生植物种类隶属于45科91属110种,其中传统粮用植物4种、野生蔬菜53种、野果植物37种、调味植物6种、酿造植物4种、药食两用植物16种、代茶植物15种;2)冕宁县彝族和汉族饮食文化中对野生植物利用有叠合又各自传承发展的特征;3)对彝族和汉族饮食文化中的野生植物利用现状形成的原因进行了分析,就如何保护传统知识进行了探讨,对可持续利用当地的野生食用植物资源提出建议.  相似文献   

11.
New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn2NPSCH2CH2Sa(P-Sa) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn2NPSCHCHSa(CH2)3CaH2(P-Sa)(Ca-Sa) (6) and Bn2NP(4-XC6H4OMe)2 (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)2] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl2Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the νCO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The 1JPRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the 1JPSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh3. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh3.  相似文献   

12.
Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.  相似文献   

13.
14.
《环境昆虫学报》2014,(5):790-804
综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生(宾主共栖和异种共栖)、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌(原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌)和外生菌(蚁巢伞菌等)间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用(如纤维素酶)及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

15.
The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.  相似文献   

16.
To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.  相似文献   

17.
In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.  相似文献   

18.
The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE2, PGD2, PGF, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF. In all types studied PGE2 and TXB2 were the major products formed. The identification of PGE2 and TXB2 was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.  相似文献   

19.
A new series of antibacterial and antifungal triazine-derived mono- and di-substituted (symmetrical and unsymmetrical) Schiff-bases and their cobalt(II), copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized by their elemental analyses, molar conductances, magnetic moments and IR and electronic spectral measurements. IR spectra indicated the ligands to act as tridentate towards divalent metal ions via a trazine-N, the azomethine-N and, indole-NH and deprotonated-O of salicylaldehyde. The magnetic moments and electronic spectral data suggest octahedral geometry for the Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II)complexes and square-pyramid for Cu(II) complexes. NMR spectral data of the ligands and their diamagnetic zinc(II) complexes well-define their proposed structures/geometries. Elemental analyses data of the ligands and metal complexes agree with their proposed structures/geometries. The synthesized ligands, along with their metal complexes were screened for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtillis, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi and for antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani and Candida glaberata. The results of these studies show the metal complexes to be more antibacterial/antifungal against two or more species as compared to the uncomplexed Schiff-base ligands.  相似文献   

20.
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