生长因子对枯草芽孢杆菌纤溶酶在转基因烟草根系中分泌表达的调节

根系可分泌表达枯草芽孢杆菌纤溶酶(Bacillus subtilis fibrinolytic enzyme,BSFE)的转基因烟草在0、8、16和24h的光照条件下,在25℃、30℃和昼30℃／夜25℃、16h／8h光暗培养条件下和通气与不通气的水培处理下,其水培液BSFE活性呈抛物线型变化趋势。延长光照时间可加快其根系向水培液中分泌BSFE,峰值出现提前,但培养后期水培液BSFE活性急剧降低。四个时间处理相比,8、16h光照处理能维持该转基因烟草根系BSFE分泌的较高水平。建议生产中使用16h以上光照培养．适当缩短培养液更新周期,以8～10d为宜。昼30℃／夜25℃培养条件下水培液BSFE活性在峰值出现前介于30℃、和25℃培养条件之间,而峰值出现后则高于30℃、和25℃、培养条件,说明温度对器官生长、代谢的影响是造成3种温度处理下水培液BSFE活性差异的主要原因。通气处理可提高该转基因烟草根系BSFE的分泌水平。但在1～15d的培养期内,通气处理与不通气处理间不存在显著差异。这说明通气处理对短时间培养并不必要。     

枯草芽孢杆菌纤溶酶基因在转基因烟草组织中的分泌表达

克隆枯草芽孢杆菌纤溶酶(Bacillussubtilisfibrinolyticenzyme,BSFE)基因及其前导肽序列。通过农杆菌EHA105介导转化,获得转基因烟草植株。其BSFE的表达水平为叶片42.97±28.59U·g-1FW、茎15.14±10.57U·g-1FW和根25.55±14.71U·g-1FW。其内源BSFE信号肽可在转基因烟草中行使蛋白转运功能,使BSFE具有分泌表达特性。这一系统可用于建立利用植物组织分泌表达外源蛋白的系统模型。     

异源过表达胡杨PeDWF4基因提高烟草对非生物胁迫的耐性

本研究以烟草为材料异源过表达了胡杨PeDWF4基因,选取T1代的转基因阳性植株和野生型烟草幼苗水培培养50 d后对其分别施加100 mmol/L Na Cl、100 mmol/L甘露醇和100μmol/L Cu SO4进行处理,通过测定其植株生物量、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶系统酶SOD和POD活性,渗透调节物质(脯氨酸,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白)含量等,研究在不同非生物胁迫下PeDWF4转基因烟草对胁迫的生理生化响应及过量表达PeDWF4基因对其抗逆方面的影响和作用。结果表明,(1)异源过表达PeDWF4基因可显著提高转基因烟草的植株鲜重和生物量;(2)在3种胁迫下,转基因烟草通过减少叶片内叶绿素的降解,增加抗氧化系统酶SOD和POD活性以及提高渗透调节物脯氨酸等的含量等方式来减少非生物胁迫对自身的伤害。以上结果表明,异源表达PeDWF4基因可能是通过提高了转基因烟草內源的BR含量,从而提高了烟草对于以上3种非生物胁迫的耐性。     

转彩色马铃薯StAN1基因的烟草幼苗耐旱性分析

该研究以转彩色马铃薯StAN1基因烟草为材料、野生型烟草(WT)为对照,测定分析转StAN1基因烟草在种子萌发期、幼苗期和苗期对干旱(甘露醇)处理的耐受情况,并对苗期旱热共同胁迫的耐受情况进行测定分析,以探讨彩色马铃薯StAN1基因的功能,为耐旱彩色马铃薯育种提供新路径。结果显示:(1)转StAN1基因烟草鉴定显示,阳性率为82.6%,且转基因烟草的叶片明显变紫,花青素含量极显著高于野生型烟草。(2)在培养基甘露醇浓度为150 mmol/L时,点播在培养基上的转基因烟草种子第5天时的萌发率达到了7%,是野生型烟草萌发率的2.3倍。(3)在甘露醇浓度为0和100 mmol/L的培养基上竖直培养时,转基因烟草的根长分别是野生型烟草的1.46和1.30倍,根长比野生型烟草显著增长。(4)在干旱胁迫下,转基因烟草幼苗叶片中的脯氨酸含量以及超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著高于野生型烟草,丙二醛含量均显著低于野生型烟草。(5)转基因烟草LEA基因和ERF基因在干旱和旱热处理中的相对表达量均高于野生型烟草。研究表明,StAN1基因在提高植物花青素含量的同时也提高了植物的耐旱性。     

