顺式CA1P对肿瘤细胞增殖和血管生成的影响

目的:研究顺式考布他汀二磷酸四钠(cis-CA1P)对体外培养肿瘤细胞增殖的作用,以及对鸡胚尿囊膜血管和离体培养的大鼠主动脉环血管生成的影响。方法:通过测定MTT评价药物对体外培养肿瘤细胞的作用;建立培养鸡胚尿囊膜模型、离体培养大鼠动脉环,研究顺式CA1P对血管生成的影响。结果:顺式CA1P对MGC-803人胃癌细胞、U937人急性髓系白血病细胞、A375人黑色素瘤细胞、HCT116人结肠癌细胞、MDA-MB-231人乳腺癌细胞、K562人白血病细胞具有显著的生长抑制作用,且呈明显的浓度依赖性;顺式CA1P呈剂量依赖性抑制鸡胚尿囊膜血管及离体培养的大鼠主动脉环血管生成,并可以抑制血管内皮细胞的运动及血管网络状结构形成。结论:顺式CA1P具有抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和抗血管生成的作用。     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化的内皮样细胞促进血管新生及Rho激酶的作用

本文研究大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化生成的内皮样细胞(rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-differentiated endothelial like cells,rBMSC-ECs)在血管新生中的作用及Rho激酶(Rho kinase,ROCK)活性抑制的影响。实验建立rBMSC-ECs与主动脉环体外共培养实验模型,设单纯血管环组、血管环与细胞共培养组和HA-1077低、中、高浓度组,HA-1077组在共培养的基础上分别在培养液中加不同浓度(10、30、60mmol/L)的ROCK特异抑制剂HA-1077。结果显示,培养第3天,血管环与细胞共培养组新生微血管数是单纯血管环组的1.3倍(P<0.05);HA-107710、30和60mmol/L组较共培养组分别减少57.70%、64.13%和48.23%(均P<0.01)。第6天,共培养组及HA-1077组rBMSC-ECs数量明显增加,并迁移至血管环周边,新生微血管生长缓慢;HA-1077组新生微血管数较共培养组明显减少。第9天,共培养组新生微血管部分增粗、增厚、延长,部分退化;一些rBMSC-ECs出芽,形成毛细血管...     

肺癌脑转移型A549/GFP-2 细胞的筛选及其条件液对脑微血管 内皮细胞的作用

目的：建立肺癌脑转移模型,筛选脑转移倾向细胞A549/GFP-2,探讨A549 和A549/GFP-2 条件液对脑微血管内皮细胞的作 用,揭示肺癌脑转移的机制。方法：利用胸腔原位注射法筛选出A549 脑转移细胞亚型A549/GFP-2,原代培养大鼠脑微血管内皮 细胞,观察A549和A549/GFP-2 细胞条件液对脑微血管内皮细胞增殖的影响和细胞内HIF-1琢和VEGF表达的改变。结果：胸腔 内原位种植较好地反应了临床肺癌脑转移的过程。不同浓度的A549 和A549/GFP-2 细胞条件液对脑微血管内皮细胞增殖的影响 不同,低浓度（＜ 30%）对脑微血管内皮细胞有促进的作用;高浓度（＞ 60%）对脑微血管内皮细胞的增殖有不同程度的抑制作用, 且有随浓度增加抑制作用增强的趋势。A549 和A549/GFP-2 细胞条件液能提高脑微血管内皮细胞内HIF-1alpha和VEGF 的表达。结 论：胸腔内原位种植是建立肺癌脑转移的稳定模型。肺癌脑转移与肺癌细胞在生长过程中分泌的HIF-1alpha和VEGF等细胞因子破 坏了脑微血管内皮细胞的结构有关。     

