共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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雌雄异株葡萄的性别鉴定研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过扫描电镜观察花粉的形态;分析叶片超氧化物歧化酶同工酶(SOD);RAPD分析基因组DNA多态性,来鉴别葡萄的性别。结果表明:葡萄雌雄株的花粉形态存在着较大的差异;在本实验条件下葡萄雌雄株叶片SOD同工酶谱带一致;一些引物的RAPD产物间存在着多态性,在葡萄雌雄株的基因组DNA序列中存在着碱基排列顺序的差异。实验指出,花粉形态和基因组DNA的多态性分析是进行性别鉴定的有效方法。 相似文献
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雌雄异株植物中不同性别的植株所产生的经济效应和生态效应存在一定的差异,在生产实践中,选取适宜性别的植株进行栽培有助于提高效率,避免不必要的浪费。然而,性别鉴定的常用方法大多是根据表型、代谢产物含量及活性等方面的差异,在成株阶段进行的,鉴定结果的可靠性和准确性都有一定的局限。近几年,DNA分子标记技术应用于雌雄异株植物的性别鉴定研究中,获得了快速准确的鉴定结果。在比较常用性别鉴定方法的基础上,主要就常用DNA分子标记在雌雄异株植物性别鉴定中的研究进展做一概述并对该领域的研究提出展望。 相似文献
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植物中雌雄性别分化是一种进化的性状。雌雄异株在多个开花植物谱系中独立演化, 但各个支系的性染色体状态、性别决定区域与性别决定基因不尽相同。多样的植物性染色体和性别决定系统为研究植物性别相关基因的形成机制、性别决定区域和性染色体进化提供了极好的机会。随着测序技术的进步和分析方法的提高, 近年来越来越多物种性别决定的相关分子机制得到解析, 并将理论成果应用于提升经济效益与城市环境等实际问题中。本文将从目前的研究现状和方法, 性别决定单、双基因模型的建立, 植物性染色体进化过程等方面进行总结, 对未来植物性别决定的研究提出四点建议: (1)研究方向逐步从基因研究扩展到调控途径研究; (2)从单一物种转向相关科属比较研究; (3)改进现有性别决定基因模型或探索新模型和性别模式物种; (4)加强性别鉴定技术在实际生产中的研发工作。同时探讨性别决定理论研究未来在农业生产、园艺绿化种植中幼苗性别鉴别筛选等方面的应用前景。 相似文献
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盛文涛 《基因组学与应用生物学》2020,39(6):2728-2735
芦笋(Asparagus officinalis L.)作为典型的雌雄异株植物,受严格的遗传控制,其雌雄性别符合1∶1的分离比例.芦笋性别具有丰富的多样性,包括雌株、雄株、两性株、超雄株等,研究其性别决定及其分化对解析其机制具有重要意义.前期研究发现,芦笋性别由位于第5染色体上的单个基因(M-m)控制,并在其性别决定区... 相似文献
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雌雄异株植物是植物性别决定机制及演化的重要研究材料,通过分子生物学技术分离性别决定的相关基因是揭示雌雄异株植物性别决定的关键问题之一。近10年来已经分离到了多个性染色体连锁的基因DD44X/Y、SLX/Y3、SLX/Y4、MROS3、SLZPT2-1、SLZPT4-1。尽管这些基因都存在于性染色体上,但是对其功能分析发现这些基因并不是性别决定的关键基因,而是性别决定控制系统中的成员之一。另外MADS-box基因也和性别特征器官的建成有关。本文对这些基因的结构及在性别决定中的功能研究进行综述和分析,并对可能的新的研究方向进行评价。 相似文献
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鸟类的性别决定是一个多基因参与的级联调控过程。这一过程受Z染色体连锁的DMRT1基因, W染色体连锁的PKC1W和其它多种因子共同调控。本文综述了性别决定基因及其功能、性别鉴定方法等方面的研究进展。Abstract: Avian sex determination is a multiple gene regulation cascade. Genes such as the Z chromosome-linked DMRT1 gene, W chromosome-linked PKCIW gene and other factors have been demonstrated to be involved in this process. In this paper, we review the recent progress in this field. The investigation of functions of sex determinate genes and methods of sexing birds are discussed here. 相似文献
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PCR技术在性别鉴定及性别控制应用中的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
PCR技术是一项发展迅猛的生物技术,因具有快速、灵敏、简便及特异性强等特点而被广泛应用于性别鉴定及其它许多相关研究领域。应用于性别鉴定的PCR方法从简单PCR法、双重或多重PCR法、巢式PCR法发展到改进的两温度梯度PCR法;而不同性别间除了呈现有或无关系(类似于Sry 基因)的基因序列外,也检测到了很多类似于锌指蛋白和牙釉蛋白的呈现不同性别特征的基因序列,这为性别鉴定引物的设计和PCR法进行性别鉴定提供了另一种全新的思路,即如果根据这种性别多态性DNA序列特点设计引物,采用两温度梯度PCR扩增技术进行PCR性别鉴定,则可望简化鉴定程序、降低检测时间、提高鉴定效率,使PCR性别控制技术更加成熟和实用化。随着研究的深入,PCR技术在性别鉴定及控制的应用中必将日益成熟,并推动此项技术在其它相关领域中的研究和应用取得更大的进展。 相似文献
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Abstract: Sex chromosomes have been reported in several dioecious plants. The most general system of sex determination with sex chromosomes is the XY system, in which males are the heterogametic sex and females are homogametic. Genetic systems in sex determination are divided into two classes including an X chromosome counting system and an active Y chromosome system. Dioecious plants have unisexual flowers, which have stamens or pistils. The development of unisexual flowers is caused by the suppression of opposite sex primordia. The expression of floral organ identity genes is different between male and female flower primordia. However, these