不同培养基对富集筛选脱色真菌菌群的效果比较

利用活性黑RB5和活性红M-3BE作为筛选因子,从染料脱色效果、菌群产酶能力以及菌群中的微生物丰富度三方面比较了酵母培养基A、产漆酶真菌培养基B和白腐真菌培养基D在脱色真菌富集筛选方面的效果。富集筛选结果共得到11组具有明显脱色效果的真菌菌群,其中5组来自于D培养基,A和B培养基各获得3组。来自A培养基的3组菌群显示出最好的脱色效果和最大的菌群丰富度,对50mg/L的活性红M-3BE和酸性红A溶液的脱色率最高达到99.53%和97.42%,从中分离到了16株真菌,初步鉴定分属于水霉科、曲霉科（红曲霉属）、节壶菌科和白粉菌科;而B和D培养基中所获得的菌群脱色效果稍差,从中仅得到3株和2株真菌,初步鉴定属于酵母和青霉。A、B两种培养基在各种染料存在下更易产生木质素过氧化物酶,产漆酶能力较弱,而D培养基产漆酶活性较高。     

不同培养基对富集筛选脱色真菌菌群的效果比较

利用活性黑RB5和活性红M-3BE作为筛选因子,从染料脱色效果、菌群产酶能力以及菌群中的微生物丰富度三方面比较了酵母培养基A、产漆酶真菌培养基B和白腐真菌培养基D在脱色真菌富集筛选方面的效果。富集筛选结果共得到11组具有明显脱色效果的真菌菌群,其中5组来自于D培养基,A和B培养基各获得3组。来自A培养基的3组菌群显示出最好的脱色效果和最大的菌群丰富度,对50mg/L的活性红M-3BE和酸性红A溶液的脱色率最高达到99.53%和97.42%,从中分离到了16株真菌,初步鉴定分属于水霉科、曲霉科(红曲霉属)、节壶菌科和白粉菌科;而B和D培养基中所获得的菌群脱色效果稍差,从中仅得到3株和2株真菌,初步鉴定属于酵母和青霉。A、B两种培养基在各种染料存在下更易产生木质素过氧化物酶,产漆酶能力较弱,而D培养基产漆酶活性较高。     

白腐真菌对染料废水脱色及降解的研究

染料废水是最难处理的工业废水之一,近年来许多学者就白腐真菌对染料废水的脱色进行了广泛的研究,系统介绍了白腐真菌对染料脱色和降解作用的研究进展,脱色机理及其影响因素,旨在为以后真菌对染料废水的脱色及降解提供参考和依据。     

固定化白腐真菌对多种染料脱色的研究

白腐真菌F17 Schizophyllum sp．对不同结构的多种染料具有较强的脱色能力。聚酯无纺布是该菌固定化的最佳载体。利用正交实验,确定了该菌株固定化细胞制备的最优操作条件。与游离菌相比,固定化菌不仅提高其脱色能力,而且在pH值和染料浓度的变化情况下,仍保持稳定的脱色率。固定化菌对染料脱色后的紫外可见光谱分析表明,可见光区吸收峰消失,紫外区的光吸收峰有所增加,染料结构发生了变化。     

固定化白腐真菌对多种染料脱色的研究*

白腐真菌F17Schizophyllumsp.对不同结构的多种染料具有较强的脱色能力。聚酯无纺布是该菌固定化的最佳载体。利用正交实验,确定了该菌株固定化细胞制备的最优操作条件。与游离菌相比,固定化菌不仅提高其脱色能力,而且在pH值和染料浓度的变化情况下,仍保持稳定的脱色率。固定化菌对染料脱色后的紫外可见光谱分析表明,可见光区吸收峰消失,紫外区的光吸收峰有所增加,染料结构发生了变化。     

茅草菇菌丝球对铬黑T的脱色降解性能及毒性评价

[目的]利用真菌茅草菇菌丝球对染料铬黑T(EBT)进行脱色和降解,探究在不同环境条件下对染料脱色性能的影响及作用机制.[方法]采用单因素分析探究真菌的最佳脱色能力,分光光度法测定真菌酶活,小麦种子萌发、大肠杆菌接触抑制试验及秀丽隐杆线虫毒性试验测定脱色前后废水的毒性.[结果]茅草菇菌丝球受摇床温度和转速影响较小,在pH...     

