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分子标记及其在植物遗传育种中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
遗传标记可以说是生物群体中可识别的遗传多态性的一种表现形式。随着遗传研究特别是遗传作图的不断深入,遗传标记已从传统的以等位基因的表型识别为基础的形态标记、以染色体的结构和数目为特征的细胞学标记,及具有组织、发育及物种特异性的同工酶标记,拓展到目前已广泛应用的以DNA多态性为基础的分子标记技术。现代分子标记技术的出现和发展为植物遗传育种研究的许多领域注入了新的活力。本文着重就目前植物遗传育种中所应用的一些主要分子标记技术及其应用作一概述。1 常用的分子标记技术自80年代初有人提出用RFLP作为遗传… 相似文献
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分子标记在茶树遗传育种上的应用 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
综述了近年来分子标记在茶树种质资源和品种鉴别、遗传多样性、遗传演化、遗传稳定性及分子遗传图谱构建等方面的应用 ,并展望了其应用前景。 相似文献
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DNA分子标记技术及其在水产动物遗传上的应用研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
随着DNA分子标记技术的发展,其在动物遗传上发挥了重大作用,使用DNA分子标记可以观察到整个基因组的遗传多样性。目前,在水产养殖种类中使用的遗传标记主要包括线粒体DNA、RFLP、RAPD、AFLP、微卫星、SNP和EST标记。DNA分子标记的应用使得人们对水产养殖动物的遗传多样性、近亲繁殖、种类和品系鉴定以及遗传连锁图谱建立的研究都取得了很大进展,也加快了数量性状位点(QTL)基因的鉴定作为分子标记辅助选择(MAS)的研究。将这些标记技术在水产动物上的应用进行了论述,以及如何从人类基因组工程和斑马鱼这种模式鱼的研究中得到启发,更好的应用于水产动物基因组学和遗传学研究做一讨论。 相似文献
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SRAP标记是基于选择性扩增开放性阅读框的新型分子标记,具有简便、高效、重复性好、高共显性等优点,在植物育种中已经得到广泛应用.本文介绍了SRAP标记基本原理和特点,对SRAP标记在遗传多样性研究、遗传连锁图谱构建、比较基因组以及分子标记辅助选择育种等方面的应用进行了综述. 相似文献
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DNA标记和分子育种钱惠荣郑康乐(中国水稻研究所生物工程系杭州310006)生物技术的发展给作物遗传育种研究带来了巨大的变化,DNA分子标记技术的应用是其中最显著的变化之一[9,48]。由于分子标记相对于经典遗传育种研究中的形态性状具有无可比拟的优越性,它的使用也越来越广泛。许多以前无法进行的研究,比如环境因素的影响,数量性状的多重效应等等,在分子标记的帮助下已经开展。同时分子标记直接应用于... 相似文献
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植物基因组比较作图研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
基因组比较作图是基因组研究的重要内容。植物比较作图研究表明,在长期的进化过程中,基因的组成表现出高度的保守性。随着植物遗传图谱和物理图谱的迅速发展,为植物比较作图奠定了重要的基础。现就植物基因组遗传图和物理图以及比较作图的最新研究进展作一介绍。 相似文献
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Selective genotyping of extreme progeny is a powerful method to increase the information content per individual when looking for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using molecular markers for which a map is known. However, if marker information from the selected individuals is used to construct the map of the markers, this can lead to distorted segregation of the markers that in turn can lead to the estimation of a spurious linkage between independently inherited markers. The mistaken estimation of linkage between independently inherited markers will occur when there are two (or more) independently inherited QTLs linked to two (or more) markers and the same individuals are used to estimate the map of the markers and to do the QTL estimation. The incorrect linkage occurs because in selecting individuals from the tails of the phenotypic distribution we will also be selecting certain combinations of the markers instead of obtaining a random sample of the true distribution of the marker genotypes. Analytical results are outlined and the analyses of a simulated data set illustrate the problems that could arise when data from individuals chosen by selective genotyping are incorrectly employed to construct a marker map. A strategy is proposed to remedy this problem. 相似文献
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遗传图谱的发展为寻找和定位影响重要数量性状变异的基因提供了便利。迄今为止,育种学家已经在肉牛的1、2、5、6、14、15、17、18、19、21、23、27、和29号常染色体上发现了QTL的踪迹。候选基因的研分显示肌肉生长抑制素基因等可能就是生长和屠宰重性状的QTL,基困组统计定位则揭示最有可能的QTL区域在2、5、6、15、19、27、29号染色体上。进一步的定位仍需遗传学家、分子生物学家及育种学家的共同努力。 相似文献
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应用重组自交系群体定位大豆根重QTL 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
应用构建的NJRIKY(科丰1号×1138-2)大豆重组自交家系群体,对大豆根重QTL进行8次重复的随机区组分析;以该群体所构成的遗传连锁图谱为基础,采用复合区间作图法(Cartographer V.1.21)检测到3个与根重有关的QTL位于连锁群N3-B1和N6-C2上。其中rw1在N3-B1的端距离是66.31cM,位于A520T~ACCCA-GO5区间,rw2和rw3分别在N6-C2的端距离是169.91cM和179.71cM,并与OPW13和ACGCATO6重叠。LOD值分别是10.34、4.01和3.15,可以解释26.3%、9.2%和6.8%的遗传变异。加性效应估计值分别为-0.514、-0.303和-0.260。 相似文献
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Rohini Bhat Anil Kumar Singh Muntazir Mushtaq Romesh Kumar Salgotra Manmohan Sharma Basharat Ahmad Bhat Umer Basu Ibrahim Al-Ashkar Mohammad Anwar Hossain Akihiro Ueda Ayman El Sabagh 《Phyton》2022,91(11):2439-2459
Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling yield and yield-related traits in rice was performed inthe F2 mapping population derived from parental rice genotypes DHMAS and K343. A total of 30 QTLs governing nine different traits were identified using the composite interval mapping (CIM) method. Four QTLs weremapped for number of tillers per plant on chromosomes 1 (2 QTLs), 2 and 3; three QTLs for panicle numberper plant on chromosomes 1 (2 QTLs) and 3; four QTLs for plant height on chromosomes 2, 4, 5 and 6; oneQTL for spikelet density on chromosome 5; four QTLs for spikelet fertility percentage (SFP) on chromosomes2, 3 and 5 (2 QTLs); two QTLs for grain length on chromosomes 1 and 8; three QTLs for grain width on chromosomes1, 3 and 8; three QTLs for 1000-grain weight (TGW) on chromosomes 1, 4 and 8 and six QTLs for yieldper plant (YPP) on chromosomes 2 (3 QTLs), 4, 6 and 8. Most of the QTLs were detected on chromosome 2, sofurther studies on chromosome 2 could help unlock some new chapters of QTL for this cross of rice variety. Identified QTLs elucidating high phenotypic variance can be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding.Further, the exploitation of information regarding molecular markers tightly linked to QTLs governing these traitswill facilitate future crop improvement strategies in rice. 相似文献
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Hiroyuki Shibaike 《Journal of plant research》1998,111(3):383-388
With the advent of molecular genetic mapping, it is possible to study the genetic basis of natural heritable variation in
new ways. Here, three potential uses of molecular genetic mapping in plant ecology and evolutionary biology are discussed;
(1) accurate estimation of genetic parameters, (2) understanding speciation and/or adaptation, and (3) investigating whole
genome organization. Basic methods for mapping genes and important mapping strategies are outlined. Recent studies are introduced
to illustrate progress so far in applying the new methods in ecological and evolutionary research. 相似文献
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大豆遗传图谱的构建和分析 总被引:45,自引:2,他引:45
利用大豆栽培品种科丰1号和南农1138-2杂交得到的重组近交系NJRIKY,通过RFLP,SSR,RAPD和AFLP4种分子标记的遗传连锁分析,构建了包含24个连锁群,由792个遗传标记组成的大豆较高密度连锁图谱,该图谱覆盖2320.7cM,平均图距2.9cM,SSR标记的多态性较高,在基因组中的位置相对稳定,可以作为锚定标记,有利于连锁群的归并和不同图谱的比较整合;而AFLP标记对于增加图谱密度效率较高,但其容易出现聚集现象,从而造成连锁群上有很大的空隙(gap),另外,在连锁群中有21.7%的分子标记出现偏分离,该图谱为基因定位,比较基因组学和重要农艺性状的QTL定位等研究打下了基础。 相似文献
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Gilles Charmet Thierry Cadalen Pierre Sourdille Michel Bernard 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》1998,4(1):67-72
A regression mapping approach to localize simultaneously two unlinked interactive QTL is proposed. It extends the simple marker regression method of Kearsey and Hyne (1994) to the case of two linkage groups, each with a single QTL having no additive (main) effect, and acting only through epistasis (interaction between a pair of QTL). It allows the localization of the two QTL on the two linkage groups involved by a least square method, which is theoretically more precise than the classical study of interactions between pairs of markers. An application of the method to interactive QTL controlling plant height in bread wheat is presented. Further possible developments are briefly discussed. 相似文献
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Musial JM Mackie JM Armour DJ Phan HT Ellwood SE Aitken KS Irwin JA 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2007,114(8):1427-1435
In eastern Australia and California, USA, one of the major lethal fungal diseases of lucerne (Medicago sativa) is Stagonospora root and crown rot, caused by Stagonospora meliloti. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in resistance and susceptibility to S. meliloti were identified in an autotetraploid lucerne backcross population of 145 individuals. Using regression analysis and interval
mapping, we detected one region each on linkage groups 2, 6 and 7 that were consistently associated with disease reaction
to S. meliloti in two separate experiments. The largest QTL on linkage group 7, which is associated with resistance to S. meliloti, contributed up to 17% of the phenotypic variation. The QTL located on linkage group 2, which is potentially a resistance
allele in repulsion to the markers for susceptibility to S. meliloti, contributed up to 8% of the phenotypic variation. The QTL located on linkage group 6, which is associated with susceptibility
to S. meliloti, contributed up to 16% of the phenotypic variation. A further two unlinked markers contributed 5 and 8% of the phenotypic
variation, and were detected in only one experiment. A total of 517 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from Medicago truncatula were screened on the parents of the mapping population. Only 27 (6%) SSR markers were polymorphic and could be incorporated
into the autotetraploid map of M. sativa. This allowed alignment of our M. sativa linkage map with published M. truncatula maps. The markers linked to the QTL we have reported will be useful for marker assisted selection for partial resistance
to S. meliloti in lucerne. 相似文献