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1.
文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia)研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
综述了文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.)的落花落果、雄性不育、遗传变异、快繁及药用等方面的研究进展。认为造成文冠果“千花一果”的生理原因可能在于树体营养不足;导致雄性不育的主要原因可能在于花药难以开裂散粉,其次才是花粉败育;文冠果花瓣等突变体的发现及体细胞胚培养成功,为优选、快繁新品种及研究木本植物的各个器官的形态建成分子机理等提供了条件,但文冠果的资源在逐年减少,有待尽快加以保护和利用;文冠果的药用价值尚有待国内深入系统地研究。  相似文献   

2.
大白菜雄性不育系的组织培养和快速繁殖技术研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以大白菜雄性不育系Bm5-3为材料,研究其组培快繁技术的结果表明:腋芽以组培快繁技术保存、扩繁大白菜雄性不育系是可行的。适合其腋芽增殖的培养基是MS+2mg·L-16-BA+0.1mg·L-1NAA,增殖系数为4.58,一般通过4 ̄5次继代即可脱分化;适合其生根的培养基是B5+0.1mg·L-1IBA,平均每株生根数为8.5条,平均根长8.18cm,这一培养基上生长的根较粗壮。具有4~5片叶子且根系发达的试管苗,移栽成活率高达95%。田间栽培的试管苗与供体植株的外部形态与生理特性完全一致。  相似文献   

3.
 为了获得新细胞质源的水稻雄性不育系及雄性不育突变体,以解决目前杂交水稻生产上所面临的不育系来源单一的问题,人们采用了常规育种、诱变育种、组织培养和离体诱变等方法,其中离体筛选尤显其优势性,但也有不少问题有待解决,如能通过离体培养定向地筛选出雄性不育系及雄性不育突变体,无疑将大大提高工作效率。此外,对影响离体筛选雄性不育突变体的因素进行了探讨。  相似文献   

4.
组织培养法快速繁殖川乌头种苗   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本研究探讨了川乌头组织培养过程中的外植体诱导建立无菌繁殖系;外植体生长分化和增殖培养基的筛选:生根及驯化移栽等关键技术环节,从而使川乌头通过组培快繁实现大规模育苗成为可能.  相似文献   

5.
水稻雄性不育系及雄性不育突变体筛选研究进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
为了获得新细胞质源的水稻雄性不育系及雄性不育突变体,以解决目前杂交水稻生产上所面临的不育系来源单一的问题,人们采用了常规育种,诱变育种,组织培养和离体诱变等方法,其中离体筛选尤显其优势性,但也有不少问题有待解决,如能通过离体培养定向地筛选出雄性不育系及雄性不育突变体,无疑将大大提高工作效率,此外,对影响离体筛选雄性不育突变体的因素进行了探讨。  相似文献   

6.
植物雄性不育基因的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
缪颖  陈睦传 《植物学报》2000,17(1):1-10
本文概述了植物雄性核不育基因的分子标记及其定位,综述了植物细胞质雄性不育中不育系与保持系在叶绿体和线粒体基因组的结构、转录和翻译产物方面的差异以及和雄性不育之间的可能关系,以及恢复系中的恢复基因分子水平的研究现状;讨论了环境条件如光周期和温度对雄性不育的影响在分子水平上的研究现状,指出了植物雄性不育基因研究方面存在的问题和解决的思路。  相似文献   

7.
文冠果繁育技术研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
文冠果作为北方地区一种兼具生物质能源潜力和生态功能的树种,近年来逐渐成为研究热点。文章从文冠果的优良品种选育、繁殖技术和苗期管理三个大的方面进行了综述,以期在文冠果繁育研究方面提供参考;其中,建立杂交种子园是选育优良品种的有效途径;秋播和根插是现有的快速可行的繁殖技术;文冠果抗性品种选育也需注重。最后主要探讨了其各种繁殖技术的研究现状及存在的问题。认为,优良品种选育体系和快速育苗技术将是文冠果相关研究的主要方向,同时也是推动文冠果产业发展的基础动力。  相似文献   

