胡先骕的《任公豆歌》——简介冯澄如绘画《任公豆图》

详细研究了冯澄如创作的一幅彩色植物绘画。结果表明其中的植物是豆科植物任公豆（即任豆）Zenia insignis Chun。1946年陈焕镛为纪念著名学者任鸿隽而以其名字命名建立了任公豆（即任豆）属,并由冯澄如进行彩色绘画,胡先骕为赞颂此事在画中赋诗《任公豆歌》。介绍了与此画相关的我国近代植物分类学的奠基人胡先骕、陈焕镛,我国近代植物科学绘画的奠基人冯澄如,以及我国近代科学的奠基人之一任鸿隽四人在植物科学发展工作中的履历。这幅《任公豆图》生动地表现出了四位科学工作者的友好情谊和杰出贡献。     

迎接我国生物科学的春天

为了迎接我国“四化”建设的新进程——1981年的到来、为了迎接我国生物科学的春天,编委会特邀请我国生物学界部分著名专家举行笔谈会。大家共同展望了生物科学的发展远景,论述了生物科学在“四化”中的作用,表达了我国生物科学需要大批人材的热切愿望。我们深信:这些发言,必将大大地提高人们对生物科学的认识,促进我国生物科学的教学和研究工作的发展,激励广大青少年热爱生物科学,立志攀登生物科学高峰。现将笔谈会的书面发言按内容顺序予以发表。     

解剖镜下坐标式生物绘图法

生物绘图在生物科学的研究、教学、生产、信息传递中,及农业、林业、医药学、环境科学等所有与生物有关的科学知识研究普及中,日益成为一个不可缺乏的环节,并显示它的重要性。目前,生物绘图的用具颇多,绘图方法多样,但大都侧重于大型标本的裸眼绘图及微型标本的显微镜下绘图,而对介于二者间的小型标本的解剖镜下绘图,则缺乏具体的研究介绍。作者在实际工作中,对于小型标本的解剖镜下绘图,逐渐摸索,总结出一套较准确的绘图方法,并设计出一种解剖镜下坐标式生物绘图板。现介绍如下:     

在实验教学中要重视绘图能力的培养

绘图的意义绘图是学习研究生物科学的重要技能和方法之一。它可以真实地记载观察的结果,减少文字冗长的描述,把生物的形态结构、生命现象等主要特征逼真地刻画下来。古今中外许多动、植物图鉴、专著、学术论文、动、植物志都采用图文并茂的方式,来记载丰富的动植物资源,介绍科研成果,来进行国内和国际间的交流。实验教学中绘图能力的训练,不仅使学生在绘图技能上得到初步的培养,而且对学生的观察能力的培养也有促进的作用,生物图是在     

透过中学生物实验技能竞赛反观中学生物实验教学

学生生物科学素养的培养很大程度是依赖于实验教学来体现。透过中学生在生物实验技能竞赛的过程中所存在的生物学常规仪器使用不规范,缺乏生物绘图基本功,实验理论分析能力相对较弱,实验创新能力不足等问题了解中学生物实验教学的现状,以此提出重视实验开设,在操作中注重学生多方面能力培养,突破教材局限开发利用资源的思考建议。     

高中生物教学中培养学生生物科学素养

生物科学素养,就是指公民参与社会生活、经济活动、生产实践和个人决策所需的生物科学概念、探究发现能力和科学的态度与价值观。生物科学素养是公民科学素养的重要组成部分,它反映了一个人对生物科学的基础知识的掌握和运用水平,以及自身的科学素养能力。培养学生科学素养的根本措施就要求教师在实际教学中采取合理的、有效的教学策略,注重对学生生物科学素养的渗透,并通过合理的途径来提高学生的生物科学素养,注重生物实验教学。     

全球华人生物学家大会暨第十六届美洲华人生物科学学会学术研讨会(第一轮通知)

正为加强国内外华人生物科学研究者的学术交流,促进生物科学的进一步发展,由美洲华人生物科学学会、中国生物化学与分子生物学会主办,浙江省生物化学与分子生物学学会、浙江大学、中国科学院上海生物化学与细胞生物学研究所承办的"全球华人生物学家大会暨第十六届美洲华人生物科学学会学术研讨会"将于2017年6月29日到7月3日在杭州召开。     

