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1.
冬小麦等4种作物对铵,硝态氮的吸收能力   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
采用水培试验探讨了冬小麦、大豆、油菜和莴笋4种作物对硝、铵态氮的相对吸收能力以及这两种氮源对它们生长发育的影响。试验表明:(1)不同氮源对供试作物的生长发育影响极大。供给硝态氮,这些作物生长发育良好,供给等量的NO^-3和NH^-4(1:1)时,蔬菜作物莴笋生长量下降幅度最大;供给铵态氨,莴笋和大豆极为敏感,供给NO^-3时莴笋吸氮量显著高于供给等氮量NO^-3和NH^+4,莴上麦供给等量NO^-  相似文献   

2.
菹草(Potamogeton crispus)对水中氮,磷的吸收与PH,光照,水温,根/茎生物量比及底泥间隙水与上覆水中营养盐浓度比有关。在PH为8.0-9.5,水温为19-28℃的实验条件下,水中NH4-N浓度低于0.35mg.1^-1左右时,菹草茎,叶优先吸收NO3-N;水中NH4-N浓度大于0.35mg.1^-1左右时,菹草测优先吸收NH4-N这一选择吸收与NH4-N/NO3-N比值无关,强  相似文献   

3.
外加氮源对杉木叶凋落物分解及土壤养分淋失的影响   总被引:37,自引:0,他引:37       下载免费PDF全文
采用原位(In situ)模拟实验方法研究了外加N源对杉木叶凋落物分解及土壤养分淋失的影响,结果表明,施加NH^+4-N时,杉木叶凋落物的失重率与对照(未加任何N的处理)相比,没有差异:而施加NO^-1-N时,使杉木叶凋落物分解速率显著提高(p=0.05,达10%以上,与施加NH^+4-N相比,施加NO^-3-N明显促进了杉木叶凋落物的分解(p=0.05)。施加NH^+4-N和NO3^--N会产生  相似文献   

4.
甜椒幼苗期优先吸收NH_4~+-N,NH_4~+-N对幼苗的促长作用大于NO_3~--N,而结果期则优先吸收NO_3~--N。NH_4~+-N与NO_3~--N均显著增力。叶片中叶绿素含量、光合速率及硝酸还原酶活性,有利于干物质积累,最终提高产量。  相似文献   

5.
不同剂量的N^+离子注入长豇豆种子。豇豆开花结荚后,低剂量N^+离子处理能增加叶片的NR活性,促进NO^-3-N向氨基酸和蛋白质的转化;减少NO^-3-N的积累,提高叶片蛋白质和氨基酸含量。高剂量N^+离子处理抑制官种转化,豇豆结荚后期,叶片NO^-3-N积累增多。  相似文献   

6.
盐胁迫降低无花果振荡培养细胞培养液PH添加质膜H^+-ATPase活性抑制剂Na3VO4则抑制盐诱导的培养液PH下降,表明盐诱导培养液H下降主要是细胞质膜H^+-ATPase活性增加的结果。NaCl处理提高活体细胞质膜H^+-ATPase活性,而降低膜微囊H^+-ATPase活性,培养液中添加Na3VO4 50μmol/L完全抑制盐胁迫下无花果细胞游离脯氨酸只累,但添加更高浓度Na3VO4,则提高  相似文献   

7.
不同氮源对小麦幼苗谷氨酰胺合成酶的影响   总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21  
利用DEAE-纤维素柱层析、酶活性测定、Northern 分子杂交等技术,研究了小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)幼苗的根、叶和离体叶在不同氮源培养条件下谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性和同工酶变化, 以及不同氮源对GS基因转录-GS-m RNA 的影响. 同时与硝酸还原酶(NR)活性进行比较, 结果表明∶当以NH+4 作唯一氮源时,小麦幼苗根谷氨酰胺合成酶(GSr)和叶细胞质谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS1)活性要比以NO-3 作唯一氮源的高.当以NO-3 为唯一氮源时, NO-3 则促进完整叶片和离体叶片叶绿体谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS2)活性. 从转录水平上看,NH+4 促进根GS-m RNA 的合成,而NO-3 促进叶GS-m RNA 的合成  相似文献   

8.
大棚栽培下普通白菜叶片中硝态氮的积累(简报)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
塑料大棚内由于光强减弱和温差小,普通白菜叶片中硝酸还原酶活性相应下降,NO3--N积累增多,并有部分NO2^--N存留,阴雨天更显著,棚外则检测不出NO2--N.采收后放于室温暗处仍有NO2--N积累。  相似文献   