肺癌脑转移型A549／GFP-2细胞的筛选及其条件液对脑微血管内皮细胞的作用

目的：建立肺癌脑转移模型,筛选脑转移倾向细胞A549／GFP-2,探讨A549和A549／GFP-2条件液对脑微血管内皮细胞的作用,揭示肺癌脑转移的机制。方法：利用胸腔原位注射法筛选出A549脑转移细胞亚型A549／GFP-2,原代培养大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞,观察A549和A549／GFP-2细胞条件液对脑微血管内皮细胞增殖的影响和细胞内HIF-1α和VEGF表达的改变。结果：胸腔内原位种植较好地反应了临床肺癌脑转移的过程。不同浓度的A549和A549／GFP-2细胞条件液对脑微血管内皮细胞增殖的影响不同,低浓度（〈30％）对脑微血管内皮细胞有促进的作用;高浓度（〉60％）对脑微血管内皮细胞的增殖有不同程度的抑制作用,且有随浓度增加抑制作用增强的趋势。A549和A549／GFP-2细胞条件液能提高脑微血管内皮细胞内HIF-1α和VEGF的表达。结论：胸腔内原位种植是建立肺癌脑转移的稳定模型。肺癌脑转移与肺癌细胞在生长过程中分泌的HIF-1α和VEGF等细胞因子破坏了脑微血管内皮细胞的结构有关。     

斑蝥酸钠与喜树碱联用抗肿瘤效果的实验研究

斑蝥酸钠(sodium cantharidinate,SCA)和喜树碱(camptothecin,CPT)均已在临床用于肿瘤的治疗。该文就SCA与CPT联合用药在体外和体内对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制作用进行了研究。结果表明,两种药物的联合使用可增强对肺癌细胞系A549和肝癌细胞系Hep3B的体外增殖的抑制作用,且不同浓度配比下联用组的CI值均小于1,表现出了协同效应。利用肿瘤移植后的斑马鱼胚胎作为模型,研究结果证明,和单药作用相比,SCA和CPT联合应用可以显著抑制斑马鱼胚胎中A549细胞的增殖和扩散,且在实验剂量下,两者的合用对斑马鱼的胚胎发育没有明显的影响。另外,还发现CPT能够抑制斑马鱼胚胎的鳍发育,并对其血管生成产生抑制作用。该文的研究结果对于临床上联合使用SCA和CPT治疗相关肿瘤提供了有用的实验数据。     

内吞适配蛋白Epsin在非小细胞肺癌发生中的作用研究

目的:探讨内吞适配蛋白Epsin在非小细胞肺癌发生中的潜在作用。方法:选择体外培养的人非小细胞肺癌细胞(A549),筛选Epsin 1和Epsin 2 shRNA干扰效率达标的细胞。将裸鼠随机分为3组,每组10只,第1、2组裸鼠分别经胸腔植入人非小细胞肺癌细胞(A549)及epsin表达敲减的A549细胞,第3组注射等量的生理盐水,比较1、2组小鼠肿瘤体积的变化。8周后,处死所有裸鼠,留取肺组织及肿瘤组织,通过免疫荧光染色检测非肿瘤(正常)肺和致瘤性肺组织中的epsin 1和2的蛋白质水平。用实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)来研究epsin 1和2的基因表达水平。结果:肺肿瘤组织epsin1和2的m RNA和蛋白表达均显著高于正常肺组织中(P0.05)。种植epsin表达敲减的A549细胞裸鼠肿瘤生长速度及体积均大于种植正常A549细胞的裸鼠肿瘤。结论:Epsins表达上调可能促进非小细胞肺癌肿瘤的发生发展,而敲减epsins的表达可能为未来的非小细胞肺癌的治疗提供新的治疗靶点。     

大鼠主动脉内皮细胞的分离培养和鉴定

目的:探索大鼠主动脉原代内皮细胞体外培养方法,为体外研究提供细胞模型。方法:分离大鼠主动脉,直接贴壁于培养皿中,荧光倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,免疫组化Ⅷ因子相关抗原染色鉴定细胞。结果:约24小时组织块边缘有游离的新生细胞长出,7天即融合成片。消化传代后细胞呈短梭形或三角形,单层生长,铺路石状,Ⅷ因子表达阳性,呈指数增殖。冻存后复苏细胞活性均超过90%。结论:用贴壁法成功建立了大鼠血管内皮细胞体外培养方法,冻存细胞存活率高,为体外研究提供了稳定的模型。     

