首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
马铃薯''转心乌''块茎色素的组成和含量   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
马铃薯转心乌块茎的内、外韧皮部和髓为淡黄色,周皮和木质部为紫色;木质部的紫色形成一个不规则的环",并向内韧皮部蔓延.系列特征颜色反应和紫外可见光谱分析表明:‘转心乌’块茎紫色素属于黄酮类化合物,可能含有酚性邻位二羟基,并被肉桂酸酰化,不含类胡萝卜素、查耳酮、噢哢、异黄酮、儿茶素;花色苷和/或其苷元花色素奠定了‘转心乌’块茎着色的基础,其它的非红色的黄酮类化合物发挥共色素的作用.块茎的皮"紫色最浓","环"其次,"肉"最淡,这与"皮"、"环"和"肉"的色价、花色苷含量和总黄酮类化合物含量的变化趋势呈正相关.  相似文献   

2.
梅花是中国的候选国花之一。属于花色苷的梅花'南京红'花色色素用含1%浓盐酸(v/v)的甲醇提取,并呈现纯净的紫红色。体外试验表明:该色素在pH0-3范围内颜色稳定,因不同光质、热、氧化剂、还原剂、螯合剂而呈现无色、墨绿色或黄绿色,因不同金属离子、离子的不同浓度而呈现程度不同的红色、紫色、黑黄色、红中带黑或微蓝绿色,葡萄糖和低浓度苯甲酸钠几乎不影响其色泽,蔗糖使颜色变淡,柠檬酸却使其颜色变深。该文可为梅花红色花色的机理探索、梅花花色苷的分子结构鉴定、梅花红色花色色素的开发利用提供参考和前提。  相似文献   

3.
增强UV-B辐射对彩色马铃薯叶片中相关保护酶活性的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以种植于大田中的马铃薯品种'云南转心乌'(块茎紫皮紫环,以下简称'转心乌')和 '大西洋'(块茎白皮白肉)为材料,分别采用自然太阳光照(0~10 W/m2)、2 W/m2和4 W/m2 UV-B辐射进行20~80 d的照射处理,测定了马铃薯叶片内过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性以及总叶绿素和丙二醛含量的变化.结果表明:随着UV-B处理时间的延长,'转心乌'和'大西洋'叶片中CAT、POD、SOD、PAL活性均表现出先升后降的趋势,而总叶绿素含量持续降低,丙二醛含量逐渐增加;在增强UV-B辐射条件下,上述指标在处理时间和剂量间大多差异显著,且'转心乌'叶片的各保护酶活性和总叶绿素含量显著高于'大西洋',丙二醛含量则显著低于‘大西洋'.可见,长时间大剂量的UV-B辐射对马铃薯叶片的叶绿素合成代谢和保护酶活性具有一定的抑制作用,从而影响作物正常的生长发育;马铃薯对于紫外线辐射的响应具有品种间差异,'转心乌'较'大西洋'更耐UV-B辐射,其更适合种植在UV-B辐照较强的高海拔地区.  相似文献   

4.
类黄酮-3'5'-羟化酶(F3'5'H)基因是合成蓝色飞燕草色素类花色苷的关键酶基因。本研究采用RT-PCR法从彩色马铃薯品种‘转心乌’中克隆到了F3'5'H基因的c DNA,并进行了生物信息学和组织表达模式分析,希望能探明F3'5'H基因在彩色马铃薯花色苷合成中的作用及表达方式。克隆到的F3'5'H c DNA序列全长1 720 bp,编码509个氨基酸残基,同源比对表明F3'5'H与茄科植物聚在一起,其次是其它双子叶植物。F3'5'H具有信号肽和明显的跨膜结构域,属于分泌蛋白且为稳定的亲水蛋白,定位于细胞质。说明F3'5'H在细胞质中的粗糙型内质网上合成前体后,跨膜运输到其它部位或细胞器中发挥作用。α螺旋和无规则卷曲是F3'5'H的主要二级结构元件。F3'5'H具有细胞色素P450的"PPGP"、"AGTDT"、"FGAGRRICAG"三段基序,且只有一个功能结构域,与细胞色素P450的功能结构域相匹配,属于细胞色素P450家族的一员。组织特异性表达结果表明:F3'5'H相对表达量和花色苷含量均是块茎高于叶片和地上茎,它们的变化趋势基本一致,花色苷含量较高的器官,其F3'5'H的相对表达量也高,说明花色苷的积累与F3'5'H的表达正相关。  相似文献   

