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1.
植物的糖信号及其对碳氮代谢基因的调控   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
介绍了植物蔗糖和已糖转运蛋白(SUT,HXT)及各自糖转运功能与调控,总结了不同糖类的胞内信号转过程及其对碳,氮代谢基因表达调控的最新研究进展,同时分析了蛋白激酶如已糖激酶(HXK),SNF1相关激酶(SnRK1)等在植物糖信号转导中的作用,以及糖信号与氮信号的互作及对同化物分配的调控。  相似文献   

2.
DNA甲基化是生物体内普遍存在的一种基因修饰,甲基结合蛋白(MBD)是与甲基化DNA结合的反式作用因子,在植物生长发育过程中起调控作用。本文介绍了植物DNA甲基化和MBD蛋白在植物生长发育调控中的研究进展,并对其研究前景作了展望。  相似文献   

3.
植物抗真菌和细菌病害基因工程的策略及其进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文从(1)在植物与病原物相互识别水平上调控而激活其保卫反应机制;(2)导入植物保卫反应相关基因;()导人降解或抑制病原菌致病因子基因等方面讨论了植物抗真菌和细菌病害基因工程的策略,介绍了目前的主要进展,并对有关策略作了简要的评价。  相似文献   

4.
植物雄性不育的分子机理   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
介绍了近几年来关于植物核雄必不育、胞质雄必不育和环境条件(光照、温度)对植物育必珠调控三方面分子柚是的一些研究进展,并作了简要评述。  相似文献   

5.
细胞周期调控因子能通过影响细胞周期对植物细胞的生长、分裂和分化产生作用,进而调节植物的生长发育。本文综述了近几年来植物细胞周期调控因子中细胞周期蛋白(cyclin,CYC)、周期蛋白依赖激酶(cyclin-dependent kinase,CDK)等的作用机理及研究进展,阐述了各调控因子在植物生长发育过程中的作用。  相似文献   

6.
水杨酸在植物抗病反应中的作用   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
介绍最近几年来有关植物体内水杨酸(salicylicacid,SA)水平的调控、SA在植物抗病反应中的作用及其机制、SA信号传导途径等方面的重大研究进展.  相似文献   

7.
脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)是一种重要的植物激素,在调控种子发育、种子休眠与萌发、抑制生长、促进落花落果、参与植物应对外界环境胁迫等过程中发挥着重要的生理功能。ABA还能与其他植物激素(如生长素、乙烯等)互作进而精细调控植物根系的生长。本文以模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana(L.)Heynh)为主要对象,对近年来国内外在ABA调控植物根系生长方面的研究成果、ABA与其他植物激素(如GA等)互作调控根系生长及调控非生物逆境下根系发育的机理等进行综述,并对其未来的研究方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

8.
MIR166基因家族在陆生植物中的进化模式分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类广泛存在于真核生物中的具有转录后水平调控功能的内源非编码小分子RNA。在植物中.miRNA通过对靶基因的剪切或沉默来实现对植物生命活动的调控,它是基因表达调控网络的重要组成部分。miR165/166(miR166)是陆生植物中最为古老的MIRNA家族之一,它通过对3型同源异域型-亮氨酸拉链(1id—ZIPⅢ)等靶标的调控,在植物的众多发育时期起着关键的调控作用。本文分析了MIR166基因在陆生植物中的进化关系,并对MIR166在基部陆生植物小立碗藓(Physcomitrella patens)中的复制及进化进行了研究。此外,HD—ZIPⅢ蛋白是植物中重要的一类转录因子,miR166对HD-ZIP Ⅲ基因的调控作用在陆地植物保守的存在,本文对HD—ZIP Ⅲ基因和miR166在进化中的相互作用进行了初步的探讨。  相似文献   

9.
植物细胞程序性死亡(PCD)在植物生长发育和逆境适应中发挥重要作用。半胱氨酸蛋白酶(caspase)调控动物PcD的启动、执行及信号转导。通过人工合成底物、动物caspase抑制剂等方法已证实在植物中存在类caspase,可分为metacas.pases、VPEs(vacuolar processing enzymes)和saspases等。本文综述了植物类caspase的种类、结构、定位、功能及其调控PCD的研究进展,提出植物PCD中类caspase作用的调控途径,为深入研究植物PCD提供参考。  相似文献   

10.
植物细胞编程性死亡的调控   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
细胞编程性死亡(PCD)在植物生长发育及植物对环境的适应性方面起重要作用。文章主要从PCD相关基因,信号转导途径,蛋白酶及核酸酶等方面介绍植物细胞编程性死亡的调控。  相似文献   

