基因工程在花卉遗传改良中的应用研究

对 1 0年来基因工程技术在花卉花色、形态、抗性、花期、瓶插寿命和花香等重要性状改良中的应用进行了综述 ,并对基因工程在花卉分子育种中的应用前景提出了一些见解     

基因工程在花卉遗传改良中的应用研究

对10年来基因工程技术在花卉花色、形态、抗性、花期、瓶插寿命和花香等重要性状改良中的应用进行了综述,并对基因工程在花卉分子育种中的应用前景提出了一些见解。     

百花山景区野生花卉资源及其园林应用

我国拥有丰富的野生花卉资源,具有很大的园林应用潜能。通过对野生资源进行引种驯化栽培,培育出观赏价值高和适应性强的花卉新品种,从而达到丰富园林植物资源,更好地为城市园林建设服务的目标,这将成为人们未来研究的重点。通过对北京百花山景区野生花卉资源的实地调查和资料整理,报道了多种具有较高观赏水平和引种驯化潜力的野生花卉,并阐述了其在园林中的应用价值,同时提出了多种将我国野生花卉的资源优势转化为经济优势的有效途径。     

百花山野生花卉资源及园林应用

百花山野生花分资源丰富,有华北“天然植物园”之称。分析了百花山的植被状况,野生花卉的特点及园林应用,重点介绍了浅裂剪秋罗、金莲花、瞿麦、高乌头、翠雀、华北楼斗莱等20种观赏价值高的野生花卉资源特征、分布及其在园林中的应用,井介绍了4种野生花卉的繁育技术。以期引起园林工作者对野生花卉的重视,用野生花丰富园林植物的种类。     

1-MCP对植物乙烯反应的抑制和应用

综述了1-MCP在受体水平上抑制植物对乙烯反应的作用机制,并对其在调控果实,蔬菜和花卉成熟衰老中的潜在应用价值作了介绍。     

菊科野生花卉在城市园林绿化中的应用前景

菊科野生花卉具有种类繁多、抗逆性和适应性强、观赏价值较高、自我繁殖能力强等优点,在城市园林绿化中具有广阔的应用前景。本文详细阐述了几种可应用的菊科野生花卉,就其观赏特性和应用前景进行了深入分析,并在此基础上对应用菊科野生花卉需要注意的问题进行了探讨。     

黑龙江省野生宿根花卉资源及在园林中的应用

黑龙江省地处寒温带,地形复杂,野生宿根花卉资源非常丰富。在对这些野生宿根花卉研究资料进行归纳、整理的基础上,结合野外实地调查,筛选出了观赏价值较高的野生宿根花卉236种。从观赏特性、园林用途等方面进行了分析,并对野生宿根花卉资源在城市园林绿化、美化中的合理利用提出了建议。     

重要花卉植物高密度遗传连锁图谱构建研究进展

遗传连锁图谱是以遗传标记间重组频率为基础的染色体或基因组内位点相对位置的线性排列图,高密度遗传图谱构建可实现物理图谱和遗传图谱的整合,对促进基因图位克隆具有重要作用。利用遗传图谱可有效地提高育种效率和改良品种。重要花卉植物高遗传图谱精密度尚无法满足精细定位研究的要求,百合、紫薇、郁金香、向日葵等重要花卉高密度遗传图谱构建研究较少,制约了花卉植物分子育种研究进程。概述了高密度遗传图谱构建流程及作图方法,综述了牡丹、梅花、月季、菊花、兰花、荷花、桂花等重要花卉植物遗传图谱构建研究进展,讨论了重要花卉植物高密度遗传图谱构建存在的主要问题,对今后重要花卉植物遗传图谱构建研究的发展方向及其在育种中的应用前景进行了展望,以期为花卉植物基因定位、辅助基因组组装、比较基因组学、基因克隆、分子标记辅助育种等提供参考。     

一种值得在园林中推广的野生芳香花卉——野扇花

野扇花是我国的一种观叶赏果又闻香的野生芳香植物,过去把它作为园林花卉去研究的较少。侧重介绍了它的分类分布、形态特征、生活习性、繁殖方法、栽培管理、园林花卉中的应用等基础知识和实用技术,这对开发利用此种野生植物资源具有良好的现实意义．     

分子标记在花卉种质资源研究中的应用(综述)

本文综述分子标记的主要类型和特点,以及分子标记在花卉的遗传多样性、分类、起源、进化、品种鉴定、杂种纯度鉴定、遗传图谱构建、性状基因定位和克隆、花卉育种等研究中的应用概况。     

基因诊断

分子生物学技术的飞速发展为临床疾病提供了新的诊断手段。基因诊断 (ｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｄｉ ａｇｎｏｓｉｓ)是属于全新内容、全新技术和全新概念的实验室诊断方法 ,该方法直接探查基因的存在状态及功能 ,即基因型的改变 ,可对疾病作出可靠诊断 ,又称ＤＮＡ诊断[1] 。1 .传统疾病诊断方法的缺陷传统的疾病诊断方法大多为“表型诊断” ,以疾病或病原体的表型为依据。这种诊断方法有许多缺陷 ,表现为 :(1 )某些表型的改变不具特异性 ;(2 )疾病的表型改变往往出现较晚 ,易错过治疗的最佳时期 ;(3 )某些疾病本身不呈现显著的表型改变 ,用传统的检…     

Genetic traits

Recognizing that all traits are the result of an interaction between genes and environment, I offer a set of criteria for nevertheless making sense of our practice of singling out certain traits as genetic ones, in effect making a distinction between causes and mere conditions. The central criterion is that a trait is genetic if it is genetic differences that make the differences in that trait variable in a given population. A second criterion requires that genetic traits be individuated in a way that matches what some genetic factors cause specifically. Clarifying our causal and classificatory language here can help us to avoid confusions of both theoretical and practical significance.     

Genetic hitchhiking

Selection on one or more genes inevitably perturbs other genes, even when those genes have no direct effect on fitness. This article reviews the theory of such genetic hitchhiking, concentrating on effects on neutral loci. Maynard Smith and Haigh introduced the classical case where the perturbation is due to a single favourable mutation. This is contrasted with the apparently distinct effects of inherited variation in fitness due to loosely linked loci. A model of fluctuating selection is analysed which bridges these alternative treatments. When alleles sweep between extreme frequencies at a rate lambda, the rate of drift is increased by a factor (1 + E[1/pq]lambda/(2(2lambda + r))), where the recombination rate r is much smaller than the strength of selection. In spatially structured populations, the effects of any one substitution are weaker, and only cause a local increase in the frequency of a neutral allele. This increase depends primarily on the rate of recombination relative to selection (r/s), and more weakly, on the neighbourhood size, Nb = 4(pi rho sigma)2. Spatial subdivision may allow local selective sweeps to occur more frequently than is indicated by the overall rate of molecular evolution. However, it seems unlikely that such sweeps can be sufficiently frequent to increase significantly the drift of neutral alleles.     

Genetic PEGylation

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was genetically incorporated into a polypeptide. Stop-anticodon-containing tRNAs were acylated with PEG-containing amino acids and were then translated into polypeptides corresponding to DNA sequences containing the stop codons. The molecular weights of the PEG used were 170, 500, 700, 1000, and 2000 Da, and the translation was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The PEG incorporation ratio decreased as the molecular weight of PEG increased, and PEG with a molecular weight of 1000 Da was only slightly incorporated. Although improvement is required to increase the efficiency of the process, this study demonstrates the possibility of genetic PEGylation.