5.
彩色马铃薯富含花色苷,是一种天然抗氧化食品.本研究采用高效液相色谱质谱联用技术以引进品种“黑美人”为对照分析了云南马铃薯地方特色品种“剑川红”和“转心乌”花色苷的主要成分.结果表明:“剑川红”色素主要为酰化天竺葵色素类花色苷,其主要成分为天竺葵素3-[ 6-O-( 4-O-E-p-香豆酰-O-α-吡喃鼠李糖苷)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷]-5-O-β-D-毗喃葡萄糖苷.“转心乌”和“黑美人”所含色素相似,主要为酰化矮牵牛色索、锦葵色素、芍药色素类衍生物,主要成分均为矮牵牛花色素3-[ 6-O-( 4-O-E-p-香豆酰-O-α-吡喃鼠李糖苷)-β-D-毗喃葡萄糖苷]-5-O-β-D-毗喃葡萄糖苷.  相似文献   

6.
马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)是一种重要的粮菜兼用型作物,马铃薯传入我国后产生了许多变种、变型和适合当地种植的地方品种,尤其是块茎的皮色和肉色出现了红色、紫色、黑色品种。"黑美人"马铃薯是甘肃省特有的经航空育种技术培育的新型马铃薯品种,经分析测定"黑美人"马铃薯中花色素含量非常丰富,其富含的花青素还具有抗癌、抗衰老、美容和防止高血压等多种保健作用。因此,"黑美人"马铃薯中花色苷提取工艺的研究,对于花色苷的应用与开发具有重要的研究意义。本研究以甘肃"黑美人"马铃薯为原料,对其所含花色苷提取工艺条件(乙醇浓度,温度,pH,提取时间,料液比,提取次数等)进行优化。研究结果显示最佳提取工艺参数为:乙醇浓度80%,温度75℃,pH 1.0,时间1 h,料液比1:20,提取3次。在优化后的提取工艺条件下,"黑美人"马铃薯的花色苷提取率得到提高,花色苷含量可达到33.05 mg/100g。  相似文献   

7.
综述了与彩色马铃薯色素产生与分布相关基因座的观念起源、种类、功能和染色体定位。与彩色马铃薯色素相关基因座的观念起源于试图解释四倍体和二倍体马铃薯块茎和其他部位颜色呈现遗传行为的两个遗传模式。与彩色马铃薯色素相关的13个基因座可划分为4类,第1、第2和第3类分别与马铃薯花色苷的合成、酰化和分布有关,第4类与马铃薯类胡萝卜素的产生相关。基因座I,P,R和Y分别编码一个MYB结构域转录因子、类黄酮3′,5′-羟化酶、二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶和β-胡萝卜素羟化酶。基因座之间复杂多样的互作综合决定了彩色马铃薯色素特别是花色苷的产生与分布。基因座D和R定位在马铃薯的2号染色体上,E,F,I和PSC在10号染色体上,P在11号染色体上,Y在3号染色体上。可为彩色马铃薯颜色呈现的遗传机理探索提供参考。  相似文献   

8.
月季花发育过程中花色变化的生理生化研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
以月季‘仙境’为材料,观测其正面和反面花瓣在开花过程中6个阶段的颜色和其花色的L*、a*、b*、C*、h*值变化,花瓣组织结构,以及pH值、花色素含量、类黄酮含量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,探讨月季花色的呈色机理。结果显示:(1)半开期时,花瓣正面红色最深,花色苷、类黄酮、可溶性糖含量最高,而可溶性蛋白含量则在盛开期时达到最高。(2)pH越小时,花瓣红色越深,而且pH值小范围内的变动,就能导致花色的改变。(3)花色素大部分集中分布在上表皮,并且上表皮呈圆锥形小突起、下表皮为扁平状,故上表皮花色深于下表皮,亮度小于下表皮。(4)a*正面与pH值、花色苷和可溶性糖含量呈正相关关系;a*反面与L*正面、L*反面、b*反面呈正相关关系;L*正面与b*正面、L*反面与b*反面呈极显著负相关关系。(5)众多影响花色呈现的因素中,正面(反面)花色主要是受到花色素苷(L*反面)的直接作用,其他因素则通过影响花色素苷(L*反面)间接影响花色的呈现。  相似文献   