表达K1-5 蛋白的人胎盘间充质干细胞抑制大鼠主动脉环血管生成的实验研究

目的:观察表达外源性Kringle1-5(K1-5)蛋白的人胎盘组织的间充质干细胞(HPMSCs)在体外对大鼠主动脉环血管生成的影响。方法:用胶原酶和贴壁法从人胎盘组织中提取间充质干细胞。选取感染复数MOI:50,将重组腺病毒载体rAd-K1-5感染HPMSCs至48 h;应用荧光显微镜观察转染效率。取8周雌性SD大鼠的腹主动脉,建立主动脉环血管生成体外模型,6天后观察基质胶内微血管形成的情况。结果:从人胎盘组织提取的成纤维样细胞具有贴壁生长特性,可向成骨细胞、脂肪细胞分化,证明从胎盘提取的细胞是间充质干细胞。采用rAd-K1-5腺病毒载体感染的HPMSCs可分泌Kringle1-5蛋白,表达K1-5蛋白的转基因HPMSCs处理的基质胶栓中管样结构的形成明显减少。结论:表达外源性Kringle1-5蛋白的HPMSCs能够体外抑制大鼠主动脉环新生血管生成。     

TAp73调节肺腺癌细胞的血管生成能力依赖P53状态

TAp73是P53家族的一员,能够调节肿瘤的生成、侵袭和转移。但是,TAp73调节肿瘤血管生成的作用备受争议。本研究将外源TAp73转染至P53基因表达状态不同的两株肺腺癌细胞系H1299(P53-null)和A549(wt P53)中,观察TAp73对肿瘤血管生成的作用并探讨与P53基因的关系。首先,使用RT-PCR和Western印迹验证转染效率。细胞划痕实验表明,TAp73在A549细胞中促进细胞迁移,而在H1299细胞中抑制细胞迁移。体外HUVEC血管形成结果表明,TAp73在A549细胞中促进细胞血管形成,而在H1299细胞中抑制细胞血管形成。同时,血管生成抑制蛋白1（VASH1）的表达水平,也分别升高或降低。 本文研究结果表明,TAp73对肺腺癌细胞血管生成的作用依赖于P53基因的状态：在野生型P53基因存在时,TAp73促进血管生成,而在缺失P53基因的情况下,TAp73抑制血管生成。本研究对于TAp73作为肿瘤的潜在治疗靶点具有重要意义。     

人血管生成抑制素抑瘤研究进展

肿瘤的发展和转移需要新生血管的形成。人血管生成抑制素是近年发现的能够专一性抑制血管内皮细胞的内皮抑制因子。大量研究表明,在体外用血管生成抑制素处理血管内皮细胞可以抑制新生血管的形成,在体内单独使用血管生成抑制素,或者将血管生成抑制素与其他物质如基质金属蛋白酶、尿激酶联合处理荷瘤小鼠,可以降低小鼠体内肿瘤组织新生血管密度,抑制肿瘤的生长和肿瘤细胞的迁移。简要综述了血管生成抑制素抑制肿瘤生长和转移及其作用机理。     

Apo-10’-lycopenoic acid inhibits cancer cell migration and angiogenesis and induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ

ScopeWe have previously shown that apo-10’-lycopenoic acid (ALA), a derivative of lycopene through cleavage by carotene-9’,10’-oxygenase, inhibits tumor progression and metastasis in both liver and lung cancer animal models. The underlying mechanism remains unknown. We hypothesized that ALA inhibits cancer cell motility and angiogenesis by up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) which is involved in controlling angiogenesis, tumor progression and metastasis.Methods and resultsALA treatment, in dose-dependent manner, was effective at inhibiting migration and invasion of liver and lung cancer cells (HuH7 and A549) in both Transwell and wound-healing models, as well as suppressing actin remodeling and ruffling/lamellipodia formation in HuH7 and immortalized lung BEAS-2B cells. ALA treatment resulted in suppression of angiogenesis in both tube formation and aortic ring assays and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression and activation in both HuH7 and A549 cells. Additionally, ALA dose-dependently increased the mRNA expression and protein levels of PPARγ in human THLE-2 liver cells.ConclusionALA inhibits cancer cell motility and angiogenesis and induces PPARγ expression, which could be one of the potential mechanisms for ALA protecting against tumor progression.     