转双基因烟草对棉铃虫的杀虫活性评价*

以含Bt杀虫蛋白基因(单基因)烟草和常规烟草为对照,系统测定了含Bt与豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(CpTI)蛋白基因(双基因)的抗虫烟草对棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)不同龄期幼虫的杀虫活性.结果表明：1～3龄幼虫取食转双基因烟草3d后死亡率为80.5%～99.3%,取食6d后死亡率达100%,均显著高于转单基因烟草。2龄幼虫取食转基因烟草3d后转至正常饲料,转双基因烟草对幼虫死亡率、存活虫体重、化蛹率和化蛹时间等生长发育的影响,均显著高于转单基因烟草。     

干旱胁迫下平邑甜茶各器官中山梨醇的累积

检测聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)模拟干旱下的水培苗、自然干旱下的盆栽苗和离体叶片自然失水后平邑甜茶不同器官中山梨醇含量和相关代谢酶活性的结果表明,轻度和中度干旱胁迫下的平邑甜茶叶中山梨醇含量、6-磷酸山梨醇脱氢酶(S6PDH)和6-磷酸山梨醇磷酸酶(SorPP)活性以及韧皮部中山梨醇含量显著增加;根和韧皮部中山梨醇含量平行上升,山梨醇脱氢酶(SDH)活性随之下降。     

转柽柳晚期胚胎富集蛋白基因烟草T1代的耐盐性评价

目的:验证转柽柳晚期胚胎富集(LEA)蛋白基因烟草T1代的耐盐性。方法:采用盐胁迫方式,对转柽柳LEA蛋白基因烟草T1代的6个株系及非转基因对照烟草T1代进行不同浓度NaCl胁迫处理,分析了NaCl胁迫下转基因烟草的生长量、根系的发育及盐害程度。结果:各转基因烟草T1代组培苗在150mmol/L的NaCl培养基上根系生长良好,平均增重(鲜重)是非转基因对照的7.72倍,平均高生长是非转基因对照的3.51倍,盐害指数低于或等于50%;而非转基因对照烟草T1代组培苗生长缓慢,根系几乎不能生长发育,盐害指数达65%。结论:柽柳LEA蛋白基因的导入提高了T1代烟草的耐盐性。     

表达多肽抗生素apidaecin的转基因烟草及其抗病性的初步分析

将多肽抗生素apidaecin基因与病程相关蛋白的信号肽序列融合,构建了apidaecin的分泌型植物表达载体、apidaecin与另一多肽抗生素Shiva\|I的双价分泌型植物表达载体,以本实验室原来构建的Shiva-I分泌型植物表达载体做对照,转化了模式植物烟草。对3种转基因植物进行了分子检测,转化再生苗95%为PCR阳性,Southern杂交结果进一步证明外源基因已经整合到了烟草基因组中,RT-PCR检测表明外源基因可以在转基因烟草内正常转录。对T0代转基因烟草进行烟草野火病的抗病性实验,从3种转基因烟草中都得到了抗病植株,病情指数分析的初步结果显示,双价转基因烟草抗病性最好,apidaecin的次之,Shiva-I的最差。     

胡杨Ring finger E3连接酶PeRH2提高烟草耐旱机制研究

近期研究表明泛素化在植物胁迫响应中扮演一个关键的角色。作为泛素-蛋白酶体系统(UPS)中的关键酶,泛素E3连接酶更是在细胞的新陈代谢中起着重要的作用。本文从胡杨中克隆了一个C端含有Ring finger结构域的蛋白(152个氨基酸)编码基因(Pe RH2),经过序列比对推断该基因编码产物为泛素E3连接酶,属于Ring finger家族中的Ring-H2构型。研究显示,甘露醇胡杨苗木在255 mmol/L甘露醇胁迫下,叶片Pe RH2表达量上调。拟南芥原生质体中瞬时表达融合质粒p Yellow0029-Pe RH2的研究表明,Pe RH2蛋白定位于细胞核。以农杆菌介导法将Pe RH2转入烟草,Sq RT-PCR结果显示,Pe RH2在转基因烟草中获得过表达。在255 mmol/L甘露醇处理下,转基因烟草幼苗耐受渗透胁迫的能力高于野生型和转空载体烟草。干旱处理后,转基因烟草的叶片保水力明显高于野生型和转空载体烟草,而叶片相对电导率、MDA的含量也要低于野生型和转空载体烟草。因此,过表达Pe RH2能够提高烟草的抗旱能力。     

