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1.
中国大陆黑斑侧褶蛙基于mtDNA控制区序列的种群遗传结构   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张雄飞  周开亚  常青 《遗传学报》2004,31(11):1232-1240
用分子遗传数据研究了黑斑侧褶蛙 (Pelophylaxnigromaculata)种群的遗传结构和分化。标本采自中国大陆的 12个地点 ,每个种群测定 10只或少于 10只蛙的mtDNA控制区 5′端 6 85bp的序列。 112只蛙的序列经比对后 ,共发现 111个变异位点 ,定义了 6 7种单元型 ,其中 7种单元型为地方种群间共享单元型 ,多数单元型为地方种群内特有。 12个地方种群合并成一个大种群分析时表明 ,中国大陆黑斑侧褶蛙的线粒体单元型多样性相当高 (h=0 98± 0 0 0 5 ) ,总体核苷酸多样性也较高 (π =0 0 30 3± 0 0 0 2 9)。这样高的单元型多样性和核苷酸多样性与黑斑侧褶蛙作为古北界和东洋界的广布种、种群大是相应的。基于最大简约法的单元型系统发生树和基于邻接法的地方种群系统发生分析中 ,吉林通化和辽宁辽阳种群与中国大陆其他地方种群构成姐妹群。分子变异分析表明 ,吉林和辽宁种群代表的吉辽组和其余 10个地方种群代表的综合组间出现了显著的种群分化 (Φ CT=0 80 9,P <0 0 0 1) ,各地方种群间成对的FST及种群间的核苷酸歧异度也均表明两者之间出现了显著的遗传分化。吉辽组与综合组间的遗传分化最可能的原因就是受第四纪冰川的影响  相似文献   

2.
东北亚地区野猪种群mtDNA遗传结构及系统地理发生   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
研究测定了中国东北、华北及四川西部72个野猪(Susscrofa)个体线粒体控制区全序列,并结合GenBank报道的日本野猪(S.s.leucomystax)、琉球野猪(S.s.riukiuanus)72个同源区序列,分析了东北亚地区野猪线粒体DNA的变异及系统地理格局。在东北亚地区野猪的线粒体控制区共发现42个变异位点,均为转换,共定义了34个单元型。单元型之间的系统发生分析表明,东北亚地区野猪来自同一祖先。东北亚地区野猪现生种群具有显著的种群遗传结构,其中日本野猪与分布于中国东北地区的东北野猪之间亲缘关系较近;而琉球野猪则与华北野猪间亲缘关系较近,与日本野猪和东北野猪间的关系相对较远。嵌套进化枝系统地理分析(Nestedcladephylogeographicalanalysis,NCPA)表明:东北亚地区野猪由同一祖先经过长距离的迁徙而形成现生各种群(或亚种);琉球野猪应起源于大陆野猪,其种群演化可能经历了片断化事件;华北野猪呈现南部种群遗传多样性高的特点,其种群内部曾经历了一次分布区由南向北的扩张  相似文献   

3.
梅花鹿东北亚种(Cervus nippon hortulorum)曾被认为已野外灭绝,近年来在黑龙江东南部和吉林东部临近边境地区发现少量分布,其生境隔离、面积狭小,破碎化严重。亟需对其种群的遗传变化,特别是遗传多样性和近交衰退等种群遗传信息开展进一步评价,增强保护与管理的针对性。本研究在大、小兴安岭和长白山设计9个重点研究区域,共收集673份疑似梅花鹿粪样样本。首先基于线粒体DNA Cyt b基因测序技术开展物种鉴定,并对鉴定为梅花鹿的阳性样本利用微卫星技术进行个体识别。结果证实,东北梅花鹿仅在老爷岭东部山脉有分布,106份梅花鹿粪便DNA中识别出33只个体(穆棱保护区20只,老爷岭保护区13只)。33个Cyt b基因序列共检测出6个变异位点和5个单倍型,单倍型多样性指数(Hd)为0.621,核苷酸多样性指数(Pi)为0.006 7;微卫星检出种群平均等位基因数(Na)7.1个,观测杂合度(Ho)0.604,期望杂合度(He)0.712,固定系数(Fis)0.152。结果表明,东北梅花鹿种群遗传多样性丰富,但也存在一定程度的杂合度不足和近亲繁殖;种群近期经历了瓶颈效应,未发生种群扩张;群体间无遗传分化,可作为一个管理单元加以保护。建议,对东北梅花鹿稀有单倍型个体重点监测和保护,恰当时期考虑圈养种群野外放归,以提高野外个体间基因交流和快速种群恢复。  相似文献   