Regulation of angiogenesis in vitro by collagen metabolism

Summary The role of collagen in microvascular growth was investigated using the aortic ring model of angiogenesis. Collagen production by vasoformative outgrowths in plasma clot culture of rat aorta was either stimulated with ascorbic acid or inhibited with the proline analogue cis-hydroxyproline. Microvessels proliferating in the absence of ascorbic acid supplements became ectatic and developed large lumina. In contrast, newly formed microvessels in the presence of ascorbic acid remained small and maintained thin lumina throughout the angiogenic process. Biochemical studies demonstrated enhanced collagen production and deposition in cultures treated with ascorbic acid. Ultrastructural studies of these cultures showed a marked increase in newly formed interstitial collagen in the perivascular matrix and in regions of the plasma clot containing nonendothelial mesenchymal cells. Small microvessels with thin lumina similar to the ones observed in ascorbic acid-treated plasma clot cultures were obtained by growing aortic explants in gels of interstitial collagen in the absence of ascorbic acid. Inhibition of collagen production with the proline analogue cis-hydroxyproline had a marked anti-angiogenic effect in both plasma clot and collagen gel cultures. The anti-angiogenic effect of cis-hydroxyproline was abolished by addingl-proline to the culture medium, thereby restoring normal metabolism. These results support the hypothesis that angiogenesis is regulated by collagen production and suggest that the size of newly formed microvessels is influenced by the degree of collagenization of the extracellular matrix.     

Microarray gene expression profiling of angiogenesis inhibitors using the rat aortic ring assay

The rat aortic ring assay has been previously described as a useful ex vivo model for analyzing the biological activity of various inhibitors of angiogenesis. Rat aortic rings are exposed to antiangiogenic agents for a five-day incubation period. Then, the degree of microvessel outgrowth from the rings is analyzed and quantified. In contrast to most in vitro angiogenesis assays, the rat aortic ring model provides a unique microenvironment to evaluate the interaction of various cell types and biological factors for their influence on angiogenesis. Microarray analysis is an accepted method for the evaluation of gene expression profiles and can be used to better understand changes in gene expression that occur when rat aortic rings are exposed to a particular biological agent. Here we describe a method of using microarray technology to evaluate the modulation of gene expression in angiogenesis using the rat aortic ring assay.     

Inhibition of angiogenic factor- and tumour-induced angiogenesis by gamma linolenic acid.

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is an essential feature of malignant tumour development. Gamma linolenic acid (GLA), a n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), inhibits the growth and metastasis of a variety of tumour cells, including breast, prostate, pancreatic cancer and hepatoma cells and also has anti-metastatic effects on endothelial cells. In the current study, we tested whether GLA inhibited angiogenesis induced by tumour cells. A rat aortic ring assay and in vitro tube formation of human vascular endothelial cells were used to determine angiogenesis (spontaneous, angiogenic factor- and tumour cells-induced). Inclusion of GLA in this 3-D matrix culture system significantly inhibited angiogenesis from aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner. The results from tube formation of vascular endothelial cell further confirmed that GLA suppressed angiogenesis. Furthermore, in the cell motility assay (phagokinetic assay and endothelial wounding assay), a significant reduction of the motility of vascular endothelial cells by GLA was seen. It is concluded that gamma linolenic acid inhibits angiogenic factor and tumour-induced angiogenesis in vitro at least in part via its inhibitory effect on the motility of vascular endothelial cells.     

