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目的 研究低出生体重儿的肠道菌群分布情况和肠道屏障功能的变化。方法 以低出生体重儿(1 500 g≤体重<2 500 g)为研究对象,采用16S rRNA荧光定量PCR技术和JY-DLT肠道屏障功能分析系统检测低出生体重儿出生后第7天粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠埃希菌、肠球菌4种细菌的含量以及血清中的二胺氧化酶、D-乳酸和细菌内毒素的浓度,比较正常新生儿与低出生体重儿肠道菌群和肠道屏障功能的差异,分析不同喂养方式、并发症对低出生体重儿肠道菌群及肠道屏障功能的影响。结果 (1)低出生体重儿组粪便中大肠埃希菌、肠球菌、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌含量均明显低于健康新生儿组(P<0.05),血清中二胺氧化酶、D-乳酸高于健康新生儿组(P<0.05),细菌内毒素水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)母乳喂养组低出生体重儿粪便中双歧杆菌和乳杆菌含量明显高于乳制品喂养组(P<0.05),且血清中二胺氧化酶和和D-乳酸含量低于乳制品喂养组(P<0.05),细菌内毒素水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)无并发症组低出生体重儿粪便中乳杆菌和双歧杆菌含量明显高于有并发症组(P<0.05),其血清中二胺氧化酶、D-乳酸和细菌内毒素水平均低于有并发症的低出生体重儿(P<0.05)。结论 低出生体重儿的肠道菌群和肠道屏障功能都与正常新生儿存在差异,母乳喂养有助于肠道有益菌的定植和肠道屏障功能的恢复。 相似文献
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目的以昆明小鼠为实验对象,观察富硒猴头菇对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法设高、中和低3个剂量组和1个普通猴头菇对照组,1个蒸馏水对照组,搜集粪便,用细菌16S rDNA荧光定量PCR法测定3大类肠道菌的数量。结果富硒猴头菇冻干粉灌胃后,中剂量组和高剂量组小鼠肠道中大肠埃希菌明显减少,低、中剂量组双歧杆菌增多,高剂量组乳酸菌增多,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。且断药3 d后,中剂量组的大肠埃希菌、双歧杆菌数量,高剂量组的大肠埃希菌、乳酸菌数量与正常对照组相比差异仍有统计学意义。结论富硒猴头菇对小鼠肠道菌群有明显调节作用。 相似文献
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目的 监测低出生体重儿肠道细菌分布情况,并分析影响低出生体重儿肠道微生态平衡的因素。方法 以低出生体重儿(1 500 g≤体重<2 500 g)为研究对象,采用16S rRNA荧光定量PCR技术检测新生儿出生后第1天、3天、7天粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠埃希菌和肠球菌4种细菌的含量,比较正常新生儿与低出生体重儿肠道菌群构建的差异;分析不同胎龄、体重、喂养方式、疾病状态等因素对低出生体重儿肠道微生态平衡的影响。结果 (1)低出生体重儿组和健康新生儿组粪便中大肠埃希菌、肠球菌、乳杆菌和双歧杆菌含量与婴儿日龄呈明显正相关关系,且低出生体重儿组婴儿粪便4种细菌含量均明显低于健康对照组(P<0.05)。(2)2 000 g≤体重<2 500 g组低出生体重儿大肠埃希菌和肠球菌含量在各日龄明显高于体重<2 000 g组新生儿(P<0.05),双歧杆菌和乳杆菌含量在3日龄和7日龄阶段明显高于体重<2 000 g组(P<0.05),而1日龄阶段差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)母乳喂养组在3日龄和7日龄阶段双歧杆菌和乳杆菌含量明显高于乳制品喂养组(P<0.05)。(4)无并发症患儿组在3日龄和7日龄阶段乳杆菌和双歧杆菌含量明显高于有并发症组(P<0.05)。结论 低出生体重儿肠道菌群构建规律异于正常新生儿,尤其是乳杆菌和双歧杆菌的定植差异更为突出;低出生体重儿的出生体重与肠道乳杆菌和双歧杆菌的含量呈正相关;母乳喂养对低出生体重儿肠道中益生菌的定植有明显的优势;新生儿相关疾病直接影响低出生体重儿肠道微生态的构建,可导致其胃肠道生态系统的异常;16S rRNA荧光定量PCR技术适用于评价婴幼儿肠道微生态状况。 相似文献