4.
为更有效地保护藏酋猴Macaca thibetana野生种群,本文测定了来自峨眉山藏酋猴8个亚群体的47个样品mtDNA控制区5'端505 bp的序列,发现了27个变异位点(5.74%),定义了4种单倍型,其单倍型多样性(h)为0.236±0.079、核苷酸多样性(π)为0.00902±0.00354,单倍型之间的序列差异平均为0.623%,平均核苷酸差异(K)为4.274,单倍型序列之间变异较大,种群中的核苷酸多样性较高;将峨眉山的藏酋猴看成一个种群与同为四川地区的马边群体及安徽的黄山群体的相应序列进行比较,结果显示峨眉山藏酋猴种群mtDNA控制区序列与马边群体间的差异性较小,而与黄山群体间的差异性较大。分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,90.04%的遗传变异发生在种群之间,仅有9.96%的变异发生在种群内。进一步分析表明,藏酋猴各地理种群间均不同程度地存在着一定的遗传分化(Fst=0.9004,P<0.05),种群间基因交流较贫乏(Nm<1)。基于最大似然法和邻接法构建的系统发生树均支持四川地区的藏酋猴种群和安徽黄山种群分别聚为不同的类群,支持将它们归入各自的管理单元;而本研究中的四川地区藏酋猴在系统发生树上也分为2个亚支,但这2个亚支并未与地理分布成完全的对应关系,应归为一个管理单元加以保护。  相似文献   

5.
中国水域瓶鼻海豚的mtDNA控制区序列变异性分析   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
季国庆  杨光  刘珊  周开亚 《动物学报》2002,48(4):487-493
测定了30头中国水域瓶鼻海豚(Tursiops sp.)mtDNA控制区5′端424bp的序列,结合已发表的中国水域其它瓶鼻海豚的mtDNA控制区序列,共发现54个变异位点,定义了37种单元型。中国水域瓶鼻海豚的两个形态型之间没有共享单元型,且具有8个鉴别位点。基于最大似然法和邻接法的系统发生分析均把单元型聚类为分别代表两个形态型的支系。形态型之间的核苷酸歧异度为5.58%,超过了其它海豚类种间的序列歧异水平,支持把这两个形态型划分为两个独立的种,即T.truncatus和T.aduncus的观点。虽然两种瓶鼻海豚的分布区在台湾海峡一带出现重叠,但相互之间缺乏基因流动,提示两者可能已出现了显著的生殖隔离。  相似文献   

6.
利用ISSR分子标记方法对分布在浙江省境内的7个短柄袍种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化进行了分析。从100个引物中筛选出12个用于正式扩增的ISSR引物,在7个种群140个个体中共检测到132个位点,其中多态位点118个,多态位点百分率(P)为89.39%,各种群P平均为58.87%。短柄袍总的Shannon信息指数(I)为0.4933、Nei指数(h)为0.3347,各种群,平均为0.3362、h平均为0.2291。P、I,h均显示云峰种群最高,天台山种群最低。AMOVA分子差异分析表明,67.97%的变异存在于种群内,32.03%的变异存在于种群间,种群间的基因分化系数(GST)为0.3154。短柄袍种群间的基因流为(Nm)为1.0853。7个种群的平均遗传距离为0.1739。利用UPGMA法对7个种群进行聚类,结果显示天台山和雪窦山种群聚成一类,其它5个种群聚成另一类。  相似文献   