灵芝漆酶催化阳离子红2GL脱色的研究

真菌漆酶在纺织物染料脱色及其废水净化等领域有着巨大的应用潜力。阳离子红2GL是使用广泛又难以处理的一种染料,现有的方法治理效果差。本研究优化了灵芝漆酶催化阳离子红2GL脱色的主要工艺参数:最适pH、温度、ABTS用量、漆酶用量和染料浓度分别为4.5、20℃、0.083mmol/L、10U/mL和50mg/L。在所得的最优条件下反应30min,阳离子红2GL的脱色率可达90.3%;反应24h,脱色率达100.0%。     

三种白腐真菌脱色噻嗪染料亚甲基蓝

本研究通过含亚甲基蓝染料的固体培养基,从19株白腐真菌菌株中分离获得3个脱色能力较强的菌株,其在平板上的脱色圈大小分别为7.5cm、6.8cm和5.5cm。鉴定其为：云芝栓孔菌Trametes versicolor（ZT-197）,绒毛栓孔菌Trametes pubescens（ZT-230）和亚黑管孔菌Bjerkandera fumosa（ZT-307）。其中,ZT-230对染料亚甲基蓝的脱色能力最强,可以将染料浓度为50mg/L的100mL液体培养基在6d之内100%脱色,而ZT-197和ZT-307在接种第10天时的脱色率为98%和80%。同时测定了3株白腐真菌在降解染料过程中的漆酶、锰过氧化物酶和木素过氧化物酶3种酶活力的规律：ZT-197和ZT-230均可分泌Lac和MnP两种酶,ZT-307只分泌LiP。本研究说明绒毛栓孔菌ZT-197在印染废水治理方面具有较好的应用前景。     

栓菌420漆酶C基因的克隆、高效表达及重组酶的染料脱色潜能

根据漆酶铜结合保守区氨基酸序列设计简并引物,从新型漆酶合成菌株栓菌420(Trametes sp.420)基因组DNA扩增得到一新的漆酶同工酶基因(lacC)片段,应用长距离反向PCR技术获得其两端侧翼序列。克隆得到的lacC序列长3640bp,包括长2263bp的开放读码框及5′和3′-非编码区。lacC cDNA序列长1560bp,编码一519aa的多肽。推导的LacC蛋白序列内部存在有10个潜在的N-糖基化位点和4个铜原子结合区。将不含自身信号序列的lacC cDNA以pPIC9载体为媒介克隆到表达载体pPIC9K上,转化毕赤酵母(Pichiapastoris)GS115细胞。重组菌在含有0.3mmol/LCuSO4和0.8%丙氨酸的BMM培养基中20℃培养9d,重组漆酶(rLacC)产量达到1.62×104U/L。用发酵粗酶液对终浓度50mg/L的染料进行脱色实验,结果表明,6U/L的rLacC对测试的三甲基类和偶氮类染料具有良好的脱色作用,小分子介体ABTS和HBT能够提高rLacC对染料的脱色效率和脱色速度。     

微生物对三苯基甲烷类染料脱色的研究进展

三苯基甲烷染料广泛应用于纺织印染、医药、生物染色、造纸、皮革、食品及化妆品等领域, 常见的有作为抗菌剂的孔雀石绿和结晶紫等。由于其特殊的化学结构, 在环境中较稳定且难以降解脱色, 因此其生物脱色降解的研究可为印染废水处理和染料污染环境的生物修复提供理论依据。本文从细菌、放线菌、真菌及藻类等微生物对三苯基甲烷类染料降解脱色研究新进展做综述。通过分析不同微生物脱色三苯基甲烷类染料的中间产物来探讨其降解机理和降解途径, 同时论及功能酶的分离纯化、酶学特性及其编码基因的克隆表达新进展, 并分别从基础理论和应用两方面对微生物降解三苯基甲烷类染料未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Chitosan-coated Lentinus polychrous Lév.: Integrated biosorption and biodegradation systems for decolorization of anionic reactive dyes

