Plant cell separation and adhesion. Annual Plant Reviews, Volume 25.

Since the publication of Addicott's book Abscission (1982) andKoslowsky's book Shedding of Plant Parts (1973) no text bookhas appeared charting the subsequent progress in our understandingof the physiological and hormonal control of abscission andadhesion. The present volume is thus very timely and is an excellentexample of how molecular genetics had enhanced plant biologyat both basic and applied levels. While the authors fail totell us who this book is aimed at, there is no question thatit has intrinsic scientific interest and contributes stronglyto improving our understanding through new molecular experimentalmethods. It may also be important in agriculture and horticulture.However, in many chapters, the molecular and genetic informationis too introverted for readers whose interest is not primarilyin molecular genetics. A list of the titles of the chapters alone indicates the widescope of this     

Plant ecology. * Schulze ED, Beck E, Muller-Hohenstein K. 2005. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer. $89{middle dot}95 (hardback). 702 pp.

This book (a translation fromSchulze et al., 2002) is one of the most comprehensive textbooksof plant ecology so far. The authors aim to ‘for the firsttime bring together and clearly organize the large subdisciplinesof plant ecology’ and, to a large extent they have succeeded.The book is well written, and its more than 500 illustrationsare beautifully laid out and well chosen to help the readerunderstand the theory. It is clearly suitable not only     

Systematic botany of flowering plants, 2nd edn. * Spichiger R-E, Savolainen V, Figeat M, Jeanmond D. eds. 2004. * Enfield, New Hampshire: Science Publishers, Inc. $58(softback). 413 pp. plus CD-ROM.

Spichiger et al. introduce a studentwithout too much botanical knowledge to the diversity of floweringplants in this text, which is a translation from the Frenchof the second edition, published in 2002. Five brief introductorychapters lead to the main part of the book, short and well-illustratedaccounts of 113 families. There is also a glossary and an identificationkey to tropical families; a taxon index and a CD-ROM completethe book. The CD-ROM includes 350 photographs of the familiesdescribed, separate lists of medicinal and non-medicinal usesof plants     

New frontiers in bryology - physiology, molecular biology and functional genomics. * Wood AJ, Oliver MJ, Cove DJ, eds. 2004. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. {pound}63 (hardback). 203 pp.

This book is a collection of papersfrom the major researchers involved in physiological, molecularand genomic research on bryophytes, mainly, although not exclusively,using the moss Physcomitrella patens. This is a growing areaof research and the book aims to provide ‘... a synopsisof the outstanding basic research being conducted using mossesas a model multi-cellular eukaryote’. Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) are an importantand often neglected group     

Floral biology, pollination and fertilisation in temperate zone fruit species and grape. * Kozma P, Nyeki J, Soltesz M, Szabo Z. 2003. * Budapest: Akademiai Kiado. $98 (hardback).621 pp.

The primary focus of this book is to discuss the floral biologyof the fruit crops including apple, grape, Ribes, Rubus, strawberry,the stone fruits and several     

Ecological genetics: design, analysis and application. * Lowe A, Harris S, Ashton P. 2004. * Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. * {pound}29.99 (softback). 344 pp

This book introduces readers toa whole range of topics associated with ecological geneticsby covering such subjects as genetic markers and sampling, geneticdiversity, gene flow, hybridization and phylogeny construction.Within these chapters     

Gap junction channel activity in short-term cultured human detrusor myocyte cell pairs: gating and unitary conductances

Several independent lines of investigation indicate that intercellular communication through gap junctions modulates bladder physiology and, moreover, that altered junctional communication may contribute to detrusor overactivity. However, as far as we are aware, there are still no direct recordings of gap junction-mediated intercellular currents between human or rat detrusor myocytes. Northern and Western blots were used to identify connexin expression in frozen human bladder tissue and short-term cultured human detrusor myocytes. Double whole cell patch (DWCP) recording revealed that human detrusor myocyte cell pairs were well coupled with an average junctional conductance of 6.5 ± 4.6 nS (ranging from 0.1 to 15 nS, n = 22 cell pairs). Macroscopic gap junction channel currents in human detrusor myocytes exhibited voltage dependence similar to homotypic connexin43. The normalized transjunctional conductance-voltage (G_j-V_j) relationship was symmetrical and well described by a two-state Boltzmann relation (G_min 0.33, V₀ = 63.6 mV, Z = 0.117 or equal to 2.95 gating charges), suggestive of a bilateral voltage-gated mechanism. In symmetric 165 mM CsCl, the measured single-channel slope conductance was 120 pS for the fully open channel and 26 pS for the major substate. Occasionally, other subconductance states were also observed. The single-channel mean open time declined with increasing V_j, accounting for the V_j-dependent decline of macroscopic junctional current. Qualitatively similar electrophysiological characteristics were observed in DWCP of freshly isolated rat detrusor myocytes. These data confirm and extend previous observations and are consistent with reports in other smooth muscle cells types in which Cx43-mediated intercellular communication has been identified. bladder function; intercellular communication; smooth muscle     