7.
中国4种蝗虫不同种群的遗传分化   总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14  
采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术,应用等位酶分析方法对采自我国山西、江苏、河北等地不同蝗区优势蝗虫种类3科4种8个种群的12种酶18个酶位点进行了检测,比较了4种蝗虫种群水平的等位基因频率变化和它们之间的遗传距离。等位基因频率分析表明:中华稻蝗和笨蝗各位点等位基因丰富,而长翅素木蝗和短额负蝗各位点等位基因较少。在所研究的4种蝗虫8个种群中,多态位点百分率普遍较高(P=53.3%—100.0%),由于杂合子数目较少而使每个位点的平均杂合度观察值偏低(H。=0.034—0.139)。受迁飞能力、繁殖方式和活动范围的限制,4种蝗虫的平均杂合度观察值表现出一定的差异:笨蝗较高(H。=0.089—0.139),其次是中华稻蝗(H。=0.073—0.090),而长翅素木蝗(H。=0.0488—0.068)和短额负蝗(H。=0.034—0.050)相对较低。除Adk-1、Ao-1、Idh-1、Ldh-1、Ldh-2和Me-1在部分蝗虫种群符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡外,其余绝大多数位点的基因型频率显著偏离H—W平衡,但短额负蝗的多个位点符合或接近H—W平衡,表明该种蝗虫在自然种群结构方面明显有别于其他种类。从4种蝗虫的F—统计量(Fst)看,笨蝗种群间基因分化程度最高(Fst=0.32),其次是短额负蝗(Fst=0.31),而中华稻蝗相对较低(Fsl=0.20),长翅素木蝗种群间基因分化程度最低(Fsl=0.18),利用非加权算术平均法(UPGMA)对I值和D值进行聚类,所得聚类树也证实了这种遗传分化差异,上述结果反映了迁飞能力、适应性和环境因子对不同蝗虫遗传分化的影响。Nei的遗传距离(D)和遗传一致度(I)进行的聚类分析基本符合传统形态学、细胞学等研究结果:即同属于斑腿蝗科的中华稻蝗和长翅素木蝗遗传距离最小(D=0.559),遗传一致度最高(I=0.576)。在3个科中,癞蝗科和锥头蝗科之间呈现较小的遗传距离(D=0.776)和较高的遗传一致度(I=0.776),而这两科与斑腿蝗科之间的遗传距离相对较大(D=0.908),遗传一致度相对较低(I=0.406)。等位酶分析能较好地反映蝗虫不同物种的亲缘关系和种内不同种群之间的遗传分化程度。  相似文献   

8.
石鸡 (Alectorischukar)是我国北方重要的猎鸟 ,由于栖息地片断化和人类狩猎 ,陇东黄土高原上的石鸡数量正日益减少。本文用PCR直接测序的方法 ,测定了陇东黄土高原 8个石鸡种群mtDNA控制区I区和部分II区的4 91个碱基 ,探讨其遗传多样性。 78个样本共发现 2 4个变异位点 (占所测序列的 4 .89% )和 2 5种单倍型 (占所测样本的 32 .0 5 % )。 8个种群中 ,铜川种群的序列变异率、单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性都最高 ,分别是 0 .4 7、0 .82和 0 .0 0 2 9;而红回种群的最低 ,仅分别为 0 .10、0 .2 8和 0 .0 0 0 8,这与红回种群受奠基者效应、遗传隔离和自然选择的作用有关。 8个种群共享 1种单倍型C1,说明它们来自共同祖先 ,是 1个单系群 ,属于 1个进化显著单元 ,但它们聚成两个集群。两集群间单倍型相似性指数仅 0 .15 ,遗传距离达 0 .4 3% ,单因素方差分析显示遗传变异差异显著 (F =5 .0 2 >F0 .0 5(14 ,1) =4 .0 6 ) ,分别有 13种和 10种单倍型为两个集群所特有。基于遗传差异性 ,陇东黄土高原的石鸡应分为两个管理单元进行保护 ,尤其对遗传变异和遗传多样性最高的铜川种群应进行重点保护。  相似文献   

9.
邛崃和相岭山系小熊猫种群的遗传结构   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4  
魏辅文  饶刚  李明  冯祚建 《兽类学报》2002,22(4):241-247
测定了来自小熊猫主要分布的两大山系———相岭和邛崃的 2 3只小熊猫样品的mtDNA控制区 5’端 5 69bp序列 ,共发现 2 3个变异位点 ,定义了 8种单元型 ,其中邛崃山系 5种 ,相岭山系 3种。分析结果表明 ,两山系均表现出较低的核苷酸多态性 ;单元型多态性差异明显 ,其中邛崃山系高于相岭山系。分子变异分析表明 ,两山系的小熊猫种群间具有较高的基因流 (Nm =2 95 ) ,两种群遗传分化不明显 (ΦST=0 1 45 ,P >0 0 5 )。结合细胞色素b序列分析 ,认为两种群可能是从经历了近期瓶颈效应的同一祖先群衍生而来 ,并且可将两山系的小熊猫种群作为一个管理单元进行保护和管理  相似文献   

