基于ISSR与RAPD标记分析内蒙古赤芍的遗传多样性

采用ISSR和RAPD分子标记技术对28个赤芍种群进行遗传变异和亲缘关系分析,为准确地评价赤芍种质的遗传特征、资源保护及新品种选育提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)利用分别筛选的14条ISSR和RAPD引物扩增出257条和215条条带,其中多态性条带分别为251条和209条,多态性条带百分率分别为97.8%和97.2%;同时证实野生赤芍种群的遗传多样性高于栽培种群。(2)根据Shannon’s信息指数(I)和Nei’s基因多样性指数(H_e)值,发现内蒙古多伦种群(DL)的遗传多样性水平最高,建议在此地建立野生赤芍资源保护区。(3)根据遗传分化系数(G_(st)),发现野生赤芍种群的遗传分化主要发生在种群内,可能由遗传漂变引起;而栽培赤芍种群的遗传分化主要在种群间,说明栽培赤芍种群间的基因交流较少。(4)两种分子标记的聚类分析结果均将28个赤芍种群聚为5大类,遗传距离变化范围分别为0.115 1～0.343 8和0.095 5～0.286 2。研究表明,互相印证的ISSR和RAPD方法可以在DNA水平上更准确有效地分析赤芍种质资源的遗传结构和遗传多样性。     

基于线粒体COI、Cytb和COII基因的中国草地螟不同地理种群遗传分化分析

【目的】揭示中国草地螟Loxostege sticticalis不同地理种群的遗传分化程度。【方法】采用PCR技术扩增中国西北和华北地区草地螟11个地理种群的线粒体 COI, Cytb和COII基因序列,基于其序列变异及单倍型贝叶斯系统发育树和单倍型网络图分析,探讨不同地理种群间的遗传距离、分子系统发生关系及遗传分化程度。【结果】草地螟11个地理种群的线粒体 COI, Cytb和COII基因序列分别有24, 12和69个变异位点(分别占总序列的3.6%, 2.7%和8.8%),检测到的单倍型分别为22, 14和16个,单倍型多样度(Hd)分别为0.7600, 0.5842和0.7341,核苷酸平均差异度(K)分别为1.704, 0.752和3.997,不同单倍型间的遗传距离平均值分别为0.004, 0.005和0.013。总种群的Tajima’s D和Fu’s Fs值皆不显著,表明草地螟不同地理种群间的遗传分化不明显,群体大小稳定。根据各地理种群的单倍型建立的系统发育树和单倍型网络图表明,各单倍型散布在不同的地理种群中,无明显的地理分布格局。【结论】草地螟各地理种群的遗传距离与地理距离间不具有显著的相关性,其遗传分化不明显。     

基于线粒体COⅠ、Cytb和COⅡ基因的中国草地螟不同地理种群遗传分化分析

【目的】揭示中国草地螟Loxostege sticticalis不同地理种群的遗传分化程度。【方法】采用PCR技术扩增中国西北和华北地区草地螟11个地理种群的线粒体COⅠ,Cytb和COⅡ基因序列,基于其序列变异及单倍型贝叶斯系统发育树和单倍型网络图分析,探讨不同地理种群间的遗传距离、分子系统发生关系及遗传分化程度。【结果】草地螟11个地理种群的线粒体COⅠ,Cytb和COⅡ基因序列分别有24, 12和69个变异位点(分别占总序列的3.6%, 2.7%和8.8%),检测到的单倍型分别为22, 14和16个,单倍型多样度(Hd)分别为0.7600, 0.5842和0.7341,核苷酸平均差异度(K)分别为1.704, 0.752和3.997,不同单倍型间的遗传距离平均值分别为0.004, 0.005和0.013。总种群的Tajima’s D和Fu’s Fs值皆不显著,表明草地螟不同地理种群间的遗传分化不明显,群体大小稳定。根据各地理种群的单倍型建立的系统发育树和单倍型网络图表明,各单倍型散布在不同的地理种群中,无明显的地理分布格局。【结论】草地螟各地理种群的遗传距离与地理距离间不具有显著的相关性,其遗传分化不明显。     

