黄桃早春土施多效唑的影响

黄桃营养生长旺盛,故在周年生产管理中夏季修剪是极其重要的工作,但这一工作既费时费工又伤树,尤其是摘心扭梢等容易致使病菌侵入。对此,笔者用多效唑来缓解这一矛盾。据报道,多效唑只能在木质部向顶性地缓慢运输,而不能在韧皮部运输。这样桃树土施多效唑比叶面喷施效果要好。多效唑施入桃树根际土壤后,伴随根系吸收的水分和土壤营养液沿     

多效唑对高羊茅叶片中淀粉酶和转化酶活性的影响（简报）

高羊茅草坪草施用多效唑后,叶片的垂直生长受抑,叶片光合同化物向根系运输增强,叶片和根系中淀粉及可溶性糖含量升高,且叶片中淀粉含量与淀粉增活性正相关（r=0.88),另外,酸性转化酶活性也增加,但中性转化酶活性则降低,叶片中可溶性碳水化合物含量一直维持在较高水平。     

土施多效唑对小桐子营养生长与生殖生长的影响

小桐子(Jatropha curcas)是一种具有多种用途的植物,其种子含油量高达40％,是一种很有应用前景的能源植物.小桐子在温度、湿度较高的地区,特别是其修剪后新萌发的枝条经常出现营养生长旺盛,成花量较少的现象,导致其种子产量较低.本研究采用多效唑(paclobutrazol,PAC)对小桐子进行土施处理,结果表明:多效唑的使用剂量为0.8g·m-1树冠直径时,可有效抑制小桐子的营养生长,降低株高;同时促进小桐子的生殖生长,增加开花和结果枝条数量,增加花序和果序数量,增加单个花序的总花数和雌花的比例,可将小桐子单株种子产量提高2.4倍.此外,多效唑处理使小桐子的开花期和结果期更加集中,便于田间管理和采收.多效唑作为赤霉素合成的抑制剂,可以有效地促进小桐子由营养生长向生殖生长的转变,对于了解赤霉素在调控小桐子花发育方面的作用具有重要意义;同时也有助于克隆有关功能基因,进一步采用转基因技术对小桐子进行遗传改良.     

多效唑复合剂对几种观赏植物生长的控制

为了控制生长,使植株矮化,例枝增多,株形紧凑,从而创造出造型美观的中小盆花,我们以生长延缓剂──多效唑复合剂对数种观赏植物进行了试验。材料有菊花（Chrysanthemummorifolium）、扶桑（Hibiscusrosa-sinensis）、一品红（Euphorbiapulcherrima）和4种绿篱植物──叶子花（Bougainvilleaspectabilis,又称三角梅）、冬青（Ilexchinensis）、小蜡树（ligustrumsinense）、九里香（Murrayapaniculata）。药剂成份和配方见前文[植物生理学通讯,1995,31（5）：349]。采用土施和喷施两种方法。土施用药量每盆（7寸盆,2kg土）分别为0…     

多效唑复合剂对水仙生长的控制（简报）

筛选出的一种多效唑复合剂,能使室内水栽条件下的水仙根系变得粗短而健壮,叶片短厚、碧绿、挺拔、花枝矮壮、粗大、花期延长７￣１０ｄ。     

多效唑对大花高代组培苗生长的效应

以MS0、MS+PP3330.5mg·L-1、MS+PP3331mg·L-1和MS+PP3332mg·L-14种培养基研究多效唑(PP333)对大花高代组培苗生长影响的结果表明,PP333对大花高代组培苗有明显的矮化效应,在0.5￣2mg·L-1PP333范围内,浓度越高,植株越矮,节间越短,叶形指数越小。根据组培苗的真叶和根的发生动态、矮化和黄化程度综合考虑,认为MS+PP3331mg·L-1是较理想的矮化大花高代苗的培养基。     

多效唑（PP333）对苦荞植株生长的影响（简报）

在土壤肥力水平高的条件下,在苦荞分枝始期喷施多效唑能不同程度地提高光合强度,降低叶片氨基氮和茎尖可溶性糖含量,降低株高,增加每穗的花朵数和饱粒数,提高产量。     

高羊茅叶片表皮蜡质含量与其抗旱性的关系

以14个高羊茅品种为试验材料,在田间试验中对干旱高温胁迫下的叶片表皮蜡质含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度等生理指标测定分析。结果表明,干热胁迫下高羊茅品种间的叶片表皮蜡质含量和水分利用效率均存在极显著差异(P<0.01);叶片蜡质含量与综合抗旱性和水分利用效率的等级相关系数分别为0.78(P<0.01)和0.68(P<0.01);蜡质含量越高的品种,其叶片气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度越低,水分利用效率越高,但所有品种的水分利用效率绝对值都较低。研究发现,在干热胁迫时,高羊茅叶片表皮蜡质可通过对气孔导度的调节来减少气孔蒸腾,提高水分利用效率,最终提高其抗旱性;表皮蜡质含量可以作为高羊茅品种抗旱性鉴定的一个新指标。     

