共查询到10条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
Zhang C Yin Y Zhang A Lu Q Wen X Zhu Z Zhang L Lu C 《Journal of plant physiology》2012,169(4):387-398
Heterosis is a common phenomenon in which the hybrids exhibit superior agronomic performance than either inbred parental lines. Although hybrid rice is one of the most successful apotheoses in crops utilizing heterosis, the molecular mechanisms underlying rice heterosis remain elusive. To gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of rice heterosis, comparative leaf proteomic analysis between a superhybrid rice LYP9 and its parental cultivars 9311 and PA64s at tillering, flowering and grain-filling stages were carried out. A total of 384 differentially expressed proteins (DP) were detected and 297 DP were identified, corresponding to 222 unique proteins. As DP were divided into those between the parents (DPPP) and between the hybrid and its parents (DPHP), the comparative results demonstrate that proteins in the categories of photosynthesis, glycolysis, and disease/defense were mainly enriched in DP. Moreover, the number of identified DPHP involved in photosynthesis, glycolysis, and disease/defense increased at flowering and grain-filling stages as compared to that at the tillering stage. Most of the up-regulated DPHP involved in the three categories showed greater expression in LYP9 at flowering and grain-filling stages than at the tillering stage. In addition, CO2 assimilation rate and apparent quantum yield of photosynthesis also showed a greater increase in LYP9 at flowering and grain-filling stages than at the tillering stage. These results suggest that the proteins involved in photosynthesis, glycolysis, and disease/defense as well as their dynamic regulation at different developmental stages may be responsible for heterosis in rice. 相似文献
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Jun-Yu Chen Liang Guo Huan Ma Yu-Yu Chen Hong-Wei Zhang Jie-Zheng Ying Jie-Yun Zhuang 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2014,127(11):2515-2524
Key message
A minor QTL for heading date located on the long arm of rice chromosome 1 was delimitated to a 95.0-kb region using near isogenic lines with sequential segregating regions.Abstract
Heading date and grain yield are two key factors determining the commercial potential of a rice variety. In this study, rice populations with sequential segregating regions were developed and used for mapping a minor QTL for heading date, qHd1. A total of 18 populations in six advanced generations through BC2F6 to BC2F11 were derived from a single BC2F3 plant of the indica rice cross Zhenshan 97 (ZS97)///ZS97//ZS97/Milyang 46. The QTL was delimitated to a 95.0-kb region flanked by RM12102 and RM12108 in the terminal region of the long arm of chromosome 1. Results also showed that qHd1 was not involved in the photoperiodic response, having an additive effect ranging from 2.4 d to 2.9 d observed in near isogenic lines grown in the paddy field and under the controlled conditions of either short day or long day. The QTL had pleiotropic effects on yield traits, with the ZS97 allele delaying heading and increasing the number of spikelets per panicle, the number of grains per panicle and grain yield per plant. The candidate region contains ten annotated genes including two genes with functional information related to the control of heading date. These results lay a foundation for the cloning of qHd1. In addition, this kind of minor QTLs could be of great significance in rice breeding for allowing minor adjustment of heading date and yield traits. 相似文献4.
María Benlloch-Gonzalez Jens Berger Helen Bramley Greg Rebetzke Jairo A. Palta 《Plant and Soil》2014,374(1-2):963-976
Background and Aims
Understanding crop responses to increasing atmospheric CO2 requires knowledge of how their root systems grow, proliferate and function. The effect of elevated CO2 on the growth and proliferation of wheat root system (Triticum aestivum L.), was examined.Methods
Two pairs of sister lines of wheat contrasting in vigour (CV97 and CV207) and tillering (7750N and 7750PF) were grown in rhizo-boxes under ambient (380 μl L?1) and elevated CO2 (700 μl L?1), and the root growth and proliferation mapped.Results
Elevated CO2 effects on shoot and root biomass were observed in the lines contrasting for vigour, but not in the lines contrasting for tillering. Root biomass was reduced by 67 % in the high vigour line CV97, reducing total plant biomass by 26 % compared to the low vigour line, CV207. This was due to a reduction in root length down the 1 m soil profile and root proliferation in the top 0.2 m layer. The reduction in root biomass was not compensated by an increase in shoot biomass.Conclusions
The reduction in root biomass under elevated CO2 in the vigour line CV97 can be explained through its inability to increase the sink strength due to the failure to increase tiller number to which the plant presumably responded by increasing losses of the newly assimilated carbon by respiration. 相似文献5.
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Takeshi Tokida Weiguo Cheng Minaco Adachi Toshinori Matsunami Hirofumi Nakamura Masumi Okada Toshihiro Hasegawa 《Plant and Soil》2013,364(1-2):131-143
Purpose
We attempted to determine the contribution of entrapped gas bubbles to the soil methane (CH4) pool and their role in CH4 emissions in rice paddies open to the atmosphere.Methods
We buried pots with soil and rice in four treatments comprising two atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ambient and ambient +200 μmol mol?1) and two soil temperatures (ambient and ambient +2 °C). Pots were retrieved for destructive measurements of rice growth and the gaseous CH4 pool in the soil at three stages of crop development: panicle formation, heading, and grain filling. Methane flux was measured before pot retrieval.Results
Bubbles that contained CH4 accounted for a substantial fraction of the total CH4 pool in the soil: 26–45 % at panicle formation and 60–68 % at the heading and grain filling stages. At panicle formation, a higher CH4 mixing ratio in the bubbles was accompanied by a greater volume of bubbles, but at heading and grain filling, the volume of bubbles plateaued and contained ~35 % CH4. The bubble-borne CH4 pool was closely related to the putative rice-mediated CH4 emissions measured at each stage across the CO2 concentration and temperature treatments. However, much unexplained variation remained between the different growth stages, presumably because the CH4 transport capacity of rice plants also affected the emission rate.Conclusions
The gas phase needs to be considered for accurate quantification of the soil CH4 pool. Not only ebullition but also plant-mediated emission depends on the gaseous-CH4 pool and the transport capacity of the rice plants. 相似文献7.
