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1.
粟通萍  蒋爱武  梁伟 《动物学杂志》2016,51(6):1142-1143
正棕腹杜鹃(Hierococcyx nisicolor)和乌鹃(Surniculus lugubris)是鹃形目(Cuculiformes)杜鹃科(Cuculidae)的寄生性繁殖鸟类(郑光美2011,Dickinson et al.2013)。目前棕腹杜鹃已记录的宿主主要为鹟科(Muscicapidae)鸟类,例如北灰鹟(Muscicapa dauurica)、白腹蓝姬鹟(Cyanoptila cyanomelana)等(Payne 2005,Erritz?e et al.2012)。  相似文献   

2.
正2014年7月16日和2015年6月9日,先后在陕西洋县长青国家级自然保护区内(33°38′42.25″N,107°29′54.42″E,海拔1 199~1 319 m)分别发现并拍摄到两种杜鹃科鸟类。参考相关文献(约翰·马敬能等2000,赵正阶2001,Erritz?e et al.2012),鉴定为棕腹杜鹃(Cuculus nisicolor)和八声杜鹃(Cacomantis merulinus)(图1)。两种杜鹃均为陕西省首次记录(郑光美2011)。棕腹杜鹃为亚成鸟,生境为靠近溪流的落叶阔叶林,林下为巴山木竹林(Arundinaria fargesii)。其头顶、颈  相似文献   

3.
许多杜鹃在产下寄生卵之前通常会先叼走或吃掉宿主的1~2枚卵,这说明杜鹃不仅是寄生性繁殖的鸟类,同时可能也是潜在的捕食者。关于杜鹃对其宿主巢捕食的动机,一般认为一是由于杜鹃发现宿主巢时,已不适合寄生,将其捕食或毁坏可迫使宿主重新筑巢,从而杜鹃会获得寄生机会;二则可能由于宿主识别并拒绝了寄生卵,一些杜鹃会通过捕食或破坏宿主的巢,作为对宿主的一种惩罚性报复。2015年6月,在贵州宽阔水自然保护区,通过录像首次记录到中杜鹃(Cuculus saturatus)捕食整巢比氏鹟莺(Seicercus latouchei)卵的行为,表明中杜鹃不仅是许多宿主鸟类的巢寄生者,同时也可能是其巢捕食者。  相似文献   

4.
本文报道了莺亚科10种和鹟亚科4种的核型,并对已报道过的这二亚科18种鸟类的核型进行了比较研究。这两个亚科通常依据表型差异被划分在一个科——鹟科中。Siblcy(1988)等则依据DNA差异(通过DNA—DNA分子杂交测定)将它们划在不问的三个科(鹟科、莺科和戴菊科)中。核型比较的结果支持了Sibley对这两亚科鸟类的重新划分。  相似文献   

5.
正2015年6月22日,在河北省平山县驼梁国家级自然保护区驼峰附近的华北落叶松林内(113°49′33″E,38°44′59″N,海拔2 056 m)观察到1雌1雄2只鹟科鸟类。雌鸟上体橄榄褐色,两翼各具1道棕白色的翼斑;喉部、胸部浅褐色,并略带皮黄;尾上覆羽沾棕色;眼周白色,嘴黑褐色。雄鸟上体暗蓝灰色,喉、上胸、两胁橙红色,腹部颜色逐渐变白,尾近黑色。发现时,雌鸟往返飞行于落叶松枝和地面进行觅食;雄鸟在落叶松上部的树枝上频繁地鸣唱。经查阅文献(约翰·马敬能等2000,曲利明2014,Clement et al.2016),确定该鸟种为锈胸蓝姬鹟(Ficedula hodgsonii)(图1)。  相似文献   

6.
2016年9和10月,在西藏自治区林芝及日喀则开展鸟类多样性调查期间新记录到8种鸟类,包括白胸翡翠指名亚种(Halcyon smyrnensis smyrnensis)、黑冠山雀指名亚种(Periparus rubidiventris rubidiventris)和栗腹?指名亚种(Sitta cinnamoventris cinnamoventris)、斑尾鹃鸠(Macropygia unchall)、红喉姬鹟(Ficedula albicilla)、黄胸柳莺(Phylloscopus cantator)、棕脸鹟莺(Abroscopus albogularis)以及田鹨(Anthus richardi)。  相似文献   

