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1.
长江口潮汐大型底栖动物群落的初步研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
通过对长江河口崇明东滩潮沟系统与大型底栖无脊椎动物进行取样调查,研究了潮沟在不同生境的底栖动物群落及其多样性,分析了潮沟生境异质性与底栖动物群落的关系。研究发现:①潮沟剖面中出现明显的动物群落分带现象,从潮沟底、潮沟边滩到草滩,底栖动物种类、生活型组成和生活类群比例反映了河口潮滩潮沟栖动物生态系列;②密度和生物量的分布皆为潮沟边滩>草滩>潮沟底,但密度与生物量的面上群/面下群值格局却有不同,说明了密度和生物量的优势生活型和生活类群随潮沟生境的差异而变化;③潮沟系统3种生境的多样性指数D,H′和J值均为草滩>潮沟边滩>潮沟底,是潮沟系统生境结构分化的结果。潮沟底和潮沟边滩等特殊生境的存在,提高了淤泥质河口潮滩的生境异质性,说明了潮沟系统在维持河口生态系统底栖动物物种多样性中的重要作用。  相似文献   

2.
长江口潮沟大型底栖动物群落的初步研究   总被引:19,自引:2,他引:17       下载免费PDF全文
通过对长江口崇明东滩潮沟系统与大型底栖无脊椎动物进行取样调查 ,研究了潮沟不同生境的底栖动物群落及其多样性 ,分析了潮沟生境异质性与底栖动物群落的关系。研究发现 :①潮沟剖面中出现明显的动物群落分带现象 ,从潮沟底、潮沟边滩到草滩 ,底栖动物种类、生活型组成和生活类群比例反映了河口潮滩潮沟底栖动物生态系列 ;②密度和生物量的分布皆为潮沟边滩 >草滩 >潮沟底 ,但密度与生物量的面上群 /面下群值格局却有不同 ,说明了密度和生物量的优势生活型和生活类群随潮沟生境的差异而变化 ;③潮沟系统 3种生境的多样性指数D ,H′和J值均为草滩 >潮沟边滩 >潮沟底 ,是潮沟系统生境结构分化的结果。潮沟底和潮沟边滩等特殊生境的存在 ,提高了淤泥质河口潮滩的生境异质性 ,说明了潮沟系统在维持河口生态系统底栖动物物种多样性中的重要作用。  相似文献   

3.
2003年11月至2004年8月,在浙江温州灵昆岛选取了1997年围垦的潮沟断面,进行了潮沟大型底栖动物群落和物种生态位研究。主要研究结果如下:共发现大型底栖动物33种,隶属于6门8纲20科,主要是软体动物、节肢动物和环节动物的多毛类;在潮沟的不同生境即草滩(GF)、边滩(BaC)和潮沟底(BoC),物种的组成和数量有所不同,草滩发现的大型底栖动物为18种,边滩23种,潮沟底13种。生物多样性的大小顺序为:Margalef物种多样性指数:BaC〉GF〉BoC;Shannon—Wiener多样性指数:BaC〉Boc〉GF;Pielou均匀度指数:BoC〉BaC〉GF;Simpson优势度指数:GF〉BoC〉BaC。对定量取样中获得的21个物种进行了生态位宽度以及生态位重叠值分析,结果表明短拟沼螺、13本沙蚕和纽虫的生态位较宽。以密度4次开方数据为基础利用欧氏距离系数进行群落物种的系统聚类和非度量多维标度2维排序分析,发现21个物种可以分为3大类,即广布种、边滩种和偶见种。研究表明,物种生态位宽度、物种之间的生态位重叠值与物种的分布及数量密切相关,反映了物种对各种生境资源的利用能力的强弱。  相似文献   