Aquatic Food Webs: An Ecosystem Approach. Edited by Belgrano A., Scharler U. M., Dunne J. and Ulanowicz R. E. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2005. 272 pp. ISBN 0198564821 (hardback). {pound}85.00.

Communicating editor: K.J. Flynn This well-produced and useful book is split into three sectionscontaining in total some 15 chapters authored by a range ofexperts in their respective areas. The book starts with a section on ‘structure and function’and a chapter (Elser and Hessen) concerning the importance ofstoichiometry in food webs; this is like most of the book wellwritten. However, the relative importance of such automaticlinks in multinutrient models may be called into question consideringthe contents of subsequent chapters which point out the significanceof the development of antigrazing mechanisms (which may oftenbe associated with changes in stoichiometry in phototrophs).Chapter 2 (Melián et al.) considers spatial structureand dynamics in marine food webs; this is a brief and, to mymind, the least satisfying of the chapters. Chapter 3 (Christianet al.) looks at the     

Molecular ecotoxicology of plants. Ecological Studies Vol. 170. * Sandermann H. ed. 2004. * Berlin: Springer. $89{middle dot}95 (hard cover). 241 pp.

Googling the term‘molecular ecotoxicology’ results in less than 1000hits compared to more than 8·5 million for ‘moleculargenetics’. Hence, we are dealing with a rather new orless well-defined and less propagated field of science. Springer'sbook Molecular ecotoxicology of plants edited by H. Sandermannmay therefore fill a gap and it is unique in focusing on plants.A first introductory chapter sets the stage and tries to definethe term for a broad     

The ecology of seeds. * Fenner M, Thompson K. 2005. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. {pound}26 (softback) {pound}55 (hardback) 260 pp.

This volume is a timely updateand considerable expansion of the small book Seed Ecology, publishedby the first author twenty years ago, and long out of print. Is it useful to separate a particular branch of study such as‘seed ecology’ from the wider field of plant ecology?Aren't seeds just a particular packaged form of the sporophyte,at a certain stage in its life cycle? While some may ask thosequestions, a major strength of this book is the care that theauthors take throughout to set their review in the context ofcurrent ecological     

A Rapid Method for the Determination of the Leaf Area of Oxalis corniculata L. and Tephrosia purpurea (Linn.) pers.

A rapid simple method has been described for the determinationof leaf area of Oxalis corniculata L. (Oxalidaceae) and Tephrosiapurpurea (Linn.) pers. (Leguminoseae) by evaluating area = a²x0.866and a²x0.335 respectively for the two plants, where a representsa single linear measurement. The relation has been derived afterintegrating the equation of the curve r² = a² cos 2 coveringthe area of each leaflet. Areas of a large number of leaflets have been determined withthe help of two methods (1) Planimeter method, (2) Evaluationmethod. The significance of the difference between the two valuesfor a particular leaf has been statistically examined and itappears that the former method can be replaced by the latterin the case of these plants.     

Interactive flora of the British Isles: a digital encyclopedia. * Stace C, van der Meijden R, Kort I. 2004. * University of Amsterdam: ETI(Expert Center for TaxonomicIdentification). {pound}37.50 (DVD-ROM).