7.
了解杜鹃对其宿主的选择和寄生情况,能为两者间的协同进化研究提供重要的基础资料。2012和2013年每年的4~8月,在贵州宽阔水国家级自然保护区对不同生境类型中的鸟巢进行搜索监测,记录到4例中杜鹃(Cuculus saturatus)寄生繁殖现象,其宿主分别是暗绿绣眼鸟(Zosterops japonicus)、棕腹柳莺(Phylloscopus subaffinis)和黄喉鹀(Emberiza elegans),其中棕腹柳莺和暗绿绣眼鸟是首次记录到被中杜鹃寄生。中杜鹃卵重(2.39±0.14)g(n=3),体积(2.24±0.18)cm3(n=3),通过T检验方法发现中杜鹃卵极显著大于暗绿绣眼鸟和棕腹柳莺卵(P0.001),同时在形状上也与两者极不相似,中杜鹃卵呈明显的长椭圆形,与黄喉鹀的卵在大小上无显著差异(P=0.1)。反射光谱的分析结果发现,寄生于不同宿主巢的中杜鹃卵在背景色和斑点上都具有一定差异,这表明中杜鹃的卵可能存在基因族群的分化。  相似文献   

8.
报道了四川杜鹃花属(Rhododendron)2新分布种和1新分布变种,它们分别是乳黄杜鹃(Rhododendron lacteum Franch.)、迷人杜鹃(R.agastum Balf.f.et W.W.Smith)、毛柱红棕杜鹃(R.rubiginosum Franch.var.ptilo-stylum R.C.Fang).  相似文献   

9.
角百灵和小云雀的孵化行为   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
赵亮  张晓爱  李来兴 《动物学报》2002,48(5):695-699
鸟类的个体发育是在双亲、雏鸟及巢组成的一种特殊环境中完成的,稳定的热环境是它们完成孵化和雏鸟生长发育的必要条件(White et al., 1974; Purdue, 1976; Ellis, 1982; Haftorn, 1983; Morton et al., 1985; Schnace et al., 1991; Vatnick et al., 1998; 张晓爱等,1995).因此亲鸟的伴巢行为及时间花费在保证繁殖成功中起重要作用.伴巢行为是指亲鸟在繁殖期间,为筑巢、防御、抱卵、孵雏及递食而出现在巢中或附近的所有行为(Oppenhaim, 1972).亲鸟拌巢的时间分配与巢环境有密切关系,已有大量的报道(如Purdue, 1976; Ellis,1982; Schnace et al., 1991;张晓爱等, 1995). 张晓爱等(1995)比较了高寒草甸地区的地面、灌丛及洞穴3种不同营巢类型亲鸟的伴巢时间分配模式,但是对亲缘关系较近,营巢生境相同鸟类之间的伴巢时间分配模式,以及坐巢行为与巢环境之间关系没有报道,国外对这方面的报道也甚少.本项研究选择高寒草甸的两种百灵科鸟:角百灵(Eremophila alpestris)和小云雀(Alauda gulgula)作为研究对象来比较亲鸟在孵化期坐巢行为与巢址微环境的关系,对研究鸟类繁殖行为与环境关系及从生活史进化角度研究相似种的共存机制提供理论依据.  相似文献   

10.
2018年10月至2021年10月,在西藏墨脱县开展鸟类多样性调查期间记录到6种鸟类新分布,分别是大蓝仙鹟 (Cyornis magnirostris)、黄嘴角鸮 (Otus spilocephalus)、金胸雀鹛指名亚种 (Lioparus chrysotis chrysotis)、细嘴钩嘴鹛Sintextus亚种 (Pomatorhinus superciliaris intextus)、白喉姬鹟指名亚种 (Anthipes monileger monileger)、棕胸雅鹛assamense亚种 (Trichastoma tickelli assamense)。  相似文献   

11.
47 names and combinations are published as new, chiefly from the elaboration ofAlchemilla byA. Plocek inL. Bertová (ed.), Flóra Slovenska 4/3, Bratislava (in press). The populations recognized as varieties and species new to science (12 and 29, respectively) come from the summits of W. Beskids (9 taxa), Belianske Tatry (12), other parts of Tatra (8), Fatra (5), elsewhere in the Central Carpathians in Slovakia (4), the Low Beskids in E. Slovakia (1), W. and E. Carpathians (1), N. Moravia (1). In addition, three epithets are published in a new combination, and the names for two new subseries and a new forma are proposed.  相似文献   