4.
灵昆岛围垦区内外滩涂大型底栖动物生物多样性   总被引:10,自引:4,他引:10  
2006年2月至2006年11月在灵昆岛东滩湿地选择1997年围垦潮沟滩涂以及围垦区外的自然滩涂作为样地,开展了自然滩涂与围垦潮沟滩涂大型底栖动物群落生物多样性比较的调查研究.共发现大型底栖动物36种,隶属7门8纲22科,这些物种中软体动物、节肢动物和环节动物共占物种总数的83.33%.其中在围垦区内的4个样点共发现大型底栖动物27种,在自然滩涂上的4个样点共发现大型底栖动物32种.通过对定量取样获得的各群落大型底栖动物密度数据进行计算,得到了各种大型底栖动物的生态位宽度和围垦区内外不同生境中大型底栖动物群落生物多样性指数(Shannon-Weiner指数 H'、Pielou指数 J、Simpson指数 D),结果显示围垦滩涂潮沟上的光滩和边滩以及自然滩涂上的高潮带和中潮带滩涂的Shannon-Weiner多样性指数 H'较高,Simpson优势度指数D则相对较低,表明了这些位点的大型底栖动物的多样性程度较高,而长满互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)位点的Shannon-Weiner多样性指数 H'和Pielou均匀度指数 J都要小于受潮水作用相似的邻近滩涂,但Simpson优势度指数D却相对较高,这表明互花米草入侵已改变了原来的大型底栖动物群落结构.运用相似度指数Jc、成对t检验以及聚类和排序等多种统计学方法对围垦滩涂潮沟和自然滩涂上的各个位点进行了群落相似性分析,结果表明潮位是影响自然滩涂上大型底栖动物分布的一个重要因素,不同潮位之间的大型底栖动物群落差异比较明显.相对而言,围垦区内各生境之间的大型底栖动物群落分化程度较低,即围垦导致潮位因素对大型底栖动物的分布的影响降低.  相似文献   

5.
温州湾天河滩涂大型底栖动物群落分布与季节变化   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
2003年11月至2004年8月,在温州湾天河潮间带按季节取样对大型底栖动物群落进行了研究.共发现大型底栖动物38种,隶属7门8纲23科,主要为软体动物、节肢动物和环节动物多毛类.物种获得数季节间差异不显著(F3,9=1.76,P>0.05),但潮位间种类获得数差异极显著(F3,9=9.56,P<0.01).潮上带、高潮带、中潮带和低潮带的密度、生物量分别为:144.50±14.24 ind./m2,58.56±13.23 g/m2;171.00±16.52ind./m2,40.57±12.60 g/m2;182.50±39.38 ind./m2,50.26±10.57 g/m2和94.00±28.88 ind./m2,16.55±7.27 g/m2.密度的季节间差异和潮位差异均不显著(F3,9=2.78和F3,9=2.14,P>0.05),而生物量在季节和潮位间差异极显著(F3,9=16.72和F3,9=22.24,P<0.01).Margalef物种丰富度指数和Shannon-Weiner多样性指数4季平均数表现为:中潮带>高潮带>低潮带>潮上带;Pielou均匀度指数平均数表现为:低潮带>中潮带>高潮带>潮上带;Simpson优势度指数平均数表现为:中潮带<高潮带<低潮带<潮上带.对4季4潮带16个群落进行聚类和排序分析可以看出,中高潮带界限不明显,低潮带和潮上带的界限明显.分析表明:生境条件的不同是大型底栖动物群落组成差异的主要原因,同一站位大型底栖动物群落物种构成数各季节之间差异不显著[动物学报52(1):45-52,2006].  相似文献   

6.
于2008年和2009年的黄河枯水期(5月)和丰水期(8月),在黄河入海口水域选取14个站位进行了4个航次的大型底栖动物调查。结果表明:共获得大型底栖动物64种,其中软体动物25种、节肢动物(甲壳动物)23种、环节动物(多毛类)7种、底栖鱼类4种、腔肠动物2种以及腕足动物、棘皮动物和螠类各1种;软体动物和甲壳动物是构成该水域底栖动物的主要类群。该水域大型底栖动物栖息密度和生物量均较低,分别为(76.43·10.71)ind·m–2和(9.44·2.04)g·m–2;栖息密度多毛类最高,软体动物和甲壳动物次之,其他类群最低;生物量其他类群最高,软体动物和多毛类次之,甲壳动物最低。丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数分别为0.90·0.02、1.45·0.02和0.77·0.02。黄河口水域环境质量以轻度污染为主,丰水期质量优于枯水期,2009年优于2008年。  相似文献   