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目的 分析结直肠癌患者与健康人的粪便微生物群落,以及结直肠癌组织与癌旁组织菌群差异,期望发现肠道内菌群差异与结直肠癌的相关性。方法 选取2021年9月至2022年10月包头市中心医院收治的结直肠癌患者和健康者,共收集60例样本,其中收集结直肠癌患者粪便11份,记为A组。采集结直肠癌组织20份,对应的癌旁组织20份,分别记为B组、C组。同时收集健康人粪便9份,记为D组。送测序公司进行菌群测序,分析A组与D组、B组与C组之间菌群的组成及多样性情况。结果 共获得4 335646条高质量扩增序列,按97%的序列相似度进行归并,与Greengenes数据库进行物种注释对比,生成特征性序列OTU和丰度数据表格。多样性稀释曲线趋于平缓,表明本次测序覆盖了绝大多数物种。在门水平上,优势菌在A、B、C、D组中大致一致,其中壁厚菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)占据了肠道菌群的90%以上,A组与D组、B组与C组间未见相对丰度有差异的细菌。在属水平上,Lachnobacterium在D组相对丰度高于A组,且差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.309,P=0.027),瘤胃球菌(Ruminococcus)在A组相对丰度高于D组,且差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.309,P=0.027)。Chao1指数反映物种丰富度,Shannon指数反映物种多样性。A组的Chao1指数低于D组,且差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.001,P=0.003)。Chao1指数在B组与C组间差异无统计学意义。对于Shannon指数,A组与D组、B组与C组间差异均无统计学意义。对于菌群beta多样性,A组、D组之间菌群的beta多样性上存在着显著结构差异,且差异具有统计学意义(F=2.684,P=0.004),但B组、C组之间beta多样性差异无统计学意义。对于菌群差异物种筛选,A、D两组间相比,结直肠癌组(A组)出现6个差异物种,分别为瘤胃球菌属(g_Ruminococcus)、 f_Haliangiaceae、 f_[Tissierellaceae]、梭杆菌门(p_Fusobacteria)、梭杆菌目(o_Fusobacteriales)、梭杆菌纲(c_Fusobacteriia)。在健康对照组(D组)中,鉴定出14个差异物种,分别为厚壁菌门(p_Firmicutes)、梭菌目(o_Clostridiales)、梭状芽胞杆菌纲(c_Clostridia)、g_Lachnobacterium、疣微菌科-瘤胃球菌属(f_Ruminococcaceae_g_Ruminococcus)、毛螺菌属(g_Lachnospira)、f_Christensenellaceae、交替单胞菌目(o_Alteromonadales)、柔膜菌纲(c_Mollicutes)、软壁菌门(p_Tenericutes)、 o_RF39、嗜热油菌纲(c_Thermoleophilia)、副球菌属(g_Paracoccus)、诺卡菌科(f_Nocardiaceae)。对于组织样本,经过LEfSe分析后,未见结直肠癌组织与癌旁组织间存在差异物种。结论 在门、属水平上优势物种和相对丰度存在差异,其中梭杆菌可能是参与结直肠癌的发生菌群。结直肠癌患者菌群的丰富度显著降低,患者与健康者相比,存在菌群群落的结构分离,同时结直肠癌患者的产短链脂肪酸的细菌相对丰度显著减少,以及机会致病菌的增多,提示结直肠癌患者存在一定的菌群失衡现象。结直肠癌组织与癌旁组织的菌群相对丰度、多样性未见明显的改变,菌群的结构也无明显分离,提示菌群在癌与癌旁组织之间可能不存在差异。 相似文献