This DVD-ROM isa computerized version of Clive Stace's New Flora of the BritishIsles (1997, Cambridge University Press), with distributionmaps from the New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora (Prestonet al., 2002, Oxford University Press). In addition, the DVDhas more than 6500 colour photographs by 100 different photographersand over 2000 line drawings, mostly from the flora but alsofrom BSBI Handbooks, Watsonia and BSBI News (all publicationsof the Botanical Society of the British Isles). All the vascularplants (pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms) in the regionare covered, i.e. 3525 species in 166 families. The DVD enablesthe user to identify virtually any plant growing in     

Pertussis toxin directly activates endothelial cell p42/p44 MAP kinases via a novel signaling pathway

Bordetella pertussisgenerates a bacterial toxin utilized in signal transductioninvestigation because of its ability to ADP ribosylate specific Gproteins. We previously noted that pertussis toxin (PTX) directlyactivates endothelial cells, resulting in disruption of monolayerintegrity and intercellular gap formation via a signaling pathway thatinvolves protein kinase C (PKC). We studied the effect of PTX on theactivity of the 42- and 44-kDa extracellular signal-regulated kinases(ERK), members of a kinase family known to be activated by PKC. PTXcaused a rapid time-dependent increase in bovine pulmonary arteryendothelial cell ERK activity that was significantly attenuated by1) pharmacological inhibition of MEK, the upstream ERKactivating kinase, 2) an MEK dominant-negative construct,and 3) PKC inhibition with bisindolylmaleimide. There waslittle evidence for the involvement of either G-subunits, RasGTPases, Raf-1, p60^src, or phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinasesin PTX-mediated ERK activation. Both the purified -oligomer bindingsubunit of the PTX holotoxin and a PTX holotoxin mutant geneticallyengineered to eliminate intrinsic ADP ribosyltransferase activitycompletely reproduced PTX effects on ERK activation, suggesting thatPTX-induced ERK activation involves a novel PKC-dependent signalingmechanism that is independent of either Ras or Raf-1 activities anddoes not require G protein ADP ribosylation.

     

Seeds handbook: biology, production, processing and storage. 2nd edn. * Desai BB. 2004. * New York: Marcel Dekker.{pound}115 (hardback). 787 pp.

This book comprisesfour parts, the first three as identified in the title, anda fourth described as newer seed biotechnologies. Almost halfof the book is devoted to seed production,     

Phosphate and Membrane Electropotentials in Trifolium repens L.

In Trifolium repens L. there were immediate transient depolarizationsof the membrane electropotential (E_vo) when KH₂PO₄ was addedto phosphate-free media, but these were of the same magnitudeas the controls (K²SO⁴ and KCI). Furthermore, the extents ofdepolarization were the same as the expected effect of the addedK⁺ calculated using the Goldman equation. There was no significantdepolarization on adding H₃PO₄ to buffered media. Consequently,there was no evidence for a depolarization caused by phosphate.This result provides evidence that the H⁺–H₂PO₄ symportin roots of T. repens operates with a stoichiometry of 1: 1. In a group of control plants ( + P plants) and a group whichwere stressed by reducing the supply of phosphate (– Pplants), the – P plants had lower values for E_vo than+P plants (– 118 mV and – 130 mV, respectively).The absence of phosphate from the measurement media also reducedE_vo (mean effect = 9 mV). A significant difference in E_vo between– P and + P plants persisted when phosphate was addedto – P plants. The electropotential difference acrossthe tonoplast (E_vo) in – P plants became more positivewith time. Key words: White clover, membrane transport, roots, tonoplast, symport     

Instant notes in plant biology, 2nd edn. * Lack A, Evans D. 2005. * Oxford: Taylor and Francis. {pound}18.99 (paperback). 351 pp.

The ‘InstantNotes’ series from Bios will probably be familiar to manyreaders. The series' success is evident in the second editionsthat are appearing, e.g. the current volume—albeit nowunder the Taylor and Francis label. Content This book does what it says on the label; it provides noteson (probably) all of the topics within the compass of present-day‘plant biology’. Primarily, it deals with anatomy,growth and development, physiology, reproduction, and economicuses and ecology of flowering plants (angiosperms). However,it does cover other phyla of the Kingdom Plantae (principallyin two ‘taxonomy/evolution’ sections), and algae(along     

Roots: the dynamic interface between plants and the Earth. * Abe J, ed. 2003. * Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. * {euro}165 (hardback). 460 pp

All but five of the 46 contributionsin this symposium volume have been published already as a specialissue in Volume 255 of Plant and Soil in 2003. They are reproducedin exactly the same format and with the same pagination as inthe journal. To anyone who has access to Plant and Soil thisbook would therefore not be a sensible purchase. This is allthe more true because the editor has not provided any commentaryon the papers or subdivided them