10.
黄山短尾猴mtDNA控制区序列变异及种群的遗传多样性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
柳杨  李进华  赵健元 《动物学报》2006,52(4):724-730
短尾猴属灵长目(Primates)猴科(Cercopithecidae)猕猴属(Macaca),是我国特有的国家二级保护动物。为了更有效地保护其野生种群,本文研究了黄山短尾猴种群内的遗传多样性,并对黄山短尾猴与四川短尾猴种群间的遗传差异进行了分析。共测定了黄山短尾猴7个群体中的30个样本的mtDNA控制区5′端493bp的序列,只发现了7个变异位点,定义了3种单倍型,单倍型序列之间缺乏变异,种群中的核苷酸多样性很低(0.006);3种单倍型相应地将黄山种群分为了3个亚群,不同亚群之间呈现出一定的片断化分布,从分子水平上初步揭示了短尾猴黄山种群的遗传多样性。与四川短尾猴的相应序列比较,黄山短尾猴控制区序列存在很大差异,共有59个变异位点,而且存在大片段的碱基插入/缺失,有78%的遗传变异发生在两个种群之间,两个种群间的核苷酸歧异度已达8.21%。进一步分析表明,黄山短尾猴与四川短尾猴之间存在着极显著的遗传分化(FST=0.399,P<0.001),基于最大似然法和邻接法构建的系统发生树均将两者聚为不同的类群,支持将它们归入各自的管理单元。  相似文献   

11.
To investigate genetic diversity among populations of the sika deer, Cervus nippon, nucleotide sequences (705-824 bases) of the mitochondrial D-loop regions were determined in animals from 13 localities in the Japanese islands. Phylogenetic trees constructed by the sequences indicated that the Japanese sika deer is separated into two distinct lineages: the northern Japan group (the Hokkaido island and most of the Honshu mainland) and the southern Japan group (a part of the southern Honshu mainland, the Kyushu island, and small islands around the Kyushu island). All sika deer examined in this study shared four to seven units of repetitive sequences (37 to 40 bases each) within the D-loop sequences. The number of tandem repeats was different among the populations, and it was specific to each population. Six or seven repeats occurred in populations of the northern Japan group, while four or five repeats occurred in populations of the southern Japan group. Each repeat unit included several nucleotide substitutions, compared with others, and 26 types were identified from 31 animals. Sequences of the first, second, and third units in arrays were clearly different between the northern and the southern groups. Based on these D-loop data, colonization and separation of the sika deer populations in the Japanese islands were estimated to have occurred less than 0.5 million years before present. Our results provide an invaluable insight into better understanding the evolutionary history, phylogeny, taxonomy, and population genetics of the sika deer.  相似文献   

12.
To investigate genetic diversity among populations of the sika deer, Cervus nippon, nucleotide sequences (705–824 bases) of the mitochondrial D-loop regions were determined in animals from 13 localities in the Japanese islands. Phylogenetic trees constructed by the sequences indicated that the Japanese sika deer is separated into two distinct lineages: the northern Japan group (the Hokkaido island and most of the Honshu mainland) and the southern Japan group (a part of the southern Honshu mainland, the Kyushu island, and small islands around the Kyushu island). All sika deer examined in this study shared four to seven units of repetitive sequences (37 to 40 bases each) within the D-loop sequences. The number of tandem repeats was different among the populations, and it was specific to each population. Six or seven repeats occurred in populations of the northern Japan group, while four or five repeats occurred in populations of the southern Japan group. Each repeat unit included several nucleotide substitutions, compared with others, and 26 types were identified from 31 animals. Sequences of the first, second, and third units in arrays were clearly different between the northern and the southern groups. Based on these D-loop data, colonization and separation of the sika deer populations in the Japanese islands were estimated to have occurred less than 0.5 million years before present. Our results provide an invaluable insight into better understanding the evolutionary history, phylogeny, taxonomy, and population genetics of the sika deer.  相似文献   