9.
NaCl对水稻谷氨酸合酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶的胁迫作用   总被引:19,自引:1,他引:18  
在NaCl的胁迫下,水稻幼苗根和叶的谷氨酸合酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶的活性随着营养液中的NaCl浓度的升高而降低;游离NH4^+在叶中积累,在根中未见明显变化。与根相比,叶对NaCl的胁迫作用更为敏感。叶的NADH-GOGAT和NADH-GDH活性在NaCl胁迫降低的程度明显大于根。无论是否有NaCl存在,根的NADH-GDH活性明显高于叶。GS/GDH比值分析提示,对对照下,根中的NH4^存在,根的NA  相似文献   

10.
农家庭院沼气渣肥中N-NH_4 ̄+的挥发损失及其防止途径的研究卢明远,郭秀银,梁文举(中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,110015)VolatilizationLossofNH-NfromMethane-generatingManureinRuralHouseholdsandItsPreven-tionmeasures¥LuMingyuan;GuoXiuyin;LiangWenju(InstituteofAppliedEcology,AcademiaSinica,Shenyang110015).ChineseJournalofEcology,1993,12(2):41-42.ThispaperreportsthevolatilizationlossofNH-Nfrommethane—generatingmanureinruralhouse-holdsandsuggestssomeeasilyaccessiblemeasuresforreducingthislossandpreventingatmosphericpol-lution.Keywords:methane—generatingmanure,NH—N  相似文献   

11.
氮素形态对黄檗幼苗生长及氮代谢相关酶类的影响   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
通过改变水培溶液中NH4^+-N和NO3^--N的比例,研究了不同氮素形态对黄檗(Phellodendron amurense)幼苗生长及氮代谢相关酶类的影响。结果表明,硝态氮比例较高的营养供给比铵态氮比例较高的营养供给有利于黄檗幼苗的生长,叶片叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白含量也高。在NH4^+-N/NO3^--N为25/75时黄檗幼苗具有最大生物量。在铵态氮比例大的营养供给下,黄檗幼苗的谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性增强,而在硝态氮比例大的营养供给下幼苗的硝酸还原酶(NR)活性则较高,叶片中的硝态氮较低。营养液的氮素形态及其组成通过影响GS与NR的活性而调控黄檗幼苗的氮素代谢。  相似文献   

12.
莴笋对不同形态氮素的反应   总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12  
探讨了不同形态氮素对莴笋生长发育的影响及其营养特性。结果表明,莴笋幼苗根系对NH4^+ -N的亲和力稍大于NO3^- -N的亲和力;分别供给NO3^- -N+NO3^- -N及NH4^+ -N,莴笋的生物学产量和吸N量均依次递减(分别为100:56.9:12.4,100:48.9:8.6),因此在水培条件下,NO3^- -N是最适合莴笋生长发育的氮源,NH4^+ -N与NO3^- -N各占50%时对莴笋的生长发育已有一定的抑制作用,仅以NH4^+ -N作氮源则莴笋很难生长;NH4^+ -N与NO3^- -N各占50%时,莴笋倾向于吸收较多的NH4^+ -N,而且在培养不同阶段NH4^+/NO3^-吸收比例均大于1,莴笋表现出喜铵性,但NH4^+ -N并非莴笋很适合的氮源;营养液中NO3^- -N不足,主要影响莴笋茎叶的生长,而NH4^+ -N所占比例达50%时,莴笋根系生长受到抑制,且有明显的受害症状;以NO3^- -N作氮源预培养两周,以含微量NO3^- -N的自来水为水源,再单独以NH4^+ -N为氮源,对莴笋生长有极大的促进作用,同时还大幅度降低了体内硝酸盐的含量。尿素作氮源莴笋未出现受害症状,但莴笋的生长发育状况明显劣于其它氮源。  相似文献   

13.
为缓解Al胁迫对杉木人工林更新的影响,本文采用水培模拟Al胁迫,引入Ca、P、NH4+-N、NO3--N营养调控因子,探讨Al胁迫对杉木幼苗根茎生长的影响.结果表明,增加Ca或P浓度,能促进根、茎的正常生长发育,根系的形态特征明显变化,降低组织内MDA含量和POD活性.增加NH4+-N浓度只能促进茎的生长,对根系发育影响不明显.增加NO3--N浓度对根茎生长均无明显的规律性影响.增加NH4+-N和NO3--N浓度,能抑制MDA含量增加,并在一定范围内降低POD活性,但效果不及Ca或P明显.经回归方程拟合,得出本试验条件下营养因子有效缓解Al胁迫的阈值是:Ca/Al≥2.8,P/Al≥4.4,NH4+-N/Al≥4.5(摩尔比).  相似文献   