12.
13.
A modification of the general system of classification ofCalliphoridae is proposed in this report. Information about the chromosome complements of about 90 species is provided including references to the earlier literature on chromosomes of this family. With one exception all species studied by us or by earlier investigators have 2n=12. The total complement length of 556 complements from 83 species averaged 66.4 μ. Most species have a short heteromorphic sex pair but the size and morphology vary considerably and one species,Hemipyrellia fernandica, seems to have a quadrivalent sex-chromosome complex in a 2n=14 complement. The autosomal pairs vary in both length and arm ratios between the species but seem to be more stable than the sex chromosomes. Only minor variations were found between different collections of the same species except for two collections ofCalliphora croceipalpis. Although presently available data on the chromosomes of Diptera species suggest that increases in total complement length accompany evolutionary progress, no such general trends were obvious in either the total complement lengths or chromosome morphology, either within or between the tribes ofCalliphoridae. Thus the karyotypical reorganizations in the family have apparently not been directly associated with changes in the general morphological features of the adults which may have responded in these respects more extensively to genetic mutations.  相似文献   

14.
It was found in the present study that combined use of fusidic acid (FA) and berberine chloride (BBR) offered an in vitro synergistic action against 7 of the 30 clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, with a fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index ranging from 0.5 to 0.19. This synergistic effect was most pronounced on MRSA 4806, an FA-resistant isolate, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1,024 μg/ml. The time-kill curve experiment showed that FA plus BBR yielded a 4.2 log10 c.f.u./ml reduction in the number of MRSA 4806 bacteria after 24-h incubation as compared with BBR alone. Viable count analysis showed that FA plus BBR produced a 3.0 log10 c.f.u./ml decrease in biofilm formation and a 1.5 log10 c.f.u./ml decrease in mature biofilm in viable cell density as compared with BBR alone. In addition, phase contrast micrographs confirmed that biofilm formation was significantly inhibited and mature biofilm was obviously destructed when FA was used in combination with BBR. These results provide evidence that combined use of FA and BBR may prove to be a promising clinical therapeutic strategy against MRSA.  相似文献   

15.
The intracellular levels of ppGpp and pppApp in various microorganisms were determined by radioimmunoassay, with was of more accuracy and convenience than previous 32P-labeling method. ppGpp was detected in bacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts and fungi. pppApp was found in non-spore forming bacteria such as the genera Pseudomonas and Escherichia, fungi and actinomycetes, but not in yeasts. In conclusion, ppGpp and pppApp are present in various prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes.  相似文献   

16.
17.
Tests were made on highly purified bovine peptidal pituitary factors for lipolytic activity on rat adipose tissue. The lipolytic protein factor from bovine pituitary glands was isolated and characterized by ethanol precipitation, gel filtration, and isoelectric focusing. The supernatant of the homogenized tissue was precipitated with ethanol, the precipitate was lyophilized and resuspended in HCl 1 mmole/liter, the insoluble was discarded, and the supernatant lyophilized. A solution of the lyophilized fraction was fractionated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. The bands with lipolytic activity were pooled and lyophilized. Lipolytic activity was determined by incubation of epididimal rat adipose tissue and by successive measurements of free fatty acids and glycerol released in the incubation medium. The gel filtration with the highest lipolytic activity (20.4 µequiv/g per 4 hr and 17.0 µmole/g per 4 hr glycerol) was submitted to isoelectric focusing. The gel filtration still appeared highly heterogeneous, but most of the lipolytic activity was concentrated in the protein band at pH 8.6.  相似文献   

18.
Mature staminate flowers of giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.; Asteraceae, tribe Heliantheae) are about 2 mm long. Each of the five fused petals is traversed for most of its length by a prominent polyacetylene-filled reservoir (PAR). PAR'S have a biseriate epithelium and, except for their short length of about 1.5 mm, seem identical to the much longer PAR's of leaf and stem. Study of sections of resin-embedded flowers at different developmental stages showed that corolla PAR's appear with a full complement of epithelial cells, and occupy their full relative length, in flowers only 150 μm in length. As the flower enlarges, the original epithelial cells also enlarge and elongate, and secrete into the lumen, which opens simultaneously for its entire length when the flower is nearly 300 μm long. PAR's in mature flowers have only their original epithelial cells, which remain alive. Corolla PAR's seem anatomically to be representative of the canals and ducts that have been described elsewhere in Asteraceae.  相似文献   

19.
The somatic karyotype ofLarix leptolepis (2n=24) is composed of 12 large metacentric chromosomes and 12 small submetacentric chromosomes. Each CMA-band appeared at the interstitial region of four metacentric chromosomes. Each bright DAPI-band appeared at the proximal region of one side of the arms of nearly all chromosomes. However, two submetacentric chromosomes had no discriminable DAPI-bands. The CMA-bands coincided in position with the secondary constriction and the negative DAPI-bands.  相似文献   

20.
This philosophical visualisation of agents of death 'Never Again', is an insight into the resistance ofan 'Igboman' to the unholy instruments of transition from the physical life to the spiritual as embedded in hisbelief system and cultural heritage of the Igboland South-East of the River Niger.  相似文献   

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