13.
The sika deer (Cervus nippon) once inhabited the entire Tohoku District, the northeastern part of the main island of Japan. Currently, they are isolated as three discontinuous populations on Mt. Goyo, the Oshika Peninsula, and Kinkazan Island. To assess the genetic diversity and relationships among the sika deer populations in the Tohoku District, we analyzed the mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences from 177 individuals. We detected a total of five haplotypes. Three haplotypes were present in the population from Mt. Goyo at a haplotype diversity of 0.235 ± 0.061, two haplotypes in the population from the Oshika Peninsula at 0.171 ± 0.064, and only one haplotype was detected in the population from the Kinkazan Island. A significant genetic differentiation was observed among all population pairs. Collectively, our data supports the observed population bottlenecks in the past. Four of the five haplotypes were specific to one of the three populations, whereas only one haplotype was shared between the Mt. Goyo and the Oshika Peninsula populations. This common haplotype may indicate a common ancestral population in the Tohoku District. Conversely, the D-loop haplotypes were completely different among the Kinkazan Island and Oshika Peninsula populations. The lack of a shared haplotype indicates that female gene flow between the two populations is very limited and that the 0.6 km strait acts as a strong barrier.  相似文献   

14.
The population size of the sika deer Cervus nippon on Hokkaido Island of Japan had been remarkably reduced because of heavy hunting pressure since the beginning of Meiji Period and effects of heavy snow in 1879 and 1881. After that, the number of sika deer in Hokkaido has increased gradually due to the protection by the Hokkaido government. In the present study, in order to investigate the bottleneck effects, we analyzed ancient mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) on sika deer bones excavated from archaeological sites just before Meiji Period. On 86 of 113 bones from 13 archaeological sites of Ainu Culture Period (17-19th centuries), 602 base-pair fragments of the mtDNA control region were successfully sequenced. Consequently, we found three new haplotypes (g-, h- and i-types) which had not been identified in modern sika deer. In addition, four haplotypes (a-, b-, c- and d-types) identified from modern sika deer were also found in the archaeological deer. The new haplotypes and previously reported hapoltypes from sika deer of Hokkaido were phylogenetically much closer to each other, compared with those of modern sika deer from Honshu, Kyushu and the Chinese continent. Geographical distribution patterns of haplotypes of the ancient population were different from those of the modern population in Hokkaido. Our findings indicated that their genetic diversity was reduced through the bottleneck and that population structures of sika deer were changed widely in Hokkaido due to genetic drift.  相似文献   

15.
The relationships among 214 wild-living sika deer from five locations in Germany and two in Lower Austria were examined using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequence. A total of 18 haplotypes are grouped consistently into two major divergent clades, A and B, which differ by a mean of 8.4% sequence divergence. Recently introduced sika deer showed a complex pattern of population structuring, which probably results from historical vicariance in at least two unknown source populations from southeastern Asia (as previously described by morphological and mtDNA findings), and subsequent population admixture as a result of human-mediated restocking. A strong genetic differentiation among populations was indicated by a global ST value of 0.78 reflecting mainly the differential distribution of clades A and B haplotypes. There was no association between related haplotypes and their distribution among local populations. These indicate that genealogy is a better predictor of the genetic affinity among most sika deer populations than their present-day locations. The abundant mitochondrial divergence we observed, may reflect a subspecies differentiation and could be associated with phenotypic differences among the introduced sika deer.An erratum to this article can be found at  相似文献   

16.
In southern Kantoh, Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon) are distributed discontinuously due to large urban areas and developed road networks. To assess the impact of habitat fragmentation on sika deer subpopulations, we examined mitochondrial D-loop sequences from 435 individuals throughout southern Kantoh. About 13 haplotypes were detected, and their distributions revealed spatial genetic structure. Significant genetic differentiation was observed among seven of eight subpopulations. We found no significant correlation between pairwise F ST and geographical distance among subpopulations. Genetic diversity indices suggested that seven of eight subpopulations had probably experienced population bottlenecks in the recent past. Therefore, and in the light of the results of a nested clade analysis of these haplotypes, we conclude that recent fluctuations in population size and the interruption of gene flow due to past and present habitat fragmentation have played major roles influencing the spatial genetic structure of the sika deer population. This is the first evidence of spatial genetic population structure in the highly fragmented sika deer population in Honshu, Japan.  相似文献   