转天山雪莲sikPIP3基因烟草的获得及抗逆性鉴定

利用PCR技术从实验室建立的天山雪莲DNA文库中克隆了天山雪莲质膜水孔蛋白基因sikPIP3,构建了植物表达载体pBI121-sikPIP3,通过农杆菌介导法转化烟草品种NC89,经PCR和RT-PCR检测证明目的基因成功导入并得到了表达,采用水分胁迫进行抗旱分析和采用冷冻胁迫进行抗寒性分析。结果显示:(1)克隆出具有水孔蛋白基因特性的sikPIP3基因。(2)经断水干旱处理,转基因烟草的生长表型优于野生型烟草,特别是在断水9d的情况下,野生型烟草已经完全萎蔫,转基因烟草萎蔫症状较轻;生理指标测量结果显示,转基因烟草的相对电导率和MDA的含量低于野生型烟草,相对含水量和CAT活性高于野生型烟草。试验表明转sikPIP3烟草的抗旱性高于野生型烟草。(3)经不同温度胁迫处理,转基因烟草的生长表型优于野生型烟草,特别是在-4℃冷处理6h情况下,野生型烟草已经完全萎蔫,转基因烟草只出现少量伤斑;生理指标分析结果表明,转基因烟草的相对电导率和MDA的含量低于野生型烟草,CAT活性高于野生型烟草。试验表明转sikPIP3烟草的抗寒性高于野生型烟草。综合结果表明:sikPIP3基因在抗逆基因工程方面具有较高的应用前景。     

Tuning of electronic properties of one-dimensional cyano-bridged Cu-Ni, Cu-Pd, and Cu-Pt bimetallic assemblies by stereochemistry of ligands

Preparations, XPS and electronic spectroscopy, and magnetism of seven new one-dimensional cyano-bridged coordination polymers, chiral [Cu(RR-chxn)₂][Pd(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (1), [Cu(trans-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (2, 4, and 6 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt), and [Cu(cis-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (3, 5, and 7 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt) (RR-chxn = cyclohexane-(1R,2R)-diamine, trans-chxn = racemic trans-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine, and cis-chxn = racemic cis-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine) have been reported in view of tuning of their electronic properties by stereochemistry of chxn ligands and metal-substitution. Comparison of Cu 2p_1/2 and 2p_3/2 peaks of XPS and broad d-d bands around 18 000 cm⁻¹ of electronic spectra are described systematically for 1-7. Variable-temperature magnetic measurement shows that complexes 1-7 indicate weak antiferromagnetic interactions via cyano-bridges. Because of semi-coordination coupled with pseudo Jahn-Teller elongation and electrostatic interaction for 1, the axial Cu-N coordination bond distances of 2.330(7) and 3.092(8) Å are considerably longer than those of equatorial ones in the range from 2.016(6) to 2.030(6) Å. The former bond distances of 1 are intermediate values among the related Ni (2.324(6) and 3.120(8) Å) and Pt (2.34(1) and 3.09(1) Å) complexes.     

多马胺能药物对鲇鱼促性腺激素（GtH）分泌活动的影响

以珠江流域鲇鱼（silurus asotus)为实验材料,研究了多巴胺（DA）能药物（DA及其D－2型受体拮抗物 ,DOM）对鲇鱼促性腺激素（GtH)释放的影响,结果表明,在性腺发育的各个时期,单独注射DOM（5ug/g)均不能显著提高鲇鱼血液基础GtH水平,当DOM与LHRH－A联合注射时能显著增强LHRH－A刺激GtH释放的作用;DA只能抑制GnRH诱导的GtH释放,对基础GtH释放无抑制作用,这种生殖内分泌调节方式与鲇形目的革胡子鲇（Clarias gariepinus)和大鳍Hu（Mystus macropterus)相似,而与鲤形目的鲁科（Cyrpindiae)鱼类不同。     

Influence of Fluoride on Rat Kidney Antioxidant System: Effects of Methionine and Vitamin E