14.
In the present study, we investigated whether growth and main nutrient ion concentrations of cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) could be increased when plants were subjected to different NH4+/NO3- ratios. Cabbage seedlings The results showed that cabbage growth was reduced by 87% when the proportion of NH4+-N in the nutrient solution was more than 75% compared with a ratio NH4+/NO3- of 0.5:0.5 35 d after transplanting, suggesting a possible toxicity seedling weight, root length, and H2PO4- (P), K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations were all higher than those in plants 0.5 NH4+/NO3-. The present results indicate that an appropriate NH4+/NO3- ratio improves the absorption of other nutrients and maintains a suitable proportion of N assimilation and storage that should benefit plant growth and the quality of cabbage as a vegetable.  相似文献   

15.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown in nutrient solution with low or high N supply (NH4NO3 as N source). To further evaluate the influence of N form and its interaction with the nutrient solution pH, wheat plants were grown with NH 4 + or NO 3 - either in an conventional nutrient solution or in a nutrient solution in which the pH was maintained at pH 6.5 using a pH-stat system. The nutrient solution was inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79RLI, a genetically modified bacterium that contains lux genes activated by a ribosomal promoter. Cell numbers and physiological status of P. fluorescens 2-79RLI (length of the lag phase of bioluminescence) in the rhizosphere were determined at the root tip and in the lateral root zone. Nitrogen deficiency decreased both plant growth and root colonization by P. fluorescens 2-79RLI at the root tip while it had no effect on root colonization in the lateral root zone. The physiological status of P. fluorescens 2-79RLI was not affected by nitrogen deficiency. Ammonium nutrition increased root colonization by P. fluorescens 2-79RLI at the root tip and in the lateral root zone when the pH of the nutrient solution was allowed to change according to the N form provided. Under these conditions, the physiological status of P. fluorescens 2-79RLI was higher in the lateral root zone than at the root tip. In contrast, N source had no effect on root colonization or physiological status of P. fluorescens 2-79RLI in the nutrient solution maintained at pH 6.5. It is concluded that the stimulation of root colonization by NH 4 + in the nutrient solution, not maintained at a constant pH, may be due to increased leakage of solutes into the rhizosphere as a result of impaired exudate retention by high H+ concentration in the rhizosphere or the apoplast. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

16.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Tea (Camellia sinensis) is considered to be acid tolerant and prefers ammonium nutrition, but the interaction between root zone acidity and N form is not properly understood. The present study was performed to characterize their interaction with respect to growth and mineral nutrition. METHODS: Tea plants were hydroponically cultured with NH4+, NO3- and NH(4+) + NO3-, at pH 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0, which were maintained by pH stat systems. KEY RESULTS: Plants supplied with NO3- showed yellowish leaves resembling nitrogen deficiency and grew much slower than those receiving NH4+ or NH(4+) + NO3- irrespective of root-zone pH. Absorption of NH4+ was 2- to 3.4-fold faster than NO3- when supplied separately, and 6- to 16-fold faster when supplied simultaneously. Nitrate-grown plants had significantly reduced glutamine synthetase activity, and lower concentrations of total N, free amino acids and glucose in the roots, but higher concentrations of cations and carboxylates (mainly oxalate) than those grown with NH4+ or NH(4+) + NO3-. Biomass production was largest at pH 5.0 regardless of N form, and was drastically reduced by a combination of high root-zone pH and NO3-. Low root-zone pH reduced root growth only in NO(3-)-fed plants. Absorption of N followed a similar pattern as root-zone pH changed, showing highest uptake rates at pH 5.0. The concentrations of total N, free amino acids, sugars and the activity of GS were generally not influenced by pH, whereas the concentrations of cations and carboxylates were generally increased with increasing root-zone pH. CONCLUSIONS: Tea plants are well-adapted to NH(4+)-rich environments by exhibiting a high capacity for NH4+ assimilation in their roots, reflected in strongly increased key enzyme activities and improved carbohydrate status. The poor plant growth with NO3- was largely associated with inefficient absorption of this N source. Decreased growth caused by inappropriate external pH corresponded well with the declining absorption of nitrogen.  相似文献   

17.
氮素形态对黄檗幼苗生长及氮代谢相关酶类的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过改变水培溶液中NH4+-N和NO3--N的比例, 研究了不同氮素形态对黄檗(Phellodendron amurense)幼苗生长及氮代谢相关酶类的影响。结果表明, 硝态氮比例较高的营养供给比铵态氮比例较高的营养供给有利于黄檗幼苗的生长, 叶片叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白含量也高。在NH4+-N/NO3--N为25/75 时黄檗幼苗具有最大生物量。在铵态氮比例大的营养供给下, 黄檗幼苗的谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性增强,而在硝态氮比例大的营养供给下幼苗的硝酸还原酶(NR)活性则较高, 叶片中的硝态氮较低。营养液的氮素形态及其组成通过影响GS与NR的活性而调控黄檗幼苗的氮素代谢。  相似文献   