17.
马麝诸种群地理分化初步探讨   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
马麝是我国的一种重要经济动物,是古北界特有种,主要分布在我国青藏高原及其临近地区。为保护物种多样性,本利用分子生物学技术在分子水平探讨了马麝各地理种群之间遗传多样性问题。用线粒体细胞色素b(Cytochrome b)的DNA序列进行系统进化分析显示:马麝四川种群、甘肃种群和西藏两种群在大约100万年前具有共同祖先。四川种群最先分化出来,甘肃马麝与西藏马麝的关系最近,四川马麝与西藏马麝、甘肃马麝间的关系较远,甘肃马麝与四川马麝约在80万年前分化,而甘肃与西藏察隅和类乌齐两种群马麝间分化时间则分别为34万年和57万年前,四川马麝与西藏察隅和类乌齐两种群马麝分化时间在90万年和100万年前。结果初步表明分布于甘肃、四川和西藏的马麝种群可能为不同的亚种。  相似文献   

18.
Hybridization and backcrossing of native populations with introduced species can lead to introgression and genetic alteration. In this study, we evaluated introgression in 43 deer from a potential hybrid zone around Okinoshima Island, Kinki District, Japan. This region witnessed the migration of a hybrid population (cross between the Formosan sika deer [Cervus nippon taiouanus] and other deer species) that could potentially breed with the native Japanese sika deer (C. n. centralis). We used an existing genetic marker for the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and two novel markers for nuclear DNA, developed using publicly available next‐generation sequencing data. We identified one mainland deer with a mitochondrial haplotype identical to that of the Formosan sika deer as well as nuclear heterozygous sequences identical to those of Formosan and Japanese sika deer. This suggests that the mainland deer is a hybrid offspring of the Okinoshima population and native deer. However, only Japanese sika deer sequences were found in the other 42 samples, indicating limited introgression. Nevertheless, hybridization pre‐ and postintroduction in the Okinoshima population could cause multispecies introgression among Japanese sika deer, negatively affecting genetic integrity. We developed a simple test based on polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism to detect introgression in natural populations. Our method can accelerate genetic monitoring of Japanese sika deer in Kinki District. In conclusion, to prevent further introgression and maintain genetic integrity of Japanese sika deer, we recommend establishing fences around Okinoshima Island to limit migration, besides a continued genetic monitoring of the native deer.  相似文献   

19.
Yang C  Xiao Z  Guo Y  Xiong Y  Zhang X  Yue B 《Zoological science》2012,29(7):423-427
Sichuan sika deer (Cervus nippon sichuanicus) is an endangered and endemic subspecies of sika deer to Sichuan Province, China. According to our observations in the wild, the Sichuan sika deer makes alarm signals in the presence of actual or potential predators. In order to test the variation of the rhythmic alarm calls in some sex/age classes and different risk contexts, we recorded alarm calls of Sichuan sika deer from 2 October to 30 November 2008 and from 4 April to 5 September 2009 in the Tiebu Nature Reserve, Zoige County, Sichuan Province, China, and made acoustic analysis of these alarm calls. The results showed that the fundamental frequencies of alarm signals of Sichuan sika deer tended to decrease with age, and were significantly higher for females than for males. Duration tended to increase with age, and was significantly longer for males than for females. The fundamental frequencies and duration of alarm calls in adults were significantly higher and shorter respectively in high-risk than in moderate-risk contexts.  相似文献   

20.
Sika Cervus nippon are native to Japan and East Asia but are now naturalized in many parks of the world, including Britain. In contrast to the substantial body of research on the extent of hybridization between sika and red deer Cervus elaphus in Scottish populations, there has been little genetic analysis of the English populations of sika. Sika in England still have a patchy and discontinuous distribution; populations are thus still genetically isolated and may be expected to show higher variability in genetic type. The current paper uses DNA-based techniques to explore the genetic composition of sika in the New Forest (Hampshire) and that of sika from the largest population in England, in the Purbeck region (Dorset). The study aims were to determine whether New Forest sika show signs of recent interbreeding with New Forest red deer populations, whether New Forest sika are genetically distinct from Purbeck sika, and whether New Forest and Purbeck sika show evidence of past hybridization or whether they are pure (non-hybrid) strains. Microsatellite analysis was used to compare the genetic profiles of individual deer. Results showed that sika and red deer in the New Forest were genetically distinct, indicating that there is no large-scale in situ hybridization occurring between these feral populations. In terms of overall genetic composition, there was no significant difference between the sika in the New Forest and Purbeck. However, a more detailed analysis found that New Forest sika showed a lower level of introgression with red deer compared with the Purbeck sika. We conclude that, overall, the New Forest sika deer do appear to be more genetically pure bred than the Purbeck sika.  相似文献   

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