7.
庙岛群岛南部海域大型底栖动物多样性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了解庙岛群岛南部海域大型底栖动物群落多样性变化,我们在该海域设置了11个站位,于2012年11月、2013年2月、5月、8月共进行了4个航次的调查,对该海域大型底栖动物的生物多样性变化、种类组成以及优势种等进行了分析。在研究海域共采集到大型底栖动物164种,包括环节动物多毛类82种,节肢动物甲壳类38种,软体动物30种,棘皮动物9种,其他类群5种。各站位种类数在6–42种之间。物种数冬夏较多、春季较少。各站位Shannon-Wiener多样性指数未呈现明显的季节性变化;均匀度指数春夏最高;而丰富度指数春夏两季最低。沉积物中有机质与叶绿素含量是影响大型底栖动物多样性的主要因素。丰度–生物量比较曲线(ABC曲线)结果表明,位于庙岛与北长山岛之间的C13站、毗邻庙岛的C17站和C28站的底栖动物群落受到了中等程度的扰动,其余站位未受到明显扰动。  相似文献   

8.
泉州湾蟳埔潮间带大型底栖动物群落的时空分布   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
卓异  蔡立哲  郭涛  傅素晶  陈昕韡  吴辰 《生态学报》2014,34(5):1244-1252
为了比较泉州湾蟳埔潮间带沙滩、互花米草滩和牡蛎石泥滩3种生境(3个潮层)的大型底栖动物群落,2011年4月至2012年1月对3种生境的大型底栖动物进行了季度定量取样。在3种生境共获得85种大型底栖动物,其中环节动物39种,软体动物20种,节肢动物21种,刺胞动物、扁形动物、纽虫动物、星虫动物和脊索动物各1种。多维标度排序(MDS)分析表明,春季和冬季泉州湾蟳埔潮间带3种生境的大型底栖动物群落相似性较低;夏季和秋季互花米草滩与牡蛎石泥滩的大型底栖动物群落相似性较高,而与沙滩的大型底栖动物群落相似性较低。沙滩大型底栖动物群落的季节变化较明显,其次是牡蛎石泥滩,而互花米草滩大型底栖动物群落的季节变化较不明显。大型底栖动物栖息密度和生物量随着潮层降低而增加。单变量双因素方差分析(Two-way ANOVA)表明,不同生境之间的大型底栖动物物种数、栖息密度、多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰度指数有显著差异,但生物量无显著差异,这是因为沙滩的物种数较少,栖息密度较低,但优势种弧边招潮蟹(Uca arcuata)个体较大,互花米草滩和牡蛎石泥滩的优势种为加州中蚓虫(Mediomastus californiensis),个体相对弧边招潮蟹小。不同季节之间大型底栖动物物种数、栖息密度、生物量和丰度指数有显著差异,但多样性指数和均匀度指数元显著差异,这是因为沙滩物种数少,但个体分布比较均匀,而互花米草滩和牡蛎石泥滩物种数较多,个体分布较不均匀。以上结果表明,潮汐、沉积物粒径和生境是影响潮间带大型底栖动物群落的主要因素。潮汐导致潮间带的空间异质性,空间异质性导致大型底栖动物群落的差异。  相似文献   

9.
莱州湾大型底栖动物功能群现状   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
2011年对莱州湾20个站位进行了4个航次的大型底栖动物调查,运用功能群为基础的研究方法,研究了莱州湾大型底栖动物的功能群组成及多样性.结果表明:2011年共发现177种大型底栖动物,以环节动物、软体动物和节肢动物为主,各功能群所含种类占全部种类的百分比依次为C>D>Pl>O>Ph,栖息密度百分比依次是Pl>D>C>O>Ph,生物量百分比依次是Pl>C>D>O>Ph;通过聚类分析可将20个站位分为3组;各功能群的种类数、栖息密度和生物量在季节变化上均无显著差异,各功能群的丰富度指数(d)依次是C>D>P1>O(Ph功能群除外),季节间差异显著(P<0.05),均匀度指数(J')依次是C>D>O>Pl,季节间差异不显著,多样性指数(H')依次是C>D>Pl>O,季节间差异不显著;种类多样性和功能群多样性呈显著线性正相关;ABC曲线显示,大型底栖动物群落受到了不同程度的扰动;大型底栖动物群落与其食物来源共有4个营养级,大型底栖动物功能群占第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ营养级,各营养级之间构成了一张复杂的食物网.  相似文献   