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目的 探讨精神分裂症患者肠道菌群多样性变化。方法 收集16例精神分裂症患者(schizophrenia,Sch)与18例健康者(healthy donor,HD)的粪便样本,提取肠道菌群基因组,扩增16S rRNA基因,运用Illumina平台进行测序。对测序结果进行多样性和物种组成差异分析。结果 精神分裂症患者组肠道菌群在门、纲、目、科、属、种、分类操作单元(operational taxonomic units,OTUs)水平的群落种类数目少于健康对照组。Alpha多样性指标中患者组的Ace指数(226.58±31.67)、Chao1指数(222.29±34.45)和Shannon指数(2.66±0.69)明显低于健康对照组(293.63±56.07、302.2±57.99、3.59±0.36),差异均有统计学意义(Ps<0.001),而Simpson指数(0.20±0.17)明显高于健康对照组(0.07±0.03),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);Beta多样性分析显示两组研究对象肠道菌群样本可被鉴别区分。精神分裂症患者组与健康对照组样本在门和属水平上肠道菌群组成和含量有差异,其中患者组拟杆菌门和软壁菌门占比明显低于健康组,差异有统计学意义(21.76% vs.27.05%,P=0.008;0.00% vs. 0.20%,P=0.033),而放线菌门明显高于健康组(13.52% vs. 2.88%,P=0.020),差异有统计学意义;患者组拟杆菌属和柔嫩梭菌属占比明显低于健康组(9.15% vs. 20.60%,P=0.031;3.29% vs. 9.58%,P=0.005),差异有统计学意义,而双歧杆菌属、普雷沃菌属和巨单胞菌属明显高于健康组(10.89% vs.1.78%,P=0.025;10.88% vs.1.98%,P=0.046;10.78% vs.2.69%,P=0.026),差异有统计学意义。结论 基于16S rRNA的高通量测序有助于分析精神分裂症患者肠道菌群多样性变化,为研究肠道菌群与精神分裂症的关系提供新的思路和理论依据。 相似文献
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目的 探讨克罗恩病(CD)患者肠道菌群多样性变化。方法 收集8例确诊CD患者的粪便标本(CD组),以同期8例健康人群粪便作为对照组(CN组)。收集新鲜粪便样本提取DNA,并将样本进行PCR扩增,最终进行16S rRNA数据分析。结果 测序共获得990 890条高质量序列,CD组和CN组多样性指数Shannon 和Simpson比较差异有统计学意义(t=‒3.802和t=‒2.886,P<0.05)。OTUs(可操作分类学单位)比较韦恩图显示CD组共有7 437株菌种,而CN组共有7 744株菌种,其中3 438株菌种重叠。LDA差异贡献分析图提示CD患者肠道菌群以芽胞杆菌、变形菌、乳杆菌目、放线菌目、异常球菌纲、栖热菌目、假单胞菌目和交替单胞菌目等为主要特征差异细菌菌类,而CN组则以双歧杆菌目及双歧杆菌科,Odoribacteraceae、Christensenellaceae、弧菌目及弧菌科等为主要特征差异细菌菌类。据物种进化树的样本菌落分布图显示:两组样本厚壁菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门、疣微菌门、酸杆菌门和螺旋菌门占主要门类分布。CD组及CN组细菌科类分析结果:毛螺菌科、韦荣球菌科、瘤胃菌科、丹毒丝菌科、红蝽菌科、紫单胞菌科、双歧杆菌科、普雷沃菌科、拟杆菌科、产碱菌科和链球菌科在两组样本中共同存在。同时从该进化树可发现,CD组中红蝽菌科、产碱菌科、丹毒丝菌科和链球菌科相对于CN组优势丰度分布,而普雷沃菌科、拟杆菌科和双歧杆菌科比CN组丰度明显减少。此外,Dethiosulfovibrionaceae、丙酸杆菌科、盐单胞菌科、希万菌科等为CD组特有菌种。结论 CD组的菌群多样性明显少于CN组,CD组有其特有优势菌群。 相似文献
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目的 通过16S rRNA高通量基因测序方法对IgA肾病患者与健康人的肠道菌群进行比较。 方法 纳入生活于同一地区的40例IgA肾病患者与10例健康人,收集研究对象的新鲜粪便样本,提取粪便细菌总DNA,通过PCR扩增后上机测序,然后进行可操作分类单元聚类、物种分类分析及Alpha多样性分析、Beta多样性分析,最后比较两组之间的肠道菌群差异。 结果 与健康人相比,IgA肾病患者肠道菌群丰富度指数(Ace、Chao1)下降(u=2.308,P=0.033;u=2.259,P=0.039),多样性指数(Shannon、Simpson)升高(u=5.370,P结论 IgA肾病患者存在肠道菌群失调,显著减少的肠杆菌科的未知属可能是IgA肾病的特征菌,其对机体免疫的影响及在IgA肾病发生发展中的作用尚不清楚,进一步研究可能为IgA肾病的防治提供新的靶点。 相似文献