floral organ identity genes show no evidence of sex chromosome linkage. The Y chromosome of Rumex acetosa contains Y chromosome-specific repetitive sequences, whereas the Y chromosome of Silene latifolia has not accumulated chromosome-specific repetitive sequences. The different degree of Y chromosome degeneration may reflect on evolutionary time since the origination of dioecy. The Y chromosome of S. latifolia functions in suppression of female development and initiation and completion of anther development. Analyses of mutants suggested that female suppressor and stamen promoter genes are localized on the Y chromosome. Recently, some sex chromosome-linked genes were isolated from flower buds of S. latifolia. 相似文献
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为探讨不同发育阶段林分下的雌雄异株植物与性别相关的性比格局和空间分布, 以5.2 ha的中龄林和1.0 ha的老龄林固定监测样地内簇毛槭(Acer barbinerve)雌、雄植株的定位观测数据为基础, 对比分析了长白山不同林龄的阔叶红松林中的已花簇毛槭的性比格局、空间分布及其与环境因子间的关系。研究结果表明: 中龄林和老龄林中雌树的胸径均显著大于雄树, 总体上性比极显著偏离1:1。随着树木的生长, 性比由偏雄性转变为不再偏离1:1, 这可能是因为雄树始花胸径较小所致。O-ring单变量点格局分析显示中龄林样地中的雌树和雄树符合异质性泊松分布, 老龄林样地中的雌树和雄树均完全随机分布。O-ring双变量点格局分析显示, 在随机标签假设下, 中龄林中的雌树和雄树在1-4 m尺度上空间负相关, 在4-100 m尺度上空间独立, 老龄林中的雌树和雄树在所有尺度上空间独立。簇毛槭在中龄林和老龄林中不同的空间分布格局说明中龄林中簇毛槭分布的斑块性相对明显, 随着林分的发育, 郁闭度较高的老龄林样地中环境异质性降低, 环境因子对簇毛槭分布的影响减弱。典范冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA)表明在中龄林中, 林分密度只能解释3.73%的雌树分布的变异, 与雄树分布的相关性不显著, 叶面积指数和非生物因子对雌树和雄树的影响均较弱; 老龄林中簇毛槭的分布与生物因子和非生物因子的相关性均不显著。 相似文献
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雌雄异株植物种群性比偏倚和性别间功能性状的差异可能对种群维持产生不利影响,目前的研究很少关注雌雄异株濒危植物的性别差异.本文调查了四川小寨子沟国家级自然保护区内天然连香树种群性比并比较其雌雄株之间的形态、光合能力、水分和养分利用效率差异.结果发现,连香树种群性比显著偏雌(F/M=1.97;x^2 =4.46,P=0.035),雌株的胸径、冠幅、最大光合速率、表观量子效率、最大羧化效率、比叶面积、叶氮含量及水分、氮和磷利用效率分别比雄株高44.50%、27.94%、20.11%、50%、21.14%、14.32%、14.86%、158.7%、19.74%和28.03%,而其气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率和光补偿点分别低20.83%、24.61%、56.11%和44.44%,表明该地连香树种群存在性别偏倚且性别间已呈现出性别二态性,这可能是其濒危的重要原因,建议在探讨其濒危机制中应该考虑性别的因素. 相似文献
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Intersex inflorescences of Rumex acetosa demonstrate that sex determination is unique to each flower
* A triploid intersex individual of the normally dioecious species Rumex acetosa showed extreme variability in gynoecium development. Analysis of the development and distribution of these flowers on inflorescences enabled insight to be gained into the mechanism of sex determination. * Floral phenotypes on intersex inflorescences were classified according to gynoecium development. Flower morphology was investigated by scanning electron and light microscopy. Organ identity gene expression in intersex floral primordia was assessed using in situ hybridization. * The distribution of the different floral phenotypes shows that each individual flower is determined separately, and that the phenotype of each flower is not influenced by its position on the inflorescence, or by the phenotype of neighbouring flowers. C-function gene expression persisted in gynoecia that had ceased development. * Gynoecium development in mutant flowers resembled the phenotype of the Arabidopsis mutant ettin and suggests that a hormone gradient may be involved. C-function expression does not appear to control the extent of female development, and indicates that genes which are downstream of the organ-identity genes must control organ suppression. 相似文献