中学生物学教学回顾与期盼

追述世界生物科学的发展 ,直至 1 8世纪 ,生物科学还主要是研究生命活动的各种表现 ,生物科学工作者的注意力仅仅集中在搜集、积累事实资料上。跨入1 9世纪以来 ,生物科学有了巨大的进展 ,生物科学的面貌发生了惊人的变化 ,生物科学家、生物科技工作者注意到了生命过程的发展、变化和联系。而我国直至1 9世纪 4 0年代才步入对生物科学的学习和研究 (表1 ) ,不过此时国人已经意识到了生物学的重要价值 ,许多生物科技工作者积极投入到了生物科学的研究行列 ,并取得了一些成绩。到了 2 0世纪 ,生物科学的进展更快了 ,已经从描述到实验 ,从定性…     

国际和中国生物科学十年发展态势的文献计量分析

本利用献计量数据库,定量描述全球生物科学领域论产出的学科分布、国家分布、机构分布及分布、主要国家生物科学研究影响力的对比、中国生物学论的状况,从而定量反映国际及中国生物科学的发展态势。     

《基因组学与应用生物学》

正《基因组学与应用生物学》,期刊曾用名《广西农业大学学报》、《广西农业生物科学》,创刊于1982年。从2009年开始,《广西农业生物科学》更名为《基因组学与应用生物学》,已入编《中文核心期刊要目总览》2014年版(即第七版)之生物科学类核心期刊,是中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库入选期刊、中国科技期刊全文数据库(CNKI)核心期刊、中国科技论文统计源核心期刊、中国核心学术期刊RCCSE(A)。先后被国际知名检索系统     

A remembrance of Professor TP FENG

It is both an honor and pleasure to be given this opportunity to remember Professor TP FENG and his many contributions.He made many important scientific discoveries,labored mightily to establish firmly Physiology and Neuroscience in China,and was a major force in setting a high standard for scientific inquiry.     

Towards a postmodern synthesis of evolutionary biology

In 2009, we are celebrating the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin and the 150th jubilee of his masterpiece, the Origin of Species. Darwin constructed the first coherent and compelling narrative of biological evolution and thus founded evolutionary biology—and modern biology in general, remembering the famous dictum of Dobzhansky. It is, however, counter-productive, and ultimately, a disservice to Darwin’s legacy, to define modern evolutionary biology as neo-Darwinism. The current picture of evolution, informed by results of comparative genomics and systems biology, is by far more complex than that presented in the Origin of Species, so that Darwinian principles, including natural selection, are incorporated into the evolving new synthesis as important but certainly not all-embracing tenets. This expansion of evolutionary biology does not denigrate Darwin in the least but rather emphasizes the fertility of his ideas.     

The cell theory--history, present state and prospects (on the 150th anniversary of the development of the cell theory)

The main stages of history of this most important biological conception are presented and the state of the modern cell theory and its future prospects are considered. Since 1839, when T. Schwann expounded his conception of the cell, a long pathway in cognition of the cell function and organization has been covered. From the original picture of the complex organism as a "cellular state", made up of relatively independent "elementary organisms", i.e. cells the modern biology has come to the idea of the cell as an integral system either being a part of a complex organism, or living free in the nature (protists). The cell represents certain qualitatively peculiar level in a complex evolutionary established hierarchy of biological systems. Some particular tight relations, existing between cytology, as a fundamental biological science and molecular biology, genetics, ecology and other biological disciplines are considered. The importance of the cell conception is ascertained for practical aims, especially in medicine.     

What is a species? Essences and generation

Arguments against essentialism in biology rely strongly on a claim that modern biology abandoned Aristotle’s notion of a species as a class of necessary and sufficient properties. However, neither his theory of essentialism, nor his logical definition of species and genus (eidos and genos) play much of a role in biological research and taxonomy, including his own. The objections to natural kinds thinking by early twentieth century biologists wrestling with the new genetics overlooked the fact that species have typical developmental cycles and most have a large shared genetic component. These are the “what-it-is-to-be” members of that species. An intrinsic biological essentialism does not commit us to Aristotelian notions, nor even modern notions, of essence. There is a long-standing definition of “species” and its precursor notions that goes back to the Greeks, and which Darwin and pretty well all biologists since him share, that I call the Generative Conception of Species. It relies on there being a shared generative power that makes progeny resemble parents. The “what-it-is-to-be” a member of that species is that developmental type, mistakes in development notwithstanding. Moreover, such “essences” have always been understood to include deviations from the type. Finally, I shall examine some implications of the collapse of the narrative about essences in biology.     

Visualizing Biological Membrane Organization and Dynamics

Biological membranes are fascinating. Santiago Ramón y Cajal, who received the Nobel prize in 1906 together with Camillo Golgi for their work on the nervous system, wrote “[…]in the study of this membrane[…] I felt more profoundly than in any other subject of study the shuddering sensation of the unfathomable mystery of life”². The visualization and conceptualization of these biological objects have profoundly shaped many aspects of modern biology, drawing inspiration from experiments, computer simulations, and the imagination of scientists and artists. The aim of this review is to provide a fresh look on current ideas of biological membrane organization and dynamics by discussing selected examples across fields.     