18.
To determine if the daily pattern of NO3- and NH4+ uptake is affected by acidity or NO3- : NH4+ ratio of the nutrient solution, non-nodulated soybean plants (Glycine max) were exposed for 21 days to replenished, complete nutrient solutions at pH 6.0, 5.5, 5.0, and 4.5 which contained either 1.0 mM NH4+, 1.0 mM NO3- [correction of NO3+], 0.67 mM NH4+ plus 0.33 mM NO3- (2:1 NH4+ : NO3-) [correction of (2:1 NH3+ : NO4-)], or 0.33 mM NH4+ plus 0.67 mM NO3- (1:2 NH4+ : NO3-). Net uptake rates of NH4+ and NO3- were measured daily by ion chromatography as depletion from the replenished solutions. When NH4+ and NO3- were supplied together, cumulative uptake of total nitrogen was not affected by pH or solution NH4+ : NO3- ratio. The cumulative proportion of nitrogen absorbed as NH4+ decreased with increasing acidity; however, the proportional uptake of NH4+ and NO3- was not constant, but varied day-to-day. This day-to-day variation in relative proportions of NH4+ and NO3- absorbed when NH4+ : NO3- ratio and pH of solution were constant indicates that the regulatory mechanism is not directly competitive. Regardless of the effect of pH on cumulative uptake of NH4+, the specific nitrogen uptake rates from mixed and from individual NH4+ and NO3- sources oscillated between maxima and minima at each pH with average periodicities similar to the expected interval of leaf emergence.  相似文献   

19.
铵态氮和硝态氮营养与大豆幼苗的抗氰呼吸作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在植物体内,NO云还原成NHI是一个耗能很多的生化过程,每还原一个NO。大约要消耗15个ATP分子(Salsac等1987)。植物直接吸收和利用NHi+,可以减少能量消耗,所节约的能量可用于植物的生长。因此,从理论上讲,供NHI的植株要比供NOt的植株能够获得更高的生物产量。然而,对于大多数植物,供NOS的植株常具有更大的生长量和产量。对于这种现象,过去人们一直在矿物质和有机物积累的差异(Robin和Salsac1985)、根际的酸化程度(Ruftv等1983,Tolley-Henry和Rapen1986)、NHt有害浓度的积累(Haynes和Goh1978)、对光合作用的…  相似文献   

20.
The NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) uptake kinetics by Typha latifolia L. were studied after prolonged hydroponics growth at constant pH 3.5, 5.0, 6.5 or 7.0 and with NH(4)(+) or NO(3)(-) as the sole N-source. In addition, the effects of pH and N source on H(+) extrusion and adenine nucleotide content were examined. Typha latifolia was able to grow with both N sources at near neutral pH levels, but the plants had higher relative growth rates, higher tissue concentrations of the major nutrients, higher contents of adenine nucleotides, and higher affinity for uptake of inorganic nitrogen when grown on NH(4)(+). Growth almost completely stopped at pH 3.5, irrespective of N source, probably as a consequence of pH effects on plasma membrane integrity and H(+) influx into the root cells. Tissue concentrations of the major nutrients and adenine nucleotides were severely reduced at low pH, and the uptake capacity for inorganic nitrogen was low, and more so for NO(3)(-)-fed than for NH(4)(+)-fed plants. The maximum uptake rate, V(max), was highest for NH(4)(+) at pH 6.5 (30.9 micro mol h(-1) g(-1) root dry weight) and for NO(3)(-) at pH 5.0 (31.7 micro mol h(-1) g(-1) root dry weight), and less than 10% of these values at pH 3.5. The affinity for uptake as estimated by the half saturation constant, K((1/2)), was lowest at low pH for NH(4)(+) and at high pH for NO(3)(-). The changes in V(max) and K((1/2)) were thus consistent with the theory of increasing competition between cations and H(+) at low pH and between anions and OH(-) at high pH. C(min) was independent of pH, but slightly higher for NO(3)(-) than for NH(4)(+) (C(min)(NH(4)(+)) approximately 0.8 mmol m(-3); C(min)(NO(3)(-)) approximately 2.8 mmol m(-3)). The growth inhibition at low pH was probably due to a reduced nutrient uptake and a consequential limitation of growth by nutrient stress. Typha latifolia seems to be well adapted to growth in wetland soils where NH(4)(+) is the prevailing nitrogen compound, but very low pH levels around the roots are very stressful for the plant. The common occurrence of T. latifolia in very acidic areas is probably only possible because of the plant's ability to modify pH-conditions in the rhizosphere.  相似文献   

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