8.
以文冠果新梢为试验材料,通过分析文冠果新梢生长发育过程中的茎尖、茎段、叶片的多酚、类黄酮、单宁及相关酶(苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶)活性,研究了文冠果新梢枝条发育过程中不同部位酚类物质的积累规律及相关酶活性的变化规律。结果显示:(1)文冠果新梢生长期内(4~9月)随着季节的变化,多酚、类黄酮、单宁等酚类物质含量总体上呈现上升趋势,新梢同一时期不同部位的多酚、类黄酮、单宁等酚类物质含量的分布情况相似,皆为:叶茎尖茎段。(2)文冠果不同发育时期的茎叶苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性大小为:新梢幼嫩茎段及相应叶片半木质化茎段及相应叶片木质化茎段及相应叶片;新梢叶片的多酚氧化酶活性显著高于茎段,茎尖的最低;文冠果叶片有着极强的抗氧化能力,对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)的清除率最高可达98.13%。(3)在4月29日前后,文冠果新梢各部位多酚、类黄酮和单宁含量上升趋势有显著差异,各部位苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性最低,而多酚氧化酶活性最高,木质化程度不同的茎段DPPH·清除率均降至最低,表明4月29日是文冠果新梢生长期的一个重要过渡生长阶段。(4)文冠果的新梢多酚、类黄酮、单宁之间呈极显著正相关关系;多酚、类黄酮、单宁与DPPH·清除率存在极显著正相关关系,与多酚氧化酶活性呈显著正相关关系,与苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性之间相关性不显著。研究表明,酚类物质含量是影响文冠果无性繁殖的主要因素,酚类物质含量越低,文冠果的扦插、嫁接、组培的成活率越高;新梢多酚、类黄酮、单宁等酚类物质含量在生长初期最低,后随着新梢的生长呈现显著上升趋势;文冠果无性繁殖最好在新梢生长初期进行,最佳时间为4~5月中旬。  相似文献   

9.
植物雄性不育基因的研究进展   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
本文概述了植物雄性核不育基因的分子标记及其定位,综述了植物细胞质雄性不育中不育系与保持系在叶绿体和线粒体基因组的结构、转录和翻译产物方面的差异以及和雄性不育之间的可能关系,以及恢复系中的恢复基因分子水平的研究现状;讨论了环境条件光周期和温度对雄性不育的影响在分子水平上的研究现状,指出了植物雄性不育基因研究方面存在的问题和解决贩思路。  相似文献   

10.
植物快繁中有效快繁速度与商品苗总产量的计算与控制   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
分析了植物快繁中影响有效繁殖速度的各种参数,在此基础上推导出了有效快繁速度( V)和商品苗总产量( Yt)的计算公式,即 V= Y/ Np = [n· Cr+ 1 - (n- 1)· Cr- 1]·f; Yt= B·( C- 1)·f ·n。利用这套参数及公式作为技术指标,既可评定特定快繁系统间的差异,又可实现对快繁系统的调控和量化组织管理,提高快繁效益。  相似文献   

11.
文冠果人工种群的果实发育与落花落果特性研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以甘肃定西生长的文冠果为对象,探讨了文冠果果实发育特征及落花落果规律。结果表明:(1)文冠果果实生长发育历经约2.5个月,生长发育主要在花期后的40 d内。果实发育特点为:在花期过后的10 d内生长最快,增长率达193%,此后一月仍保持较快的生长速度,月增长率达120%,而最后一月生长比较缓慢,月增长率仅为7%,整个发育期内横径发育速度一直大于纵径;(2)文冠果落花落果主要发生在果实生长发育的初期,且落花落果率高,达94.65%(落花率5.74%,落果率88.91%),坐果率低,只有5.35%。其落果特点为:落果是一个持续的过程,自花期过后果实膨大到成熟一直在落果,但也存在一个落果的高峰期,即花期过后的10 d内,落果最严重,落果率约达40%。研究认为,从保花保果的角度考虑,开花末期是文冠果水肥管理的重点时期。但从文冠果开花过于繁茂和可孕花分布过于集中而大量消耗树体和顶花序养分,从而造成严重的落花落果的现实考虑,应在开花末期和幼果期疏花疏果或任其自然落花落果,但均应加强果实发育中后期的水肥管理,从而提高坐果率。  相似文献   

12.
乌丹地区文冠果生物学特性及物候观测   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
通过野外定枝追踪,对乌丹地区文冠果年生长周期的物候、生殖过程进行连续观测,研究了文冠果的果实生长进程与有效积温的关系、数量动态和落花落果率.结果表明:文冠果物候变化与有效积温之间存在极显著的线性函数关系;雄花花丝的伸长和花药的开裂在时间上具有先后性;文冠果果实生长发育过程中经历3次落果,授粉率为26.4%,落花率达73.6%,落果率可达92.9%,落花、落果现象十分严重;6月上中旬果实的纵径生长较快,6月中下旬果实横径生长较快,纵横径比可达2.17;个体间物候有一定的差异,不利于文冠果异株授粉和授粉率的提高.  相似文献   