9.
综述了花色苷被摄入液泡的原因、花色苷在液泡中的存在状态及其对植物细胞的着色效应。花色苷在植物细胞质中合成后转运到液泡里是为了解除其对蛋白质和DNA等细胞功能分子的毒性。花色苷的液泡区隔化是花色苷在植物细胞中发挥正常功能的前提。在大多数植物中,花色苷在绝大多数情况下完全溶解在液泡里。但是,花色苷也能在液泡里形成颗粒,这些颗粒可以划分为花色苷体和花色苷液泡包涵体两类。花色苷体由膜包裹,其形成是液泡中小的有色囊泡逐渐合并的结果,发育完全的花色苷体为典型的球状、具比液泡更深的红色;液泡里的花色苷体具高密度,呈现为含高浓度花色苷的不溶性小球;花色苷体的存在可导致液泡的强烈色彩。花色苷液泡包涵体可能具备蛋白质基质,既无膜包裹又无内部结构,其形成是转运进液泡的花色苷与蛋白质基质结合的结果;液泡里的花色苷液泡包涵体形状不规则,象果冻;在花色苷液泡包涵体中,花色苷可能通过氢键连接于蛋白质基质的一个有限空间位点;花色苷液泡包涵体被认为是液泡中花色苷的"陷阱",优先摄取花色素3,5-二糖苷或酰化的花色苷;花色苷液泡包涵体的存在可增加液泡色彩的强度并导致"蓝化"。  相似文献   

10.
唐生森  陈虎  覃永康  杨章旗  汪挺  韦兵览 《广西植物》2021,41(12):2061-2068
为探究秋季枫叶呈色的关键生理因素,该文以转色期叶色为绿色、黄色和红色的枫香单株为试材,研究了L*、a*、b*值变化与叶片色素、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白质含量变化的相关性。结果表明:(1)在变色期,3种色彩枫香叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素均大量降解,花色素苷不同程度积累。(2)绿色叶单株叶绿素和类胡萝卜素始终保持较高含量,花色素苷含量上升4.2倍,叶片内色素含量比值始终保持稳定; 黄色叶单株叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量最低,花色素苷含量上升4.4倍,b*值与叶绿素含量极显著负相关,与类胡萝卜素含量显著负相关,与花色素苷/类胡萝卜素含量比值极显著正相关; 红色叶单株叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量略高于黄色叶单株,花色素苷含量上升27.2倍,a*值与叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量极显著负相关,与花色素苷含量显著正相关,与色素含量比值无显著相关性。(3)红色叶单株具有较高的可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白质含量。因此,在枫香叶片变色期,保持较高的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,维持色素含量比值稳定使叶片呈现绿色; 叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的大量降解,以及花色素苷/类胡萝卜素含量比值的升高使叶片呈现黄色; 叶绿素的降解和花色素苷的大量合成使叶片呈现红色。  相似文献   

11.
外源咖啡酸和阿魏酸对黑莓汁中花色苷的辅色研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为增强黑莓汁中花色苷的稳定,添加适量咖啡酸和阿魏酸到黑莓清汁中,采用可见吸收光谱和高效液相色谱-质谱研究其对黑莓花色苷的辅色作用。研究结果表明:黑莓汁中添加咖啡酸和阿魏酸显著增加了花色苷的最大吸收值(Aλmax),最大吸收波长(λmax)红移,说明咖啡酸和阿魏酸对黑莓汁中花色苷产生了辅色作用,辅色效应随时间的延长和咖啡酸、阿魏酸浓度的增加显著增强。HPLC-DAD-MS分析发现,咖啡酸辅色产生了两种新的花色苷衍生物(矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷-4-乙烯基儿茶酚和矢车菊-3-O-草酸酐酰葡萄糖苷-4-乙烯基儿茶酚),阿魏酸辅色产生了三种新的花色苷衍生物(矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷-4-乙烯基愈创木酚、矢车菊-3-O-草酸酐酰葡萄糖苷-4-乙烯基愈创木酚和矢车菊-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷-4-乙烯基愈创木酚),这些衍生物均为羟苯基-吡喃花色苷。  相似文献   