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[背景] 人体能量稳态失衡表现为体重过轻、超重和肥胖,肠道菌群与人体能量稳态的维持有关,但不同身体质量指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)人群的肠道菌群特征仍需进一步探究。[目的] 基于美国肠道计划公开数据库,解析4类BMI人群肠道菌群的特征,并探究4类BMI人群肠道菌群共存网络特征及差异,为基于肠道菌群来干预肥胖及体重过轻等不健康状态提供新的理论依据。[方法] 从美国肠道计划数据集中筛选具有BMI信息的肠道菌群样本,并根据世界卫生组织规定的BMI划分标准将筛选后的样本分为4类:体重过轻(BMI<18.5 kg/m2),正常体重(18.5 kg/m22),超重(25 kg/m22),肥胖(BMI>30 kg/m2);通过计算和比较肠道菌群的α多样性和β多样性探究4类BMI人群肠道菌群的整体结构特征及差异;通过多元线性回归模型对不同BMI分类与肠道菌群进行相关性分析,并且将地域、年龄、性别因素作为混杂因素加入到模型中进行校正;采用SparCC分别计算4类BMI人群肠道菌群中菌属相关性,并分别构建肠道菌群共存网络。[结果] 经过Wilcoxon秩和检验,发现体重过轻、超重、肥胖人群的肠道菌群α多样性都显著低于正常体重人群;β多样性分析结果表明4类BMI人群肠道菌群的整体结构存在显著差异;4类BMI人群肠道中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)的相对含量无显著差异;通过MaAsLin分析,并且将地域、年龄、性别因素作为混杂因素加入到模型中进行校正,共得到49个与BMI类型显著相关的物种;4类BMI人群肠道菌群共存网络的拓扑结构具有一定差异,体重过轻和正常体重人群肠道菌群共存网络的复杂度较高,超重和肥胖人群肠道菌群共存网络的复杂度较低。[结论] 4类BMI人群肠道菌群的多样性、整体结构和共存网络间均存在差异。 相似文献
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目的 探究绞股蓝对T2DM db/db小鼠肠道微生物群(GM)多样性、肠黏膜屏障功能及其对血糖水平的影响。方法 选取4~5周龄的雄性db/m+小鼠作为正常对照组,对同龄的糖尿病模型雄性db/db小鼠随机分为模型组、二甲双胍组[0.20 g/(kg·d)]、绞股蓝组[0.78 g/(kg·d)],每组6只。药物干预持续5周,每周记录小鼠体重、饮水量和空腹血糖(FBG)情况,5周后检测FBG、糖化血清蛋白(GSP)和空腹血清胰岛素(FINS)、血清脂多糖(LPS)、二氧化铵(DAO)水平。小鼠结肠组织使用免疫组化染色技术检测小鼠结肠组织中紧密连接蛋白ZO-1和Occludin的表达水平及其分布特征。HE染色观察小鼠结肠的病理变化,同时收集小鼠结肠内粪便,应用16S rRNA基因测序技术检测各组小鼠粪便GM结构变化。结果 与正常对照组比较,模型组小鼠体重、进食水量以及DAO、FBG、FINS、LPS、GSP水平均显著升高(F=119.392、84.719、 9.979、 72.573、 58.599、 2.894、 8.462, P<0.001、<0.001、<0.010、<0.001、<0.001、<0.050、<0.050)。与模型组相比,二甲双胍可以显著改善小鼠的饮水量(F=84.719,P<0.050),显著降低小鼠体重、FBG、血清LPS、DAO水平(F=175.821、72.573、2.894、9.979,P<0.050、<0.001、<0.050、<0.001);二甲双胍可降低小鼠GSP水平,同时升高小鼠血清FINS水平,但差异均无统计学意义。与模型组比较,绞股蓝组可降低db/db小鼠饮水量,但差异无统计学意义;显著降低小鼠体重以及FBG、FINS、DAO、GSP水平(F=175.821、72.573、58.599、9.979、8.462,P<0.010、<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、<0.010);降低小鼠血清LPS水平,但差异无统计学意义;绞股蓝组GM有益菌的相对丰度增加。结论 绞股蓝可以显著改善db/db糖尿病小鼠的糖代谢;可改善糖尿病小鼠GM丰度和肠黏膜屏障,保护肠道功能;可以显著改善糖尿病小鼠症状。 相似文献
11.
