不同培养基对富集筛选脱色真菌菌群的效果比较

利用活性黑RB5和活性红M-3BE作为筛选因子,从染料脱色效果、菌群产酶能力以及菌群中的微生物丰富度三方面比较了酵母培养基A、产漆酶真菌培养基B和白腐真菌培养基D在脱色真菌富集筛选方面的效果。富集筛选结果共得到11组具有明显脱色效果的真菌菌群,其中5组来自于D培养基,A和B培养基各获得3组。来自A培养基的3组菌群显示出最好的脱色效果和最大的菌群丰富度,对50mg/L的活性红M-3BE和酸性红A溶液的脱色率最高达到99.53%和97.42%,从中分离到了16株真菌,初步鉴定分属于水霉科、曲霉科(红曲霉属)、节壶菌科和白粉菌科;而B和D培养基中所获得的菌群脱色效果稍差,从中仅得到3株和2株真菌,初步鉴定属于酵母和青霉。A、B两种培养基在各种染料存在下更易产生木质素过氧化物酶,产漆酶能力较弱,而D培养基产漆酶活性较高。     

不同培养基对富集筛选脱色真菌菌群的效果比较

利用活性黑RB5和活性红M-3BE作为筛选因子，从染料脱色效果、菌群产酶能力以及菌群中的微生物丰富度三方面比较了酵母培养基A、产漆酶真菌培养基B和白腐真菌培养基D在脱色真菌富集筛选方面的效果。富集筛选结果共得到11组具有明显脱色效果的真菌菌群，其中5组来自于D培养基，A和B培养基各获得3组。来自A培养基的3组菌群显示出最好的脱色效果和最大的菌群丰富度，对50mg/L的活性红M-3BE和酸性红A溶液的脱色率最高达到99.53%和97.42%，从中分离到了16株真菌，初步鉴定分属于水霉科、曲霉科（红曲霉属）、节壶菌科和白粉菌科；而B和D培养基中所获得的菌群脱色效果稍差，从中仅得到3株和2株真菌，初步鉴定属于酵母和青霉。A、B两种培养基在各种染料存在下更易产生木质素过氧化物酶，产漆酶能力较弱，而D培养基产漆酶活性较高。     

一株产漆酶细菌的分离鉴定及酶学性质研究

[目的]分离获得产漆酶的细菌菌株,研究漆酶的酶学性质并应用于染料脱色.[方法]利用含铜的富集培养基筛选产漆酶细菌;通过形态特征、生理生化试验及16SrDNA序列分析等方法进行鉴定;以丁香醛连氮为底物测定漆酶的酶学性质;通过测定染料在最大吸收波长下吸光值的变化评价漆酶对染料的脱色效果.[结果]从森林土壤中筛选到一株漆酶高产菌株LS05,初步鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens);菌株LS05的芽孢漆酶以丁香醛连氮为底物的最适pH为6.6,最适温度为70℃;该酶具有较好的稳定性,经70℃处理10h或在pH 9.0条件下放置10d后可保留活性.对抑制剂SDS和EDTA具有一定的抗性,在碱性条件下可有效脱色不同的工业染料,RB亮蓝、活性黑和靛红1h内的脱色率达93％以上.[结论]Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LS05的芽孢漆酶在高温和碱性条件下稳定性强,相对于真菌漆酶具有更好的工业应用特性,可有效用于工业染料废水的处理.     

阿魏菇与胶红酵母共培养产漆酶对活性艳蓝W-RV的脱色

利用阿魏菇与胶红酵母共培养所产漆酶对染料活性艳蓝W-RV进行脱色,同时考察不同p H、温度、染料浓度和漆酶酶活等条件对脱色的影响。结果显示,酸性范围内的p H有利于活性艳蓝W-RV的脱色,较高温度并不适于脱色反应。在研究不同染料浓度的影响时发现,不同浓度染料的脱色率在7 h反应后都达到了稳定,而漆酶酶活在达到200 U/L后脱色率不再变化。因此,最终得到的最适反应条件为p H 4.5、30℃、染料质量浓度100 mg/L、漆酶酶活200 U/L,在此条件下,活性艳蓝W-RV的最高脱色率为89.91%。     

一株产漆酶真菌新月弯孢霉JQH-100在染料脱色中的应用

从感染叶斑病的玉米叶片中分离、纯化得到一株高产漆酶的新月弯孢霉Curvularia lunata JQH-100菌株。液体培养Curvularia lunata JQH-100可产漆酶且活性较高,产酶高峰出现在第3天;以ABTS为底物粗酶液的最适反应温度是30℃,最适反应pH是2.8;染料脱色的研究表明,共培养体系对茜素红的脱色率达到了92.6%,对中性红和刚果红的脱色率也都在80%以上;Curvularia lunata JQH-100所产漆酶经纯化后对染料茜素红和刚果红有较高的脱色率,分别为82.1%和81.2%。研究结果显示Curvularia lunata JQH-100在染料废水处理中有较大应用潜力。     