福建南北泥蚶种内分化的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术,对泥蚶在福建以南(广东汕头和湛江)和福建以北(浙江温岭和韩国)种群(分别合称南方类群和北方类群)做了遗传分化研究。由筛选出的20个随机引物共获得103个清晰可辨的RAPD标记,扩增片段长度在250—2500bp。汕头种群与湛江种群,韩国种群与温岭种群之间的最小遗传距离分别为0．0612和0．0692,而南、北类群间的遗传距离却在0．3261-0．4511。类群间近交系数也大于类群内。NJ和UPGMA法构建的系统树均显示汕头种群、湛江种群首先聚在一起,再与温岭种群和韩国种群聚合,说明两个类群发生了较明显的遗传分化,估计与地理隔离有关。     

内蒙古地区亚洲小车蝗不同地理种群的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对内蒙古地区亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus(B.-bienko)9个不同地理种群90个个体进行扩增,8条随机引物扩增共产生了78条带,多态性片段为62条。对Nei′s基因多样性指数和遗传距离进行分析,结果表明:种群间的遗传分化系数为0.2343,即23.43%的遗传变异存在于种群间,种群内的遗传分化系数为0.7657,即76.57%的遗传多样性存在于种群内,群体内遗传多样性大于群体间遗传多样性。用NJ法对这3个种群的Nei′s遗传距离作聚类分析,结果表明亚洲小车蝗不同种群的遗传分化程度与地理距离具有正相关关系。     

采用RAPD和ISSR标记研究古尔班通古特沙漠东南缘梭梭种群的遗传结构

梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron (CA Mey.) Bunge)是一种沙漠旱生优势树种,具有重要的生态和经济价值,然而,我们对梭梭种群的遗传多样性和遗传结构所知甚少。本文采用RAPD和ISSR标记对来自古尔班通古特沙漠东南缘的4个天然梭梭种群的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了检测。5个RAPD引物和8个ISSR引物分别扩增出61和195条带,多态性位点比率分别为83.6%和89.7%,Shannon 信息指数分别为0.333和0.367,RAPD和ISSR分析均表明梭梭种群的遗传多样性水平较高。利用分子方差分析(AMOVA)研究梭梭种群的遗传结构,结果表明,大部分遗传变异存在于种群内,通过RAPD分析发现138.2%的遗传变异发生在种群内;通过ISSR分析发现89.4%的遗传变异发生在种群内;而种群间的遗传分化很小。通过RAPD标记没有检测到种群间的遗传分化, ISSR分析表明10.6%的遗传变异发生在种群内。我们推测梭梭种群较高的遗传多样性水平可能源于对异质、高胁迫环境的长期适应,但还需要进一步的研究加以证实。种群间遗传分异低的主要原因是种群间存在强大的基因流。     

采用RAPD和ISSR标记研究古尔班通古特沙漠东南缘梭梭种群的遗传结构

梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron(CA Mey.)Bunge)是一种沙漠旱生优势树种,具有重要的生态和经济价值,然而,我们对梭梭种群的遗传多样性和遗传结构所知甚少.本文采用RAPD和ISSR标记对来自古尔班通古特沙漠东南缘的4个天然梭梭种群的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了检测.5个RAPD引物和8个ISSR引物分别扩增出61和195条带,多态性位点比率分别为83.6%和89.7%,Shannon信息指数分别为0.333和0.367,RAPD和ISSR分析均表明梭梭种群的遗传多样性水平较高.利用分子方差分析(AMOVA)研究梭梭种群的遗传结构,结果表明,大部分遗传变异存在于种群内,通过RAPD分析发现138.2%的遗传变异发生在种群内;通过ISSR分析发现89.4%的遗传变异发生在种群内;而种群间的遗传分化很小.通过RAPD标记没有检测到种群间的遗传分化,ISSR分析表明10.6%的遗传变异发生在种群内.我们推测梭梭种群较高的遗传多样性水平可能源于对异质、高胁迫环境的长期适应,但还需要进一步的研究加以证实.种群间遗传分异低的主要原因是种群间存在强大的基因流.     