Impact of uranium (U) ore and soluble uranium (at pH 4.0) contamination on agricultural soil bacterial diversity was assessed by using laboratory microcosms for one year. Diversity and abundance of metabolically active bacterial populations in periodically collected microcosm’s samples were analyzed by extracting total RNA and preparation of cDNA followed by analysis of 16S rRNA gene by DGGE and real time PCR. DGGE analysis revealed prominent shift of soil bacterial population due to uranium ore contamination within 12 months while uranium ore along with soluble U completely destroyed the soil bacterial diversity within first six months. Real time PCR based analysis indicated 100–200 folds increase in 16S rRNA gene copies of total as well as individual bacterial taxa in both U ore amended and unamended soils in first six months while increase in incubation period upto 12 months showed reduction of the same only in U ore amended soil. Antagonistic effect of U ore contamination on soil bacterial diversity indicated the severe impact of U mining likely to have on nearby ecosystems. Role of U at acidic pH in destroying the diversity completely is noteworthy as it corroborated the disastrous consequence of acid mine drainage generated from U mine sites. 相似文献
12.
Occurrence and community composition of fast-growing Mycobacterium in soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Leys NM Ryngaert A Bastiaens L Wattiau P Top EM Verstraete W Springael D 《FEMS microbiology ecology》2005,51(3):375-388
Fast-growing mycobacteria are considered essential members of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) degrading bacterial community in PAH-contaminated soils. To study the natural role and diversity of the Mycobacterium community in contaminated soils, a culture-independent fingerprinting method based on PCR combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was developed. New PCR primers were selected which specifically targeted the 16S rRNA genes of fast-growing mycobacteria, and single-band DGGE profiles of amplicons were obtained for most Mycobacterium strains tested. Strains belonging to the same species revealed identical DGGE fingerprints, and in most cases, but not all, these fingerprints were typical for one species, allowing partial differentiation between species in a Mycobacterium community. Mycobacterium strains inoculated in soil were detected with a detection limit of 10(6) CFU g(-1) of soil using the new primer set as such, or approximately 10(2) CFU g(-1) in a nested PCR approach combining eubacterial and the Mycobacterium specific primers. Using the PCR-DGGE method, different species could be individually recognized in a mixed Mycobacterium community. This approach was used to rapidly assess the Mycobacterium community structure of several PAH-contaminated soils of diverse origin with different overall contamination profiles, pollution concentrations and chemical-physical soil characteristics. In the non-contaminated soil, most of the recovered 16SrRNA gene sequence did not match with previous described PAH-degrading Mycobacterium strains. In most PAH-contaminated soils, mycobacteria were detected which were closely related to fast-growing species such as Mycobacterium frederiksbergense and Mycobacterium austroafricanum, species that are known to include strains with PAH-degrading capacities. Interestingly, 16S rRNA genes related to M. tusciae sequences, a Mycobacterium species so far not reported in relation to biodegradation of PAHs, were detected in all contaminated soils. 相似文献
13.
目的建立CAR杆菌的PCR监测方法 ,筛查国内部分实验动物样本中CAR杆菌携带状况。方法利用CAR杆菌的特有16SrRNA基因序列片段267bp设计引物,通过从日本实验动物中央研究所获取的CAR标准株DNA,建立实验动物CAR杆菌16SrRNA基因PCR监测方法。结果利用建立的CAR杆菌16SrRNA基因PCR监测方法对国内455份实验动物样本进行筛查,未检出CAR杆菌感染。结论建立了敏感性好,特异性高的实验动物CAR杆菌PCR监测方法 ,未见动物携带CAR杆菌。 相似文献
14.
The detection of Helicobacter species by genus-specific polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was compared with that by species-specific PCR in murine intestinal samples. Results suggest that, in samples containing multiple Helicobacter species, genus-specific PCR-DGGE may fail to detect all Helicobacter species present and that this relates to the initial template DNA ratio. 相似文献
15.