The aim of the study has been to determine and compare the influence upon the kidney antioxidative system, exercised by administration of vitamin E, and vitamin E in combination with methionine, under conditions of oxidative stress induced by sodium fluoride. The experiment was carried out on Wistar FL rats (adult males) that, for 35 days, were administered water, NaF, NaF with vitamin E, or vitamin E with methionine (doses: 10 mg NaF/kg of body mass/24 h, 3 mg vitamin E per 10 μl per rat for 24 h, 2 mg methionine per rat for 24 h). The influence of administered sodium fluoride and antioxidants upon the antioxidative system in kidney was examined by analyzing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of the most important antioxidative enzymes (SOD, total and both its isoenzymes, GPX, GST, GR, and CAT). The studies carried out confirmed the disadvantageous effect of the administered dose of NaF upon the antixodiative system in rats (increase in the concentration MDA, decrease activity of all antioxidative enzymes). The administration of vitamin E increased the activity of studied enzymes with the exception of glutathione reductase GR; it also reduced the procesess of lipid peroxidation. It has been found that combined doses of vitamin E and methionine were most effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation processes. The results confirmed the antioxidative properties of methionine.     

Reorientation of Microfibrils and Microtubules at the Outer Epidermal Wall of Maize Coleoptiles During Auxin-Mediated Growth

Auxin-mediated elongation growth of isolated subapical coleoptile segments of maize (Zea mays L.) is controlled by the extensibility of the outer cell wall of the outer epidermis (Kutschera et al., 1987). Here we investigate the hypothesis that auxin controls the extensibility of this wall by changing the orientation of newly deposited microfibrils through a corresponding change in the orientation of cortical microtubules. On the basis of electron micrographs it is shown that cessation of growth after removal of the endogenous source of auxin is correlated with a relative increase of longitudinally orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. Conversely, reinduction of growth by exogenous auxin is correlated with a relative increase of transversely orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. These changes can be detected 30–60 min after the removal and addition of auxin, respectively. The functional significance of directional changes of newly desposited wall microfibrils for the control of elongation growth is discussed.     

Combination of dihydromyricetin and ondansetron strengthens antiproliferative efficiency of adriamycin in K562/ADR through downregulation of SORCIN: A new strategy of inhibiting P-glycoprotein

Though the advancement of chemotherapy drugs alleviates the progress of cancer, long-term therapy with anticancer agents gradually leads to acquired multidrug resistance (MDR), which limits the survival outcomes in patients. It was shown that dihydromyricetin (DMY) could partly reverse MDR by suppressing P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and soluble resistance-related calcium-binding protein (SORCIN) independently. To reverse MDR more effectively, a new strategy was raised, that is, circumventing MDR by the coadministration of DMY and ondansetron (OND), a common antiemetic drug, during cancer chemotherapy. Meanwhile, the interior relation between P-gp and SORCIN was also revealed. The combination of DMY and OND strongly enhanced antiproliferative efficiency of adriamycin (ADR) because of the increasing accumulation of ADR in K562/ADR-resistant cell line. DMY could downregulate the expression of SORCIN and P-gp via the ERK/Akt pathways, whereas OND could not. In addition, it was proved that SORCIN suppressed ERK and Akt to inhibit P-gp by the silence of SORCIN, however, not vice versa. Finally, the combination of DMY, OND, and ADR led to G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via resuming P53 function and restraining relevant proteins expression. These fundamental findings provided a promising approach for further treatment of MDR.     

Structure and function of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase

In mammals, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) is the only known enzyme to catalyze the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to homocysteine and adenosine. AdoHcy is the product of all adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent biological transmethylations. These reactions have a wide range of products, and are common in all facets of biometabolism. As a product inhibitor, elevated levels of AdoHcy suppress AdoMet-dependent transmethylations. Thus, AdoHcyase is a regulator of biological transmethylation in general. The three-dimensional structure of AdoHcyase complexed with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADH) and the inhibitor (1′R, 2′S, 3′R)-9-(2′,3′-dihyroxycyclopenten-1-yl)adenine (DHCeA) was solved by a combination of the crystallographic direct methods program, SnB, to determine the selenium atom substructure and by treating the multiwavelength anomalous diffraction data as a special case of multiple isomorphous replacement. The enzyme architecture resembles that observed for NAD-dependent dehydrogenases, with the catalytic domain and the cofactor binding domain each containing a modified Rossmann fold. The two domains form a deep active site cleft containing the cofactor and bound inhibitor molecule. A comparison of the inhibitor complex of the human enzyme and the structure of the rat enzyme, solved without inhibitor, suggests that a 17° rigid body movement of the catalytic domain occurs upon inhibitor/substrate binding.     