10.
于2006年9月和2007年7月在中街山列岛4个有居民海岛岩相潮间带设立8个断面,对大型底栖动物的群落结构进行了调查.共获得大型底栖动物34种,其中腔肠动物1种,环节动物3种,甲壳动物10种,软体动物20种.优势种有日本笠藤壶(Tetraclita japonica)、紫贻贝(Mytilus edulis)和节蝾螺(Turb articulatus)等4种.以季节和站位为因子对多样性指数进行双因素方差分析,结果表明只有夏、秋季丰富度指数(P=0.028)存在显著差异,其他指数的方差分析没有显著差异(P>0.05).3个潮带4个岛屿共12个站位的聚类分析和MDS标序分析表明,12个群落可分为3组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组).大型底栖动物ABC曲线分析表明底栖动物群落尚未受到干扰.  相似文献   

11.
This study compares the fish assemblages in a range of intertidal salt marsh creeks in the Kariega Estuary, South Africa, as well as highlighting any differences between the ichthyofaunal structure of the creeks and adjacent Zostera bed habitats. The superimposition of environmental variables on the creek biotic groupings (60% similarity level) indicated consistent relationships between both the creek water depth and mouth area with the major creek fish clusters. Water temperature, salinity and turbidity did not display any pattern which could explain the disparity between the ichthyofaunal groupings. The results also indicated that intertidal creeks form a unique littoral habitat within the Kariega Estuary, with ichthyofaunal compositions very different to those found in nearby eelgrass beds. Furthermore, intertidal creeks in the Kariega system appear to be similar to creeks found elsewhere in the world in that their fish assemblages are dominated by 0+ juveniles, have a conspicuous marine transient and estuarine resident component, and very few piscivorous representatives. These results also give weight to the hypothesis that southern African salt marsh creek habitats serve as temporary refuges to juvenile fishes, a role that has also been proposed in other parts of the world.  相似文献   

12.
异质背景下黄河三角洲潮沟的遥感提取方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以黄河三角洲为研究区域,针对该区域潮滩背景异质性强、潮沟宽度不一和潮沟各向异性强等特点,选取高分二号多光谱影像作为数据源,首先利用归一化水体指数(NDWI)和最大类间方差法(OTSU)提取宽阔潮沟,其次,使用改进的模糊C均值算法(MFCM)和多尺度高斯匹配滤波(MGMF),在削弱潮滩背景异质性的基础上增强细小潮沟,接着利用自适应阈值分割提取细小潮沟,最后合并细小潮沟和宽阔潮沟,形成完整的潮沟网络.不仅充分利用了高分二号影像的空间分辨率和光谱信息,也顾及了线状要素的几何特征,保证了潮沟提取结果的空间连续性.在4个局部测试区域,提取结果的Kappa系数大于0.8,总体精度高于97%,优于最大似然法和支持向量机.结果表明: 本研究提出的方法能够较完整地提取不同类型的潮沟,表现出较好的提取精度和稳定性,能够为潮沟的实时动态监测及其发育演化规律研究提供科学参考.  相似文献   

13.
Dendritic tidal creek networks are important habitats for sustaining biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in salt marsh wetlands. To evaluate the importance of creek heterogeneity in supporting benthic secondary production, we assess the spatial distribution and secondary production of a representative polychaete species (Dentinephtys glabra) in creek networks along a stream-order gradient in a Yangtze River estuarine marsh. Density, biomass, and secondary production of polychaetes were found to be highest in intermediate order creeks. In high order (3rd and 4th) creeks, the density and biomass of D. glabra were higher in creek edge sites than in creek bottom sites, whereas the reverse was true for low order (1st and 2nd) creeks. Secondary production was highest in 2nd order creeks (559.7 mg AFDM m−2 year−1) and was ca. 2 folds higher than in 1st and 4th order creeks. Top fitting AIC models indicated that the secondary production of D. glabra was mainly associated with geomorphological characters including cross-sectional area and bank slope. This suggests that hydrodynamic forces are essential factors influencing secondary production of macrobenthos in salt marshes. This study emphasizes the importance of microhabitat variability when evaluating secondary production and ecosystem functions.  相似文献   