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以雌雄异株树种鼠李为模式物种,分别从树枝、植株和种群水平上分析了雌雄异株树种鼠李的生殖分配过程,检验了营养生长与生殖过程之间的平衡。结果表明:树枝水平,鼠李年生殖生物量(花生物量+果生物量)投资具有显著的性别差异和个体差异(P<0.001)。雌花生物量大于雄花生物量,雌花生物量最大值为雄花生物量最大值的1.75倍。雌树和雄树的叶片生物量差异不显著(P>0.05)。植株水平上,鼠李生殖生物量(花生物量+果生物量)投资具有显著的性别差异和个体差异(P<0.001),雌树与雄树的花生物量和茎干径向增量差异显著(P<0.05),叶片生物量差异不显著(P>0.05)。鼠李胸径大小对花生物量、叶生物量和茎干径向增量影响显著(P<0.05)。鼠李雌树的花生物量和茎干径向增量均大于雄树。种群水平上,鼠李雄树始花期略早于雌树,2010年雌树和雄树分别于5月28日和5月25日始花。在360 m × 660 m研究样地内种群性比为0.17,卡方检验表明种群性比显著偏离1∶1(P<0.001)。雌树和雄树年平均生长量分别为0.78 mm和0.83 mm。因此,在树枝水平、植株水平以及种群水平上,雌雄异株树种鼠李的营养生长和生殖生长不存在平衡关系。推断鼠李雌树能够通过光合过程获得更多生物量来满足其生殖和营养生长过程需要。 相似文献
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The costs of sex in seaweeds 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P. VERNET J. L. HARPER 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1980,13(2):129-138
The brown seaweeds (Fucales) include dioecious and hermaphrodite species and genera with one, two, tour or eight eggs per oogonium. The costs of gamete production, measured as biomass, are very small. Eggs represent only 0.1–0.4% of body weight. Females of dioecious species do not produce more eggs per gramme of tissue than hermaphrodites. Hermaphrodites occupy upper shore zones and dioecious species the biotically richer submerged zones. Neither egg size nor number correlate with habitat or sexuality. Some of these observations are hard to reconcile with theoretical concepts of the costs of sex. 相似文献
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Sex-linked molecular markers have become valuable tools for understanding sex ratio evolution and sex-specific physiology in pre-reproductive plants. To develop new accurate methods for sexing Distichlis spicata juveniles and nonflowering individuals, we converted a random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction marker that co-segregated with the female phenotype into a set of sequence-tagged site markers. We tested the marker pair on known males and females from populations in Oregon and California. A single band was obtained for all female samples but never for males. 相似文献
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Delph LF Steven JC Anderson IA Herlihy CR Brodie ED 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2011,65(10):2872-2880
Genetic correlations between the sexes can constrain the evolution of sexual dimorphism and be difficult to alter, because traits common to both sexes share the same genetic underpinnings. We tested whether artificial correlational selection favoring specific combinations of male and female traits within families could change the strength of a very high between-sex genetic correlation for flower size in the dioecious plant Silene latifolia. This novel selection dramatically reduced the correlation in two of three selection lines in fewer than five generations. Subsequent selection only on females in a line characterized by a lower between-sex genetic correlation led to a significantly lower correlated response in males, confirming the potential evolutionary impact of the reduced correlation. Although between-sex genetic correlations can potentially constrain the evolution of sexual dimorphism, our findings reveal that these constraints come not from a simple conflict between an inflexible genetic architecture and a pattern of selection working in opposition to it, but rather a complex relationship between a changeable correlation and a form of selection that promotes it. In other words, the form of selection on males and females that leads to sexual dimorphism may also promote the genetic phenomenon that limits sexual dimorphism. 相似文献