Satoshi Ogawa Michael Gomez Selvaraj Angela Joseph Fernando Mathias Lorieux Manabu Ishitani Susan McCouch Juan David Arbelaez 《Plant and Soil》2014,375(1-2):303-315
Aims
In rice, seminal root elongation plays an important role in acquisition of nutrients such as N and P, but the extent to which different N forms and P concentrations affect root growth is poorly understood. This study aimed to examine N- and P-mediated seminal root elongation response and to identify putative QTLs associated with seminal root elongation.Methods
Seminal root elongation was evaluated in 15 diverse wild and cultivated accessions of rice, along with 48 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from a cross between the rice variety ‘Curinga’ and Oryza rufipogon (IRGC 105491). Root elongation in response to different forms of N (NH4 +, NO3 ? and NH4NO3) and concentrations of P was evaluated under hydroponic conditions, and associated putative QTL regions were identified.Results
The CSSL parents had contrasting root responses to N and P. Root elongation in O. rufipogon was insensitive to N source and concentration, whereas Curinga was responsive. In contrast to N, seminal root elongation and P concentration was positively correlated. Three putative QTLs for seminal root elongation in response to N were detected on chromosome 1, and one QTL on chromosome 3 was associated with low P concentration.Conclusions
Genetic variation in seminal root elongation and plasticity of nutrient response may be appropriate targets for marker-assisted selection to improve rice nutrient acquisition efficiency. 相似文献8.
Does radial oxygen loss and iron plaque formation on roots alter Cd and Pb uptake and distribution in rice plant tissues? 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Background and Aims
Metal (e.g. Cd and Pb) pollution in agricultural soils and crops have aroused considerable attention in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ROL and Fe plaque on Cd and Pb accumulation and distribution in the rice plant.Methods
A rhizobag experiment was employed to investigate the correlations among radial oxygen loss (ROL), Fe plaque formation and uptake and distribution of Cd and Pb in 25 rice cultivars.Results
Large differences between the cultivars were found in rates of ROL (1.55 to 6.88 mmol O2 kg?1 root d.w. h?1), Fe plaque formation (Fe: 6,117–48,167 mg kg?1; Mn: 127–1,089 mg kg?1), heavy metals in shoot (Cd: 0.13–0.35 mg kg?1; Pb: 4.8–8.1 mg kg?1) and root tissues (Cd: 1.1–3.5 mg kg?1; Pb: 45–199 mg kg?1), and in Fe plaque (Cd: 0.54–2.6 mg kg?1; Pb: 102–708 mg kg?1). Rates of ROL were positively correlated with Fe plaque formation and metal deposition on root surfaces, but negatively correlated with metal transfer factors of root/plaque and distributions in shoot and root tissues.Conclusions
ROL-induced Fe plaque promotes metal deposition on to root surfaces, leading to a limitation of Cd and Pb transfer and distribution in rice plant tissues. 相似文献9.
Aims
The possible involvement of the chemical-mediated interaction in allelopathy between rice and barnyard grass was investigated.Methods
Effcts of rice seedlings and rice root exudate on the alleloapthic activity of barnyard grass were determined and a key compound invovled in the allelopathic interaction between rice and barnyard grass was isolated.Results
Allelopathic activity of barnyard grass was increased by the presence of rice seedlings. Rice root exudates also elevated the allelopahtic activity of barnyard grass. A key compound, which increased the allelopathic activity of barnyard grass, in the rice root exudates was isolated and determined as momilactone B. Momilactone B increased the allelopathic activity of barnyard grass at concentrations greater than 3 μM, and increasing the momilactone B concentration increased the activity.Conclusions
Momilactone B is known to act as a potent rice allelochemical and to possess strong growth inhibitory activity against barnyard grass. The present research suggests that barnyard grass may response to the presence of neighboring rice by sensing momilactone B in rice root exudates and increase allelopathic activity. Thus, momilactone B may not only act as a rice allelochemical but also play an important role in rice-induced allelopathy of barnyard grass. The induced-allelopathy may provide a competitive advantage for barnyard grass through the growth inhibition of competing plant species including rice. Barnyard grass allelopathy may be one of the inducible defense mechanisms by chemical-mediated plant interaction between rice and barnyard grass. Rice allelopathy was also reported to be increased by the presence of barnyard grass through increasing production and secretion of momilactone B into surrounding environments. During the evolutional process, rice and barnyard grass may have developed the chemical cross talk to activate the defense mechanisms against some biotic stress conditions by detection of certain key compounds. 相似文献10.