水松自然种群和人工种群遗传多样性比较

采用ISSR分子标记技术分析水松不同起源种群的遗传多样性.结果表明:10条引物共检测出95个扩增位点,多态位点数占39.0%.与其他濒危裸子植物相比,水松的遗传多样性较低,遗传分化系数Gst为0.3982,基因流Nm仅0.3778,种群间存在一定程度的遗传分化,但种群内变异占主导地位;遗传距离与地理距离呈正相关关系.自然种群的多态位点百分率(P)、Nei的条带多样度(He)和Shannon信息指数(Ⅰ)平均值(39.3%、0.1499和0.2202)分别高于人工种群(30.7%、0.1265和0.1759).自然种群的遗传分化系数(Gst0.4513)和平均遗传距离(D=0.0301)也高于人工种群(Gst=0.3025,D=0.0192).     

孑遗植物中华桫椤2个群体遗传多样性的ISSR分析

为阐明小尺度范围内濒危物种孑遗植物中华桫椤种群的遗传多样性,保护和恢复种质资源,本文采用ISSR分子标记技术对云南屏边大围山的大围山红旗水库和大围山山谷2个中华桫椤种群的遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明用从100个随机引物中筛选出的20个能高产稳定扩增的ISSR引物对2个群体共57个样品进行扩增,共获得132个可分析位点,其中大围山红旗水库的多态性位点83个,占62.87%,而大围山山谷的多态性位点97个,多态位点百分率(P)为73.48%,两者Nei's基因多样性分别为0.2614和0.2832,Shannon's信息指数分别为0.3762和0.4135,两个种群的遗传分化系数Gst为0.0701,分析结果表明中华桫椤种群内的遗传多样性较高,但两种群间的遗传分化不明显。本研究结果将对中华桫椤自然群体的保育和管理具有重要意义。     

人工与自然恢复条件下地被层优势种大羽藓的遗传多样性比较

基于随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)方法比较了川西米亚罗地区3个人工云杉林样地和3个天然次生林样地大羽藓(Thuidium cym bifolium)种群的遗传多样性及分化程度。人工林种群的平均多态位点百分比(PPL)为12.7%,Ne i’s基因多样性(HE)为0.042,Shannon’s信息指数(S)为0.064,种群内遗传一致度(I)为0.952;天然次生林种群则依次为10.0%、0.027、0.043和0.960。人工林种群和天然次生林种群Gst分别为0.592和0.702,Fst分别为0.639和0.695;结合UPGMA聚类和PCA分析,发现种群间的基因交流极少。单因素方差分析显示,人工林下大羽藓种群的遗传多样性水平显著高于天然次生林下种群(p<0.05),表明在皆伐迹地上通过人工造林能有效地促进林下物种遗传多样性的恢复。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Similar aerosol emission rates and viral loads in upper respiratory tracts for COVID-19 patients with Delta and Omicron variant infection

Highlights
1 Aerosol emission rates of Delta or Omicron patients were similar.
2 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of Alpha, Delta and Omicron patients were similar.
3 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of vaccinated or unvaccinated Delta patients had no difference.     

Recombinant human interferon-α1b inhibits SARS-CoV-2 better than interferon-α2b in vitro

Highlights
1) A comprehensive evaluation method for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs was established based on RT-qPCR, TCID₅₀ method, and immunofluorescence.
2) A significant antiviral effect of rHuIFN-α1b was shown with EC₅₀=0.12 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=0.52 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells, which was better than rHuIFN-α2b (EC₅₀=0.25 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=2.48 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells).
3) rHuIFN-α1b has a good potential in the application of anti-COVID-19 therapy.     

Continued antigenic variation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in laying hens in China, 2020–2021

Highlights
1. 13 strains of H7N9 viruses from laying hens in 2020 and 2021 were identified.
2. H7N9 viruses in China comprised at least 11 genotypes.
3. H7N9 viruses are high pathogenic in chickens, not in ducks.
4. The most H7N9 viruses cross-reacted poorly with H7-Re3 antiserum.
5. The H7-Re3 vaccine was unable to prevent H7N9 infection.