12.
The caffeyl ester of cyanidin 3,7,3′-triglucoside was isolated from red petals of garden cineraria, Senecio cruentus. Chromatographic and spectral characteristics of the anthocyanin as well as the products of deacylation and partial hydrolysis are described. The results with this pigment and a similar one based on delphinidin show that anthocyanins having a sugar residue at the 3′(or 5′)-position are characterized by the position of the visible max and by the high values for E440/Evis max and EUV max/Evis max when compared with other glycosides.  相似文献   

13.
综述了花色苷对高等植物器官颜色的决定作用及其影响因素的研究进展。花色苷本身的呈色属性、液泡定位及其在植物器官中的非均一性分布决定了花色苷能赋予植物器官颜色。花色苷单体和聚合体分子结构及其变化的多样性,以及花色苷合成与植物生长发育阶段的相关性决定了植物器官颜色的多样性。温度、光、水和矿质通过影响花色苷在液泡中的积累量而制约植物器官色度,液泡pH、氧化剂和还原剂通过影响花色苷的分子结构变化而制约植物器官色相。同时,细胞形状也通过影响花色苷的光学属性而制约器官颜色的变化。最后,还对植物器官颜色的机理和人工改良研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

14.
Lake Victoria cichlids are one of the most speciose groups of vertebrates. Selection on coloration is likely playing an important role in their rapid speciation. To test the hypothesis that sensory biases could explain species differences in mating preferences and nuptial coloration, we studied seven populations of four closely related species of the genus Pundamilia that differ in visual environment and male nuptial colour. Microspectrophotometry determined that the wavelength of maximum absorption (lambdamax) of the rod pigment and three cone pigments were similar in all four species. Only the long wavelength sensitive (LWS) pigment varied among species, with 3-4 nm shifts in lambdamax that correlated with differences in the LWS opsin sequence. These subtle shifts in lambdamax coincided with large shifts in male body colour, with red species having longer LWS pigments than blue species. Furthermore, we observed within and between species a correlation between water transparency and the proportion of red/red vs. red/green double cones. Individuals from turbid water had more red/red double cones than individuals from clear water. The variation in LWS lambdamax and in the proportion of red/red double cones could lead to differences in perceived brightness that may explain the evolution of variation in male coloration. However, other factors, such as chromophore shifts and higher order neural processing, should also be investigated to fully understand the physiological basis of differential responses to male mating hues in cichlid fish.  相似文献   