14.
The structure and functioning of salt marsh fish communities in the overall ecology of southern African estuaries is poorly understood. This study compares the ichthyofauna associated with a salt marsh creek and eelgrass bed in an attempt to evaluate the relative importance of these habitats to fishes. Taylor's salt marsh creek and adjacent eelgrass bed in the Kariega Estuary were sampled twice per season between the winter of 1992 and the autumn of 1994. The average density and standing stock of fishes were found to be considerably higher in the eelgrass bed than in the intertidal creek. Both habitats had similar fish diversities but were dominated by different taxa, the most notable of which was the dominance of mugilids in the creek and their scarcity in the eelgrass. Taylor's intertidal creek and adjacent eelgrass beds were dominated by juvenile fish, with both habitats functioning as nursery areas for juvenile fish, albeit for totally different ichthyofaunal communities. The similar fish diversities but lower abundances in the intertidal creek compared to the eelgrass beds are in contrast to similar North American studies, and refute the hypothesis that intertidal salt marsh creeks have higher fish densities but lower diversities than eelgrass beds.The first author is also the senior author  相似文献   

15.
Synopsis Growth and diet of brook charr,Salvelinus fontinalis, during their first weeks of exogenous feeding were compared between the nearshore zone of a central Ontario lake and its small, inlet creeks. Food selection was related to size and age of charr and possibly availability of food items. Mean growth was similar between habitats despite differences in consumed food types and caloric values. Differences in social behaviour may have been responsible for different patterns of growth between habitats. The importance of creek habitats to the dynamics and fitness of lake populations of brook charr are suggested.  相似文献   

16.
Tidal creeks are an important structure of salt marshes in estuarine ecosystems, providing valuable ecosystem services to wildlife in the estuary. To determine the effects of environmental heterogeneities within tidal creeks on the features of crab burrows, we divided a typical creek section into four parts (i.e., microhabitats): bottom, slope, edge and flat, investigated the distribution of crab burrows and sediment properties on creek sections in the Yangtze River estuary, and compared the burrow distribution in tidal creeks with that in non-creek areas. Our results showed that from the creek bottom to flat soil water content declined (F3, 60 = 93.8, p < 0.001), and the variations of other sediment physical and chemical properties associated with the change of soil water content were significant among the microhabitats on the creek sections (p < 0.001 for pH, conductivity, and grain size). No crab burrows were found at the creek bottom. The burrows on the slope were smaller in size (p < 0.001 for burrow opening diameter) while the density was higher than that at the edge and on the flat (F2, 45 = 31.2, p < 0.001). Moreover, although the correlations between burrow distribution and sediment properties varied among the microhabitats on the creek sections, crabs generally selected relatively solid sediments to build their burrows. On the slope, there was a significantly negative relationship between burrow density and soil water content (r2 = 0.53, p < 0.001). At the edge, the correlation between total burrow opening area and soil water content was significantly negative (r2 = 0.44, p < 0.002). The density of small crab burrows (<10 mm) was greater, but that of large burrows (>10 mm) was lower in tidal creeks than in non-creek habitats. Therefore, sediment properties showed a gradual transition from hydrophytic to terrestrial environments on the creek section, which caused significant differences of burrow distribution among the microhabitats. The creeks of tidal salt marshes could affect ecological processes and functioning through affecting crab burrows.  相似文献   