13.
Mineral elements and metabolizable carbohydrates in Citrus leaves [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Washington navel] have been determined from bud sprouting until the end of the June drop and related to fruitlet growth and abscission. Mineral elements in old leaves decreased during the spring flush of growth and reached minimum values at flower opening, coinciding with a peak in abscission. This was followed by a rapid recovery in potassium and nitrogen to the initial values, with little change afterwards. Old leaves accumulate carbohydrates until flowering, and lose them during post-anthesis at a constant rate for more than 4 months; this rate of export is unaltered by the presence of a nearby growing fruit. Inflorescence leaves accumulate carbohydrates and mineral elements during post-anthesis; during the June drop there is an interruption in the accumulation of nitrogen and a net loss of phosphorus, potassium and carbohydrates from these leaves, coinciding with the attainment of the maximum growth rate of the fruit.
The two main periods of abscission coincide with minima in the amount of reserves in leaves, suggesting that a limitation in metabolite supply may be the primary cause of drop. There is a closer relationship of the fruit with inflorescence leaves than with old mature ones; however, the regulation of carbohydrate levels in the inflorescence leaves cannot be simply explained in terms of source-sink relationships with the nearby growing fruit, and the smaller size of inflorescence leaves vs. vegetative ones is not due to the presence of the flower during leaf development.  相似文献   

14.
A common observation in different plant species is a massive abscission of flowers and fruitlets even after adequate pollination, but little is known as to the reason for this drop. Previous research has shown the importance of nutritive reserves accumulated in the flower on fertilization success and initial fruit development but direct evidence has been elusive. Avocado (Persea americana) is an extreme case of a species with a very low fruit to flower ratio. In this work, the implications of starch content in the avocado flower on the subsequent fruit set are explored. Firstly, starch content in individual ovaries was analysed from two populations of flowers with a different fruit set capacity showing that the flowers from the population that resulted in a higher percentage of fruit set contained significantly more starch. Secondly, in a different set of flowers, the style of each flower was excised one day after pollination, once the pollen tubes had reached the base of the style, and individually fixed for starch content analysis under the microscope once the fate of its corresponding ovary (that remained in the tree) was known. A high variability in starch content in the style was found among flowers, with some flowers having starch content up to 1,000 times higher than others, and the flowers that successfully developed into fruits presented significantly higher starch content in the style at anthesis than those that abscised. The relationship between starch content in the ovary and the capacity of set of the flower together with the correlation found between the starch content in the style and the fate of the ovary support the hypothesis that the carbohydrate reserves accumulated in the flower at anthesis are related to subsequent abscission or retention of the developing fruit.  相似文献   

15.
文冠果落果机理及提高座果率和种子品质的研究   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
  相似文献   

16.
Effects of exogenous application of auxin, GA3, abscisic acid, ethrel, methionine and α-alanine to the cut ends of the pedicels of flower buds, flowers and fruits on their abscission behaviour were studied. Fruit pedicels required more time for abscission compared with flower and flower bud pedicels. NAA inhibited abscission of all types of pedicels and the inhibition was maximum in matured fruit pedicels and minimum in flower bud pedicels. Flower pedicels were more sensitive towards the abscission promotive effects of GA3, abscisic acid and ±-alanine and the flower bud pedicels towards ethrel and methionine. The duration of Stage-I of abscission was maximum in cut pedicels of fruit and minimum in those of flower buds. Biochemical analyses revealed greater quantities of endogenous amino acids in the epicalyx of flowers with the exception of methionine and aspartic acid which were found to be present in higher quantities in the epicalyx of flower buds. Levels of IAA-like compounds were maximum in the epioalyx of flower buds and minimum in the epicalyx of flowers. Higher levels of abscisic acid were found in the epicalyx of matured fruits and the epicalyx of flower buds showed a minimum amount of abscisic acid-like compound.  相似文献   

17.
从植株群体和单穗调查分析‘草莓荔’雌雄花开花特性,结果表明,‘草莓荔’雌雄花交替开放的顺序主要是雌→雄,即前期开雌花,后期开雄花;但也有少量交替开放顺序是雄→雌→雄,即先开雄花,中期开雌花后再开雄花。植株群体的花期和雌雄花开放相遇时间比单穗长,更有利于传粉受精。落果从花后15d开始出现,并在花后18~25d出现第一次落果高峰,落果最多,开花后51~58d为第二次落果高峰。  相似文献   

18.
从植株群体和单穗调查分析‘草莓荔’雌雄花开花特性,结果表明,‘草莓荔’雌雄花交替开放的顺序主要是雌→雄,即前期开雌花,后期开雄花;但也有少量交替开放顺序是雄→雌→雄,即先开雄花,中期开雌花后再开雄花。植株群体的花期和雌雄花开放相遇时间比单穗长,更有利于传粉受精。落果从花后15d开始出现,并在花后18~25d出现第一次落果高峰,落果最多,开花后51~58d为第二次落果高峰。  相似文献   

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