Research and development of an effective color removal system is needed to reduce the severity of water pollution caused by effluent that contains dyes. In this study, the integrated biosorption and biodegradation system of chitosan coated Lentinus polychrous Lév. was developed and evaluated for its decolorization efficiency with regard to anionic reactive dye mixtures of Reactive Blue 19, 160, and 198. The fungi were coated with 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% w/v of low molecular weight chitosan. The scanning electron micrographs confirmed that chitosan was successfully coated on the surface of the fungi. Studies of changes in UV–visible absorption spectra, dye desorption, ligninolytic enzyme activity, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that within 6 h, the biosorption was the control mechanism and the dyes were reduced to 91.50, 77.66, 37.39, and 26.93% by the fungi coated with 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% w/v chitosan, respectively. From the 36th hour to the end of colorization at the 72nd hour, the fungal biodegradation by laccase and manganese peroxidase was dominant and all treatments had 5–8% of the dye remaining. Therefore, the chitosan coat acted as an efficient biosorbent for the anionic reactive dyes, thereby effectively improving the decolorization efficiency of the white rot fungus.     

Decolorization of Acid red 151 by Aspergillus niger SA1 under different physicochemical conditions

The fungal strain A. niger SA1 isolated from textile wastewater pond proved to be an important source of remediation (decolorization/degradation) for textile dye, AR 151 (Reactive diazo dye) under different physicochemical conditions. Decolorization assays of AR 151 were carried out in Simulated textile effluent under shake flask condition for 8 days. Decolorization (at 20 mg l⁻¹ of dye) and related biomass production overall decreased with increase in pH from 5 to 9, at 30°C. It was maximum (95.71%) at pH 5 with highest amount of three residual products (36.91 (α-naphthol = 5.72) (sulfanilic acid = 24.81) (aniline = 6.38)) besides 2.05 mg ml⁻¹ of biomass production at an optimum concentration 6 and 0.1 mg l⁻¹ of glucose and urea respectively. The formation of the three products followed a quite different pattern at different pH values, however, it was considerably low (Total = 2.81 mg l⁻¹) compared to the amount of decolorization (67.26%) at pH 8. Decolorization (95–97%) was most favored under mesophilic temperature (25–45°C). It increased i.e., 90–98% with subsequent increase in dye from 10 to 100 mg l⁻¹, kept ≥50% below 400 mg l⁻¹ and drastically declined to 17% at 500 mg l⁻¹ of dye. Apparently, decolorization is found to be associated with fungal growth and hyphal uptake mechanism (Biosorption/Bioadsorption), however, mineralization of AR 151 and related products under different operational conditions also suggested a metabolically mediated decolorization/degradation.     

Decolorization of reactive dyes by mixed cultures isolated from textile effluent under anaerobic conditions

In the present study mixed cultures that could grew in the molasses media were isolated from textile dye effluent and its decolorization activity was studied in a batch system under anaerobic conditions, in order to determine the optimal conditions required for the highest decolorization activity. The optimum pH value for decolorization was determined as 8 for all the dyes tested. In the experiment with pH 8 dye decolorizations by mixed cultures were investigated at about 96.2–1031.3 mg l⁻¹ initial dye concentrations. The highest dye removal rates of mixed cultures were 94.9% for Reactive Red RB, 91.0% for Reactive Black B and 63.6% for Remazol Blue at 953.2, 864.9 and 1031.3 mg l⁻¹ initial dye concentrations respectively within 24 h incubation period. When the Reactive Red RB was used, approximately 82–98% total color removal was obtained at between 96.2 and 953.2 mg l⁻¹ initial dye concentrations after 12 h of incubation at 35 °C. These results show that our enriched mixed cultures have the potential to serve as an excellent biomass for the use in reactive dye removal from wastewaters under anaerobic conditions.