Eduard Strasburger

Eduard Strasburger Eduard Strasburger, director of the Institute of Botany and the Botanical Garden at the University of Bonn from 1881 to 1912, was one of the most admirable scientists in the field of plant biology, not just as the founder of modern plant cell biology but in addition as inspirator for sensory plant biology. He contributed to plant cell biology by discovering the discrete stages of karyokinesis and cytokinesis in algae and land plants, describing cytoplasmic streaming in different systems, and reporting on the growth of the pollen tube into the embryo sac and guidance of the tube by the synergides. Strasburger attracted attention to many biological phenomena which remain hot spots even in current plant cell biology research, e.g., mechanisms of cell plate formation, vesicle trafficking as a basis for most important developmental processes, structure and function of the plasmodesmata, and signaling related to fertilization. By his early industrial cooperation, internationality, integrating research profile and public teaching he fulfills even today's most admired and desirable qualities of a distinguished and highly honored academic scholar and frontier scientist.     

Léonard de Vinci (1452–1519): andrologue avant la lettre

Leonardo da Vinci devoted 41 years of his lifetime to anatomy and anatomical drawing and opened new horizons in these two disciplines. He is therefore justly considered to be the father of modern anatomy. Considering the great number of his anatomical drawings dealing with the male urogenital tract and its function, Leonardo da Vinci can also be considered to be the father of andrology.     

The model student: what chemical model systems can teach us about biology

Model systems have evolved with the times, making use of modern biological methods and incorporating biological complexity. This evolution has increased the relevance of models as tools for studying biology.     

hnRNPA1基因在家蚕翅原基组织中的表达与定位分析

核不均一蛋白A1(hnRNPA1)是一个重要的RNA结合蛋白。本研究旨在获得家蚕hnRNPA1基因的cDNA,并对其在家蚕翅原基组织进行表达和定位分析。以家蚕幼虫期翅原基mRNA为模板通过反转录克隆家蚕BmhnRNPA1基因的全长cDNA,并对其进行生物信息学分析。构建pET32a-BmhnRNPA1蛋白表达载体,表达且纯化得到BmhnRNPA1重组蛋白,并制备该蛋白多克隆抗体,通过实时荧光定量RT-PCR、Western blot和免疫组化方法检测BmhnRNPA1在家蚕幼虫和蛹翅原基组织中的表达与定位。克隆得到了家蚕hnRNPA1基因的全长cDNA片段,其开放阅读框(ORF)序列为951 bp,编码316个氨基酸,预测分子量为34.98 kDa,等电点为5.15。编码蛋白在第18～90个氨基酸和109～181个氨基酸处为保守的RRM结构域。系统进化分析显示,家蚕hnRNPA1与小菜蛾hnRNPA1的亲缘关系最近。QRT-PCR结果显示,BmhnRNPA1在家蚕幼虫和蛹期的翅原基组织中均有表达,且在蛹期第3天的表达量达到峰值。Western blot进一步证实了实验结果。免疫组化分析结果显示,该蛋白存在于翅原基组织中,并定位于细胞核内。家蚕BmhRNPA1具有两个RNA结合结构域,属于hnRNPs家族,定位于细胞核内,表明其可能参与mRNA的选择性剪接作用。本研究结果为进一步探索该基因的功能提供了基础。     

A Man Out of Place: Herbert Spencer Jennings at Johns Hopkins, 1906-1938

Herbert Spencer Jennings (1868–1947) succeeded W. K. Brooksas Director of the Zoological Laboratory at Johns Hopkins Universityin 1910. His scientific work in the next two decades includedexperimental genetics of protozoa and mathematical analysisof the linear arrangement of chromosomes. At the same time,Jennings was involved in philosophical discussions of the natureof biological thought. His point of view expressed the biologist'sawareness of diversity and historical process, against boththe excesses of vitalism and of the modern reductionist methodsof physico-chemical biology. These philosophical discussionsare seen against the background of his difficulty in buildingup the zoological laboratory at Johns Hopkins in the 1920s,when the university tried unsuccessfully to return to the idealof pure research which had guided it under its first president.Moreover, Jennings faced strong competition for resources fromwithin the university itself, especially at the medical school.His position illustrates the predicament of the modern generalbiologist in an environment increasinglydominated by the medicalsciences