从麦草浆污泥中分离产木聚糖酶的木质纤维降解真菌

采用涂布平板法在马丁氏培养基平板上对麦草浆污泥作真菌分离研究,共分离纯化获得27株真菌,其中青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、麦轴梗霉属(Tritirachium)根霉属(Rhizopus)和毛霉属(Mucor)为其优势菌群;在麦芽提取物-OPP培养基平板上分离得到10株真菌,其中拟指突孢曲霉属(Emercellopsis)为其优势菌群。通过对麦草浆污泥连续富集培养得到真菌10株,经初步鉴定为曲霉属(Aspergillus)和青霉属(Penicillium)。对富集培养分离的菌种进行木聚糖酶产酶特性研究,结果表明:最优菌株为Aspergillussp.MC-JAⅡ,其木聚糖酶酶活性最高值达到2060 U/mL,发生在产酶培养的第84 h,相应纤维素酶活为99.5 U/mL。为国内首次报道麦草浆污泥中的降解木质纤维真菌的分离、鉴定和产酶研究。     

红平菇产漆酶条件优化及对孔雀绿染料脱色的研究

采用LNAS(低氮天冬酰胺-琥珀酸)培养基添加方式,对红平菇Pleurotus djamor HP1进行培养,检测不同时间培养液对不同底物的氧化作用,进而得到光密度值的变化情况,作为漆酶的产生及活性测定的主要依据。结果表明:在含Cu2+的培养液中漆酶最大酶活为235.4 U/L。含Cu2+的培养液添加底物木屑后漆酶最大酶活为458.8 U/L。提取经优化筛选后的培养基培养出的漆酶粗酶液,对4种具有不同化学结构的染料进行了脱色试验。结果表明:三苯基甲烷类的孔雀绿在6 h时脱色率为87.5%,蒽醌类的SN4R在24 h时脱色率为49.4%,偶氮类的甲基橙在24 h时脱色率为45%,杂环类的中性红在24 h时脱色率为23.6%。因此,显示出红平菇漆酶对孔雀绿染料脱色具有较大的应用潜力,进而对废水处理具有更好的应用前景。     

南海局部海洋沉积物中真菌多样性及产酶活性

【目的】从11份南海海洋沉积物中分离耐盐真菌,并对其物种多样性及产酶活性进行研究。【方法】利用平板涂布法分离耐盐真菌,基于形态学和ITS序列的系统进化研究耐盐真菌多样性;利用6种筛选培养基对耐盐真菌进行产酶活性筛选。【结果】分离得到1689株耐盐真菌,共41个形态种。形态学和ITS序列分析表明,这些真菌归于15个属,其中曲霉属(Aspergillus)和青霉属(Penicillium)为优势菌群。对已测序的41株耐盐真菌的产酶活性研究表明,8株产纤维素酶,9株产淀粉酶,5株产复合酶,16株产蛋白酶,3株产脂肪酶,未发现产壳聚糖酶的菌株,其中Acrodontium sp.8m和Aspergillus sp.86b产复合酶的活性相对较高,而Penicillium sp.41m产蛋白酶的活性相对较高。【结论】南海局部海洋沉积物中耐盐真菌丰富,多数菌株具有产酶活性。     

温特曲霉HD1的鉴定及其对氧蒽类染料脱色特性的研究

从土壤中分离到１株染料脱色真菌,经鉴定命名为温特曲霉ＨＤ１。该菌对氧蒽类染料虎红具有很强的脱色能力。温度在２８￣４０℃之间,ＨＤ１对虎红的脱色率为９３￣９９％,最适脱色温度为３３℃,ｐＨ值在４．０￣８．０之间,其脱色率为８９．３￣９８．８％,最适脱色ｐＨ值为６．０。培养基、碳源,氮源及接种量对其脱色率均有影响,该菌对虎红的脱色酶为组成酶,主要分布在细胞内,染料的加入能改变脱色酶在胞内外的分配比例,     

灵芝漆酶催化阳离子红2GL脱色的研究

真菌漆酶在纺织物染料脱色及其废水净化等领域有着巨大的应用潜力。阳离子红2GL是使用广泛又难以处理的一种染料,现有的方法治理效果差。本研究优化了灵芝漆酶催化阳离子红2GL脱色的主要工艺参数:最适pH、温度、ABTS用量、漆酶用量和染料浓度分别为4.5、20℃、0.083mmol/L、10U/mL和50mg/L。在所得的最优条件下反应30min,阳离子红2GL的脱色率可达90.3%;反应24h,脱色率达100.0%。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.