11.
Mutations in the biosynthesis or signaling pathways of gibberellin (GA) can cause dwarfing phenotypes in plants, and the use of such mutations in plant breeding was a major factor in the success of the Green Revolution. DELLA proteins are GA signaling repressors whose functions are conserved in different plant species. Recent studies show that GA promotes stem growth by causing degradation of DELLA proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The most widely utilized dwarfing alleles in wheat (Triticum aestivum; e.g. Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b) encode GA-resistant forms of a DELLA protein that function as dominant and constitutively active repressors of stem growth. All of the previously identified dominant DELLA repressors from several plant species contain N-terminal mutations. Here we report on a novel dwarf mutant from Brassica rapa (Brrga1-d) that is caused by substitution of a conserved amino acid in the C-terminal domain of a DELLA protein. Brrga1-d, like N-terminal DELLA mutants, retains its repressor function and accumulates to high levels, even in the presence of GA. However, unlike wild-type and N-terminal DELLA mutants, Brrga1-d does not interact with a protein component required for degradation, suggesting that the mutated amino acid causes dwarfism by preventing an interaction needed for its degradation. This novel mutation confers nondeleterious dwarf phenotypes when transferred to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and oilseed rape (Brassica napus), indicating its potential usefulness in other crop species.  相似文献   

12.
The effects in growth room experiments of three levels of 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (chloromequat chloride; CCC) at two nitrogen levels were studied on a tall rice variety and a mutant dwarf derivative. CCC was found to reduce plant height in both varieties, to increase tiller number and spikelet number on the main panicle or in total but to delay flowering. Chemical dwarfing cannot be regarded as an alternative to genetic dwarfing since mutants may be shorter than chemically treated tall genotypes and may themselves respond favourably to further treatment.  相似文献   

13.
Liang F  Xin X  Hu Z  Xu J  Wei G  Qian X  Yang J  He H  Luo X 《植物学报(英文版)》2011,53(4):312-323
A dwarf mutant, designated LB4D, was obtained among the progeny of backcrosses to a wild rice introgression line. Genetic analysis of LB4D indicated that the dwarf phenotype was controlled by a single semidominant dwarfing gene, which was named LB4D. The mutants were categorized as dn-type dwarf mutants according to the pattern of internode reduction. In addition, gibberellin (GA) response tests showed that LB4D plants were neither deficient nor insensitive to GA. This study found that tiller formation by LB4D plants was decreased by 40% compared with the wild type, in contrast to other dominant dwarf mutants that have been identified, indicating that a different dwarfing mechanism might be involved in the LB4D dominant mutant. The reduction of plant height in F(1) plants ranged from 27.9% to 38.1% in different genetic backgrounds, showing that LB4D exerted a stronger dominant dwarfing effect. Using large F(2) and F(3) populations derived from a cross between heterozygous LB4D and the japonica cultivar Nipponbare, the LB4D gene was localized to a 46 kb region between the markers Indel 4 and Indel G on the short arm of chromosome 11, and four predicted genes were identified as candidates in the target region.  相似文献   

14.
矮秆基因对小麦部分农艺性状的效应   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
以中国主要麦区的124份小麦品种为材料,利用分子标记和系谱分析相结合,对其按照所含的矮秆基因Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b和Rht8进行分类,结合田间株高、旗叶长、小穗数和穗粒数以及室内苗期根系长度等农艺形状的调查,分析不同矮秆基因对小麦农艺性状的效应.结果显示:(1)参试的124份小麦品种(系)中23份含有Rht-B1b,7份含有Rht-D1b,22份含有Rht8基因,34份同时含有Rht-B1b和Rht8,16份同时含有Rht-D1b和Rht8,可分为6组.(2)Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b在降低株高的同时也缩短了旗叶的长度和苗期叶长,Rht8对株高的影响较弱,对旗叶和苗期叶长的影响也较小;3个矮秆基因对苗期根系长度、小穗数没有显著影响;Rht-D1b和Rht8显著增加穗粒数.研究表明,矮秆基因Rht8对小麦株高以及其他农艺性状的影响均较小,但能够显著增加穗粒数,是小麦矮化育种中比较理想的矮秆基因.  相似文献   

15.
Efforts to understand nuclear organization in plant cells have received little assistance from the better-studied animal nuclei, because plant proteomes do not contain recognizable counterparts to the key animal proteins involved in nuclear organization, such as lamin nuclear intermediate filament proteins. Previous studies identified a plant-specific insoluble nuclear protein in carrot (Daucus carota), called Nuclear Matrix Constituent Protein1 (NMCP1), which contains extensive coiled-coil domains and localizes to the nuclear periphery. Here, we describe a genetic characterization of two NMCP1-related nuclear proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana, LITTLE NUCLEI1 (LINC1) and LINC2. Disruption of either gene caused a reduction in nuclear size and altered nuclear morphology. Moreover, combining linc1 and linc2 mutations had an additive effect on nuclear size and morphology but a synergistic effect on chromocenter number (reduction) and whole-plant morphology (dwarfing). The reduction in nuclear size in the linc1 linc2 double mutant was not accompanied by a corresponding change in endopolyploidy. Rather, the density of DNA packaging at all endopolyploid levels in the linc1 linc2 mutants was increased significantly. Our results indicate that the LINC coiled-coil proteins are important determinants of plant nuclear structure.  相似文献   