Biosynthesis of d-Erythroascorbic Acid by Candida

Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) has cytotoxic effects in many cancer cells. It has been reported that A549 lung cancer cells are markedly resistant to cell death induced by EGCG. In the present study, the effects of EGCG on A549 lung cancer cell growth and angiogenesis were studied. We found that EGCG dose-dependently suppressed A549 cell growth, while A549 cells were markedly resistant to cell death in vitro. Next we found that EGCG increased endostatin expression and suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. We further studied to determine whether EGCG would suppress A549 tumor growth in nude mouse and angiogenesis. EGCG in drinking water significantly suppressed A549 tumor growth in nude mice. Histological analysis revealed that the number of CD34 positive vessels had a tendency to decrease in the tumor. In sum, EGCG had anti-proliferative effects of A549 on tumor growth and showed a tendency to suppress angiogenesis.     

Use of the mouse aortic ring assay to study angiogenesis

Here we provide a protocol for quantitative three-dimensional ex vivo mouse aortic ring angiogenesis assays, in which developing microvessels undergo many key features of angiogenesis over a timescale similar to that observed in vivo. The aortic ring assay allows analysis of cellular proliferation, migration, tube formation, microvessel branching, perivascular recruitment and remodeling-all without the need for cellular dissociation-thus providing a more complete picture of angiogenic processes compared with traditional cell-based assays. Our protocol can be applied to aortic rings from embryonic stage E18 through to adulthood and can incorporate genetic manipulation, treatment with growth factors, drugs or siRNA. This robust assay allows assessment of the salient steps in angiogenesis and quantification of the developing microvessels, and it can be used to identify new modulators of angiogenesis. The assay takes 6-14 d to complete, depending on the age of the mice, treatments applied and whether immunostaining is performed.     

Placenta growth factor, PLGF, influences the motility of lung cancer cells, the role of Rho associated kinase, Rock1

Placenta growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the VEGF family and has been implicated in the aggressive capacity of solid tumours, partly via its impact on angiogenesis. The present study determined the direct biological function of endogenous PlGF in lung cancer cells. From the human non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 which expressed good level of PlGF, we created sublines within which PlGF expression was knockdown by way of anti-PlGF ribozyme transgenes. Remarkable reductions of both PlGF mRNA and protein by the ribozyme transgenes were revealed in A549 transfectants (A549(DeltaPlGF)) using RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively. A549(DeltaPlGF) cells exhibited significantly reduced migration and adhesion compared with the wild-type (A549(WT)) and the empty plasmid control (A549(pEF/His)) cells. Immunocytochemistry and Western blotting further revealed that the expression of ROCK1, Rho associated kinase, was also reduced in A549(DeltaPlGF) cells, in comparison with wild-type and control cells. In addition, A549(DeltaPlGF) cells lost its response to a ROCK inhibitor, which otherwise strongly inhibited the motility of A549(WT) and A549(pEF/His) cells. These data indicate that PlGF directly regulates the motility of human lung cancer cells and that this regulation critically dependent on ROCK-1. The study further indicates that PlGF is a potential therapeutic target in lung cancer.     

Endostatin inhibits microvessel formation in the ex vivo rat aortic ring angiogenesis assay

Endostatin has demonstrated potent antiangiogenic and antitumor activity in mouse models. We have investigated the ex vivo rat aortic ring assay and a human vein model to assess the biological activity of murine and human endostatin. Rat aortic rings were exposed to recombinant murine endostatin (Spodoptera frugipera; Calbiochem, San Diego, CA) or recombinant human endostatin (Pichia pastoris; EntreMed, Rockville, MD). After 5 days, murine endostatin (500 microgram/ml) demonstrated inhibition of microvessel outgrowth with dose-dependent effects (down to 16 microgram/ml). No significant inhibition was observed with human endostatin in the rat assay. Human endostatin at 250 and 500 microgram/ml inhibited outgrowths from human saphenous vein rings after a 14-day incubation. Electron microscopy assessed the formation of basal lamina, confirming that the microvessels were progenitors of patent vessels. Immunostaining for Factor VIII or CD34 demonstrated that the microvessel cells were endothelial. BrdU incorporation assays supported the presence of proliferating endothelial cells, correlating with neovascularization from the aortic wall. We conclude that the rat aortic ring assay confirms the antiangiogenic activity of murine but not human endostatin, suggesting that the model may have species specificity. However, the human form shows biological activity against human vascular tissue.