9个高羊茅品种初期生长对镉胁迫的响应

用Cd²⁺浓度0（对照）、25、50、75 mg/L分别处理9个高羊茅品种种子,测定供试品种种子发芽势、发芽率、幼苗苗高、根长、鲜重、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量、质膜透性等8项指标,比较9个品种耐镉性。结果表明:与对照相比,在不同浓度Cd²⁺胁迫下,家园的发芽势和发芽率以及麦哲伦鲜重呈先略上升后下降趋势,其余品种的均呈下降趋势;9个高羊茅品种幼苗根长、苗高、叶绿素含量均呈下降趋势;9个高羊茅品种丙二醛含量和质膜透性均呈上升趋势。对测定的8项指标进行综合评价结果显示:在Cd²⁺25 mg/L胁迫下,9个品种耐Cd²⁺性由强到弱的顺序为热浪>翠碧A>里园2号>缤狗>麦哲伦>家园>宇宙星>回报>爱瑞3号;在Cd²⁺50 mg/L胁迫下,耐Cd²⁺性的顺序为热浪>翠碧A>缤狗>麦哲伦>里园2号>家园>宇宙星>爱瑞3号>回报;在Cd²⁺ 75 mg/L胁迫下,耐Cd²⁺性的顺序为热浪>缤狗>里园2号>翠碧A>家园>麦哲伦>爱瑞3号>宇宙星>回报。所以,在治理Cd²⁺污染土壤时,要根据污染严重程度,合理选用高羊茅品种。     

高羊茅和其他羊茅植株再生与遗传转化研究进展

高羊茅、紫羊茅和草地羊茅均为很重要的多年生冷季型牧草与草坪草,生物技术在其品种改良中具有很大的应用潜力.30年来,三种羊茅的组织培养、胚性培养物的长期保存以及遗传转化等研究取得了较大进展,已建立起多种植株再生体系和遗传转化技术,但作为单子叶植物,这些草种的组织培养和转基因遗传改良也还存在一些问题.本文就以上几方面的内容进行了综述.     

高羊茅和多年生黑麦草内生真菌的分子检测

根据GenBank上报道的内生真菌Neotyphodium coenophialum和N.lolii的Nc25基因序列,设计了2对特异性引物FM1/R1和F3/R652,建立了一套适合于从高羊茅和多年生黑麦草种子中检测内生真菌N.coenophialum和N.lolii的常规PCR和巢式PCR方法。     

Sink to source transition in developing leaf blades of tall fescue

This study aims to characterize the translocation of photosynthates within and from developing tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea ) leaves at the time of transition from sink to source. The developing leaf contains a source, the exposed tip, and a sink, the growing basal portion. When the exposed tip of the developing blade is labelled with ¹⁴CO₂, it exports photosynthates exclusively to sinks within the developing blade until the blade reaches 80% of its final length, when photosynthates begin to be exported from the blade and pass through the collar to reach the growing sheath and the next expanding leaf. Concurrently, the previous mature leaves reduce their level of photosynthate export to the developing blade; export stops as soon as the sheath of the developing leaf elongates beyond 10 mm. Export from the mature leaves to the growing sheath and to the next expanding leaf blade increases rapidly. Thus, in a developing tall fescue leaf blade photosynthate importation and exportation are exclusive events: the expanding blade imports photosynthate from mature leaves until it reaches 80% of its final length, then exportation begins and importation ceases.     

内生真菌感染对宿主植物高羊茅锌耐受性的影响

以感染内生真菌(Neotyphodium coenophialum)和未感染内生真菌的高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)为实验材料,在营养液中加入ZnSO4进行锌胁迫实验,分析内生真菌对宿主植物锌耐受性的影响。与未感染内生真菌的植株相比,内生真菌感染对高羊茅的总生物量没有显著增益作用,但增加了分蘖数和叶片延伸生长累积值。内生真菌感染降低了高羊茅中Zn2+的总含量,改变了锌在高羊茅中的分配,增加叶鞘中锌的含量,减少叶片中锌的含量。在高锌浓度下,内生真菌感染对净光合速率的变化没有影响,但是显著提高了其宿主的PSⅡ光化学效率(Fv/Fm)。总体来看,内生真菌感染改善宿主高羊茅的锌耐受性。     

Measurement of a growth-induced water potential gradient in tall fescue leaves

Spatial distribution of cell turgor pressure, cell osmotic pressure and relative elemental growth rate were measured in growing tall fescue leaves ( Festuca arundinacea ). Cell turgor pressure (measured with a pressure probe) was c . 0.55 MPa in expanding cells but increased steeply (+0.3 MPa) in cells where elongation had stopped. However, cell osmotic pressure (measured with a picolitre osmometer) was almost constant at 0.85 MPa throughout the leaf. The water potential difference between the growth zone and the mature zone (0.3 MPa) was interpreted as a growth-induced water potential gradient. This and further implications for the mechanism of growth control are discussed.     

Effects of nitrogen deficiency on leaf photosynthetic response of tall fescue to water deficit

Abstract. The objective of the present work was to study the effect of nitrogen deficiency on drought sensitivity of tall fescue plants. The authors compared photosynthetic and stomatal behaviour of plants grown at either high (8 mol m⁻³) or low (0.5 mol m⁻³) nitrogen levels during a drought cycle followed by rehydration. Other processes investigated were stomatal and non-stomatal inhibition of leaf photosynthesis, water use efficiency and leaf rolling. Plants were grown in pots in controlled conditions on expanded clay. A Wescor in situ hygrometer placed on the leaf base outside the assimilation chamber permitted, simultaneously to leaf gas exchange measurements, monitoring of leaf water potential. Drought was imposed by withholding water from the pot. CO₂ uptake and stomatal conductance decreased and leaves started to roll at a lower leaf water potential in the high-N than in the low-N grown plants. Stomatal inhibition of leaf photosynthesis seemed larger in the low-N than in the high-N plants. Water-use efficiency increased more in the high-N than in the low-N grown plants during the drought. The decrease of photosynthesis was largely reversible after rehydration in low-N but not in high-N leaves. The authors suggest that low-N plants avoid water deficit rather than tolerate it.