16.
Tacão M Moura A Alves A Henriques I Saavedra MJ Correia A 《FEMS microbiology letters》2005,252(1):11-18
The DNA sequence of the gyrB gene is a suitable phylogenetic marker for bacterial systematics. In this study, the diversity of Aeromonas spp. present in environmental samples was assessed by a PCR combined with DGGE approach. PCR primers targeting the gyrB gene of aeromonads were designed and the resulting amplicons were analyzed by DGGE. The gyrB-DGGE analysis was evaluated with Aeromonas isolates and reference strains allowing discrimination of the majority of strains. The gyrB-DGGE analysis is a powerful tool to monitor the presence and evaluate the diversity of aeromonads in complex samples, as is the case of water from a wastewater treatment plant. 相似文献
17.
Artefacts consisting of concatenated oligonucleotide primer sequences were generated during sub-optimally performing polymerase chain reaction amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA genes using a commonly employed primer pair. These artefacts were observed during amplification for terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of complex microbial communities, and after amplification from DNA from a microbial culture. Similar repetitive motifs were found in gene sequences deposited in GenBank. The artefact can be avoided by using different primers for the amplification reaction. 相似文献
18.
S. S. CHARAN S. D. GAVHALE C. V. TIKHE N. S. CHARAN B. ANGEL V. JOSHI M. S. PATOLE Y. S. SHOUCHE 《Medical and veterinary entomology》2016,30(3):264-277
Dengue viruses are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female aedine mosquitoes. Differences in the composition and structure of bacterial communities in the midguts of mosquitoes may affect the vector's ability to transmit the disease. To investigate and analyse the role of midgut bacterial communities in viral transmission, midgut bacteria from three species, namely Stegomyia aegypti (= Aedes aegypti), Fredwardsius vittatus (= Aedes vittatus) and Stegomyia albopicta (= Aedes albopictus) (all: Diptera: Culicidae), from dengue‐endemic and non‐endemic areas of Rajasthan, India were compared. Construction and analyses of six 16S rRNA gene libraries indicated that Serratia spp.‐related phylotypes dominated all clone libraries of the three mosquito species from areas in which dengue is not endemic. In dengue‐endemic areas, phylotypes related to Aeromonas, Enhydrobacter spp. and uncultivated bacterium dominated the clone libraries of S. aegypti, F. vittatus and S. albopicta, respectively. Diversity indices analysis and real‐time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction assays showed bacterial diversity and abundance in the midguts of S. aegypti to be higher than in the other two species. Significant differences observed among midgut bacterial communities of the three mosquito species from areas in which dengue is and is not endemic, respectively, may be related to the vectorial capacity of mosquitoes to carry dengue viruses and, hence, to the prevalence of disease in some areas. 相似文献
19.
A quantitative real-time PCR method for in planta monitoring of Phytophthora infestans growth 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Llorente B Bravo-Almonacid F Cvitanich C Orlowska E Torres HN Flawiá MM Alonso GD 《Letters in applied microbiology》2010,51(6):603-610
Aim: To develop a real‐time PCR‐based strategy for the detection of Paenibacillus larvae vegetative cells and spores to improve the diagnosis and the screening of American foulbrood (AFB), the most harmful pathology of honeybee brood. Methods and Results: A real‐time PCR that allowed selective identification and quantification of P. larvae 16S rRNA sequence was developed. Using standard samples quantified by flow cytometry, detection limits of 37·5 vegetative cells ml?1 and 10 spores ml?1 were determined. Compared to spread plate method, this real‐time PCR‐based strategy allowed, in only 2 h, the detection of P. larvae in contaminated honeys. No false‐positive results were obtained. Moreover, its detection limit was 100 times lower than that of the culture method (2 vs 200 spores g?1 of honey). Conclusion: A rapid, selective, with low detection limit, sensitive and specific method to detect and quantify vegetative cells and spores of P. larvae is now available. Significance and Impact of Study: In addition to honey samples, this real‐time PCR‐based strategy may be also applied to confirm AFB diagnosis in honeybee brood and to screen other apiary supplies and products (bees, pollen, wax), thus broadening the control of AFB spreading. 相似文献