16.
The two recessive dwarfing mutants gai (GA-ins) and gal (GA-less), differing in their response to exogenously applied gibberellic acid (GA3), were mapped in the centromere region and on the long arm, respectively, of the barley chromosome 2H. The gene gai, which determines reduced plant height and GA insensitivity pleiotropically, was found to co-segregate with the two RFLP markers Xmwg2058 and Xmwg2287. Both markers are known to map close to the centromere. The GA-sensitive dwarfing gene gal was found to be linked to the three co-segregating RFLP markers Xmwg581, Xmwg882 and Xmwg2212 (proximal) and XksuG5 (distal) by 3.6 and 9.5. cM, respectively. The distance between the two mutant loci was estimated to be about 55 cM. Homoeologous relationships between the dwarfing genes within the Triticeae are discussed. Received: 11 December 1998 / Accepted: 11 February 1999  相似文献   

17.
Plant height is an important agronomic trait in cereal crops, and can affect both plant architecture and grain yield. New dwarfing genes are required for improving the genetic diversity of wheat. In this study, a novel dwarf mutant, NM9, was created by treating seeds of the wheat variety NAU9918 with ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS). NM9 showed obvious phenotypic changes, which were distinct from those caused by other dwarfing genes, especially the reduced plant height, increased effective tiller number, and elongated spike and grain length. The reduced plant height in NM9 was attributable to a semi-dominant dwarfing gene Rht_NM9, which was flanked by two closely linked SNP markers, SNP34 and SNP41, covering an 8.86-Mb region on the chromosome arm 2AS. The results of gibberellic acid(GA) sensitivity evaluation, comparative genomics analysis and allelism test indicated that Rht_NM9 was neither allelic to Rht7 and Rht21 nor homoeoallelic to Rht8, so Rht_NM9 was proposed to be a new dwarfing locus on the homoeologous group 2 chromosomes of wheat. Rht_NM9has a negative effect on plant height and positive effects on effective tiller number and grain size, thus, Rht_NM9 could be used for elucidating the mechanisms underlying plant architecture and grain development.  相似文献   

18.
Barley traits related to salt tolerance are mapped in a population segregating for a dwarfing gene associated with salt tolerance. Twelve quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for seven seedling traits in doubled haploids from the spring barley cross Derkado x B83-12/21/5 when given saline treatment in hydroponics. The location of QTLs for seedling growth stage (leaf appearance rate), stem weight prior to elongation, and tiller number are reported for the first time. In addition, four QTLs were found for the mature plant traits grain nitrogen and plot yield. In total, seven QTLs are co-located with the dwarfing genes sdw1, on chromosome 3H, and ari-e.GP, on chromosome 5H, including seedling leaf response (SGa) to gibberellic acid (GA(3)). QTLs controlling the growth of leaves (GS2) on chromosomes 2H and 3H and emergence of tillers (TN2) and grain yield were independent of the dwarfing genes. Field trials were grown in eastern Scotland and England to estimate yield and grain composition. A genetic map was used to compare the positions of QTLs for seedling traits with the location of QTLs for the mature plant traits. The results are discussed in relation to the study of barley physiology and the location of genes for dwarf habit and responses to GA.  相似文献   

19.
创制和利用矮秆资源对于小麦品种改良具有重要意义。到目前为止,在小麦属中虽然已鉴定了多个矮秆资源,但多数矮秆资源在小麦中的利用价值有限。本研究对利用无性系变异途径获得的小麦矮秆材料AS34及其与模式小麦品种中国春杂交F1、F2材料进行了株高构成和主要农艺性状分析。结果发现,AS34共有4个节间,比其野生型豫麦66少了1个节间,各个节间长度按相似比例缩短,穗下节长度短于第2节长度;F1株高、节间长度指数介于2个亲本之间,节数与AS34相同,穗长、小穗数、穗粒数超过2个亲本;F2株高、穗长、穗粒数、小穗数变异范围广泛,约70%植株株高为60~89 cm,穗长6.0~9.9 cm、穗粒数50~79粒、小穗数20~24个。结果表明,AS34的矮秆变异由多基因控制,表现为数量性状,其矮秆性状对杂交后代穗长、小穗数、穗粒数等主要农艺性状有正向遗传效应,F2选择穗大、粒多、株高适中优良单株的机率较大,具有很好的育种利用价值。  相似文献   

20.
Most signal transduction pathways central to development are not shared by plants and animals. Such is the case of the Wingless/Wnt signaling pathway, whose components play key roles in metazoan pattern formation and tumorigenesis, but are absent in plants, with the exception of SHAGGY/GSK3, a cytoplasmic protein kinase represented in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana by a family of 10 AtSK genes for which mutational evidence is scarce. Here, we describe the characterization of mutant alleles of the Arabidopsis ULTRACURVATA1 (UCU1) gene, the two strongest of which dramatically reduce cell expansion along the proximodistal axis, dwarfing the mutant plants, whose cells expand properly across but not along most organs. Proximodistal expansion of adaxial (dorsal) and abaxial (ventral) leaf cells exhibits a differential dependence on UCU1 function, as suggested by the leaves of ucu1 mutants, which are rolled spirally downward in a circinate manner. We have positionally cloned the UCU1 gene, which encodes an AtSK protein involved in the cross-talk between auxin and brassinosteroid signaling pathways, as indicated by the responses of ucu1 mutants to plant hormones and the phenotypes of double mutants involving ucu1 alleles.  相似文献   

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