Evolution of different oligomeric glycyl-tRNA synthetases

There are two oligomeric types of glycyl-tRNA synthetases (GlyRSs) in genome, the alpha2beta2 tetramer and alpha2 dimer. Here, we showed that the anticodon-binding domains (ABDs) of dimeric and tetrameric GlyRSs are non-homologous, although their catalytic central domains (CCDs) are homologous. The dimeric GlyRS_ABD is fused to the C-terminal of CCD in alpha-subunit, but the tetrameric GlyRS_ABD is to the C-terminal in beta-subunit during evolution. Generally, one species only contains one oligomeric type of GlyRS, but the both oligomeric GlyRSs with the multiple homologous domains can be observed in Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum genome, nevertheless, these homologous domains are probably from different genomes.     

Plasmodium berghei: lack of antimalarial activity of an analogue of folate precursor, 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxymethylpteridine in a mouse model

It was earlier hypothesized that the malarial parasite may convert precursors of folate analogues to synthesize de novo inhibitors toxic to itself, but not to the mammalian cell. It was suggested that one such analogue, 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxymethylpteridine (DAP) may be converted to aminopterin (AMP), a known dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of DAP to inhibit proliferation of Plasmodium berghei NK65 in mice, with(out) folinic acid rescue. Cumulative dosages of DAP ranging from 0.1 to 20 mg/kg bw. administered either orally or intraperitoneally showed no suppression of parasite growth, or gave mild activities that were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Our findings do not seem to support the hypothesis of selective de novo metabolism of DAP to AMP by the malarial parasite.     

In vitro studies of the rabbit immune system. IV. Differential mitogen responses of isolated T and B cells.

The mitogenic responses of separated rabbit lymphocyte populations functionally analogous to mouse T and B cells have been tested in vitro. Purified T cells were prepared by passage over nylon wool (NW) and purified B cells prepared by treatment with antithymocyte serum and complement (ATS + C). ATS + C kills 70% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL's) and 50% of the spleen cells while passage over NW yields 40% of the applied PBL's and 5–23% of the applied spleen cells. NW-purified T cells from the spleen or PBL's respond fully to concanavalin A (Con A) but have a reduced response to phytohemaglutinin (PHA) and little or no response to goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (anti-Ig). PBL's that survive ATS + C (B cells) are stimulated by anti-Ig but not by Con A or PHA. B cells purified from spleen do not respond to Con A or PHA but will respond to anti-Ig under appropriate conditions. A full spleen B-cell response to anti-Ig required removal of Ig produced by the cultures that blocked anti-Ig stimulation. It is concluded that, for rabbit lymphocytes, Con A and PHA are primarily T-cell mitogens and that anti-Ig is primarily a B-cell mitogen. However, the mitogen response of unfractionated PBL or spleen cell populations indicates an overlap in reactivity. This could be due to cells sharing T and B properties, alteration of cell populations by the fractionation procedures used, or recruitment of one population in the presence of a mitogenic response of the other population.     

围隔藻类水华演替过程中二甲基硫化物的含量动态

于2005年6月至7月,研究了海洋围隔不同藻类水华演替过程中二甲基硫化物的含量动态,并考察了相关环境参数对二甲基硫化物含量的影响。2个围隔实验组均出现未知藻水华-硅藻水华-甲藻水华的演替过程,这3次不同藻类水华分别对应了二甲基硫化物含量的3次高峰,表明藻类水华对二甲基硫化物含量有重要贡献。不同藻类水华的贡献有较大差异,甲藻水华的贡献最大,硅藻次之,未知藻类水华的贡献最小。实验结果还表明PO4^3-、NO2^-和NH4^＋主要通过影响藻类生长状态,进而影响DMSP和DMSO的含量;NO2^-和NH4^＋亦可能通过调节DMSP和DMSO在藻细胞内的生理功能,影响DMSP和DMSO的含量;PO4^3-、NO2^-和NH4^＋与DMS含量无显著相关。