15.
ADRIAN SURMACKI 《Ibis》2008,150(2):335-341
The plumage coloration of wild birds often changes during the breeding season. One of the possible reasons for this is that sunlight, and particularly ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, degrades the pigments responsible for plumage coloration. It has been suggested that birds may apply preen wax to feathers to protect feathers from bleaching. This hypothesis is tested by exposing carotenoid-based breast feathers of Great Tits to ambient light, light filtered to exclude UV and darkness. Preen waxes were experimentally removed from feather samples and the effect of light on coloration of treatment and control feathers compared. Ambient light had an effect on feather colour but preen wax did not. Feathers exposed to sun gradually became less saturated and hues shifted towards shorter wavelengths. This was not apparent in control feathers kept in darkness. Feathers exposed to full-spectra sunlight faded more than those that were kept in light with UV wavelengths removed. There was a decrease in brightness of feathers in both experimental and control groups, which was assumed to be an effect of dirt accumulation. This experiment confirmed earlier suspicions regarding the detrimental effects of UV irradiation on carotenoid-based coloration of avian feathers but failed to show any protective function of preen waxes. The possible consequences of these mechanisms of colour change for birds with regard to mating strategies are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
三七是中国云南省的"第一药材",云南文山三七是三七的道地药材。三七块根的横截面为黄白色至紫色。紫色块根约占研究块根总数的28 .21 %,其中柱鞘、内皮层、皮层或表皮为紫色。特征颜色反应和紫外——可见光谱表明:三七块根紫色素属于黄酮类化合物,可能含有酚性邻位二羟基,不含类胡萝卜素、查耳酮、噢哢、异黄酮、儿茶素。花色苷和/或其苷元花色素奠定了紫色块根着色的基础,其他的非红色的黄酮类化合物起共色素的作用。块根的平均花色苷含量和平均总皂苷含量均以纯紫色块根的为最高,其次是黄紫混合色块根的,纯黄色的最低。块根的花色苷含量差异达到极显著水平,但总皂苷含量差异却没有达到显著水平。每个块根都含有不同量的花色苷,随花色苷量的增加,块根的紫色一般逐渐明显。块根的花色苷含量与其总皂苷含量之间呈显著正相关,相关系数r=0 .355。本文可为三七块根颜色呈现的机理探索及其色素的分子结构鉴定提供参考。  相似文献   

17.
Common hazel (Corylus avellana L., Fusca rubra Dipp.) juvenile leaves from the periphery of the canopy and thus subjected to high fluxes of solar radiation are characterized by red coloration due to anthocyanin accumulation disappearing in mature leaves. To elucidate the physiological role of anthocyanin accumulation, the interrelations between anthocyanin content, a degree of attenuation by the pigments of the light reaching the photosynthetic apparatus (PSA), and PSA tolerance to photoinhibition in C. avellana juvenile leaves were studied. Absorption spectra were calculated taking into account the light losses due to reflection by the leaf. The analysis of the spectra showed that, in red common hazel leaves accumulating high amounts of anthocyanins in the vacuoles of the upper and lower epidermal cells, up to 95% of visible radiation entering the leaf blade was absorbed by these pigments. The rate of the linear electron transport (ETR) in the chloroplast electron transport chain (ETC) was closely correlated with the anthocyanin content (r 2 = 0.87). In red leaves, the saturation of ETR dependence on irradiance was observed at the higher values of PAR than in green leaves. In red juvenile leaves, this value was close to that in mature green leaves tolerant to high light. There were no differences between red and green leaves in the level of non-photochemical quenching, the content of violaxanthin cycle pigments, a degree of their de-epoxidation under natural illumination and at irradiation with high PAR fluxes. Basing on the data obtained, one may conclude that anthocyanins in C. avellana juvenile leaves serve PSA photoprotection, preventing injury of immature PSA with excessive fluxes of PAR.  相似文献   

18.
The spectral dependence of Begonia evansiana in supplementarylight periods of photoperiodic tuberization and sprouting wasinvestigated. Supplementary application of red light inhibitedtuber development, thereby stimulating vegetative growth. Supplementaryblue or far-red light also suppressed tuber development, butbarely stimulated vegetative growth. However, both red and blue light, given at 6°C during themain light period or the supplementary light period, permittedthe tuberization under the subsequently given conditions ofeither long-days or darkness at 23°C. Blue light appliedafter 5-days of irradiation with white light at 10°C, showedalmost the same action as far-red light, which suppressed tuberizationin darkness. The nature and function of the pigments concernedin the photoperiodic responses are discussed. (Received October 11, 1968; )  相似文献   

19.
The secret of the fall colour red The autumnal coloration of trees and shrubs in temperate climate regions is a well‐known spectacle of nature. Crucial for the yellow colour of leaves is the degradation of chlorophylls which cover the yellow colour of carotenoids. Chlorophyll degradation is a prerequisite for protein degradation and remobilization of precious nitrogen in the amino acids of the chloroplast proteins. In some species leaves turn red in autumn by accumulation of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins can reduce photo‐oxidative stress by acting as a sunscreen shielding against the harmful effects of excess light. Furthermore, anthocyanins prevent the landing of insects – in particular aphides.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号