17.
Nutrient limitation and algal blooms in urbanizing tidal creeks   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Tidal creeks are commonly found in low energy systems on the East and Gulf Coasts of the United States, and are often subject to intense watershed human development. Many of these creeks are receiving urban and suburban runoff containing nutrients, among other pollutants. During the period 1993-2001, we studied three tidal creeks located in southeastern North Carolina, a rapidly urbanizing area. All three creeks received anthropogenic nutrient loading. Oligohaline to mesohaline stations in upper tidal creek regions had much higher nutrient (especially nitrate-N) concentrations than lower creek areas, and hosted spring and summer phytoplankton blooms that at times exceeded 200 μg chlorophyll a l−1. Phytoplankton biomass during winter was low at all stations in all three creeks. Spring and summer nutrient addition bioassay experiments were conducted to characterize the nutrients limiting phytoplankton growth. Water from high salinity stations in all three creeks always showed significant positive responses to nitrate-N inputs, even at concentrations as low as 50 μg N l−1. Low salinity stations in upper creek areas often showed significant responses to nitrate-N inputs, but on occasion showed sensitivity to phosphorus inputs as well, indicating the influence of anthropogenic nitrate loading. During several experiments, one of the upper stations showed no positive response to nutrient inputs, indicating that these stretches were nutrient replete, and further phytoplankton growth appeared to be light-limited either by phytoplankton self-shading or turbidity. Water from upper creek areas yielded much higher chlorophyll a concentrations in bioassay experiments than did lower creek water. In general, these urbanizing tidal creeks were shown to be very sensitive to nitrogen loading, and provide a physical environment conducive to phytoplankton bloom formation in nutrient-enriched areas. Tidal creeks are important ecological resources in that they are considered to be nursery areas for many species of fish and shellfish. To protect the ecological function of these small, but very abundant estuarine systems, management efforts should recognize their susceptibility to algal blooms and focus on control of nonpoint source nutrient inputs, especially nitrogen.  相似文献   

18.
The epibenthic encrusting fauna of 2 creeks of the Caeté mangrove estuary, northern Brazil, was studied over a 13 month period using collectors fixed at 2.5 and 3.5 m above the creek bottom and in which upper and lower sides of ceramic and wooden panels were used as settlement substrates. The number of individuals of the most abundant organisms (barnacles, oysters and mussels) settling per panel was determined each month, for each substrate type, panel orientation and height above creek bottom. The barnacle, Fistulobalanus citerosum has a peak settlement period during the wet season whereas both peaks in the numbers of settlers of the oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae were recorded during the dry season and such discrete temporal patterns in settlement have also been observed for barnacles and oysters in other mangroves and estuaries. In contrast to other studies, settlement of the mussel Mytella falcata was generally low during the study period and may be related to over-exploitation of stocks in the region. Overall, settler density was usually greater on the underside of ceramic panels close to the creek bottom, similar to results of other studies of epibenthic settlement in diverse habitats.  相似文献   

19.
Biotic assemblages of aquatic floodplain systems have great potential to randomly reshuffle during annual flood periods, and have been described both as stochastically and deterministically assembled. However, only a limited number of studies have been conducted in relatively few habitat types. To evaluate large-bodied fish assemblage structure of floodplain creeks, we used experimental gill nets to sample fishes at sites spaced at even intervals within three creeks in consecutive dry seasons. A total of 60 species were collected, 41 of which were collected both years. The most frequently collected species were piscivores and algivores/detritivores. Multivariate analysis suggested non-random patterns of assemblage structure in both years. Correspondence analysis (CA) of the species abundance-by-site matrix for 2001 suggests species assemblages were most similar among sites within the same creek regardless of depth or longitudinal position. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) correctly predicted 100% of samples based on creek identity, and species ordination scores revealed creek-specific species subsets. In 2002, CA and DFA did not distinguish creeks based on species assemblages. Instead, we observed a significant positive relationship between assemblage composition and site depth and position along the creek longitudinal gradient. Assemblages were most similar among sites of comparable depth and longitudinal position, regardless of creek identity. Predators occurred almost exclusively at mouth and mid-reach sites. Flood duration prior to our 2002 sampling period was prolonged due to abnormally heavy rainfall in November and December 2001 (typically the falling-water period), and may account for the observed inter-annual variation in fish assemblage structure.  相似文献   

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