中国悬钩子属植物的利用价值概述

主要报道中国悬钩子属植物作为果树种质资源和药用植物的利用价值及果实色素和香味成分的利用潜力。经过十余年的调查１引种栽培和观测评价,发现一些种类可以作为野生小果类果树直接利用,其中２３种４变种是悬钩子类果树选育种的优良种质。据文献记载和民间调查发现。４５种４变种悬钩子植物可以作为中草药治疗多种疾病。对灰白毛莓、高梁泡、蓬、掌叶复盆子和黑莓果实色素的研究结果表明：悬钩子果实色素以醇提法为佳,水提法效果     

云南9种悬钩子属植物果实品质比较与综合评价

目的：对云南9种野生悬钩子果实品质进行初步测定与分析，筛选出果实品质较好的悬钩子种质。方法：以云南省9种野生悬钩子属植物果实为材料，测定果实的横径、纵径、果形、果色和8种营养成分等指标，并运用多重比较、主成分分析和隶属函数等方法，对野生悬钩子果实品质进行综合评价。结果：不同悬钩子果实表型和营养成分存在显著差异；主成分分析将果实表型和营养成分指标简化为四个主成分，可解释所有变量原始信息的85.643%；采用隶属函数法确定权重，结合主成分分析，构建了悬钩子果实品质综合评分模型，并对9种悬钩子果实品质进行综合评价，得分排序为：光滑悬钩子>红泡刺藤>桔红悬钩子>大乌泡>高粱泡>插田泡>掌叶悬钩子>栽秧泡>红毛悬钩子。研究筛选出两份果实品质相对较好的种质资源，分别为光滑悬钩子和红泡刺藤。结论：光滑悬钩子的果实纵、横径和果重最大，蛋白质、氨基酸和有机酸含量较低，总黄酮含量最高；红泡刺藤果实横径和果重较大，总糖、花色苷、总酚含量极显著高于其他所有悬钩子，总黄酮含量较高且有机酸含量较低。在今后的驯化栽培时，可优先选择光滑悬钩子和红泡刺藤。     

黄果悬钩子资源开发利用研究

蔷薇科悬钩子属植物在国外作为一种重要的浆果类果树已具有悠久的栽培历史。我国悬钩子属植物虽种类繁多、资源丰富,但绝大部分目前仍处于野生状态。选择和保护其中一些优良的种类和类型加以开发利用,可以为我国人民提供一种高营养、高抗性的新型果品,并且对我国“第三代果树”的开发利用具有直接地促进作用。黄果悬钩子(Rubus xanthocarpus Eureau et Franch)是悬钩子属中一种珍贵的草本性野生果树。     

秦巴山区山莓资源及其研究

山莓(Rubus corchorifolius L. f.)是蔷薇科悬钩子属、空心莓亚属中一种落叶小灌木,广泛分布于我国南北各地。悬钩子属植物在欧美各国栽培已久,并已选育出许多栽培类型进行推广;在我国除东北哈尔滨一带有零星栽植以外其他地区仍以野生为主,系统的研究和开发利用尚未进行,资源流失、破坏的现象仍十分严重。秦巴山区是我国悬钩子属植物的集中分布区之一,从甘肃文县到湖北郧西、竹溪都有山     

植物激素对空心泡叶片不定芽形成的影响

空心泡是蔷薇科悬钩子属植物,属小果类果树,其聚合果肉质多浆,芳香,果味酸甜。空心泡目前尚处于野生状态,是一种很有利用前景的植物。有关悬钩子属植物组织培养已有许多报道,所有这些工作都     

我国野生悬钩子资源及其开发利用

悬钩子属植物(Rubus sp.)在国外特别是欧美已作为大宗水果(树莓)具有悠久的栽培历史。我国东北地区也有零星栽培,但栽培品种均引自于国外,而极少利用当地的野生种类。我国野生悬钩子种类繁多,资源极其丰富,其中有很多种类可直接引种家养作为栽培果树,为人们提供高营养、高抗性、无污染的“第三代水果”,也有不少种类可以作为树莓育种的优良性状的种质来源和现有品种的抗性、矮化砧木等,改良现有品种组合。因此开发利用我国的野生悬钩子资源具有重要意义。     

江西悬钩子属的分类和地理分布

通过野外调查和查阅大量标本和文献,对江西悬钩子属植物的分类和地理分布进行了较为系统的研究。江西境内共有悬钩子属植物43种7变种2变型,其中红花悬钩子Rubus inopertus(Diels)Focke,大红泡R.eustephanus Focke ex Diels,深裂锈毛莓R.reflexus Ker var.lanceolobus Metc为江西新分布。编制了检索表,并讨论了江西悬钩子属植物的地理分布。     

刺萼粉枝莓的组织培养与快速繁殖

1 植物名称 刺萼粉枝莓（Rubus alexeterius Focke）,别名刺萼悬钩子。     

浙江省可食悬钩子的调查研究

悬钩子系蔷薇科悬钩子属(Rubus L.)植物的总称,我国共有194种,全国各地均有分布,但主要分布在西南地区。悬钩子属中有许多种类的聚合果肉质多浆,芳香,果味酸甜,含有丰富的蛋白质、糖、有机酸和维生素等营养物质,可供生食,亦可加工成果酱、果酒、果汁和蜜饯等。悬钩子在欧美已长期栽培,作为重要的水果。但是,我国的悬钩子除东北有极少种类的零星栽培外,其它地区均处于野生状态,我国有关可食悬钩子的种类、果实成分及其主要经济性状等也未见研究报道。随着生活水平的不断提高,人们不仅要求水果要数量     

秦岭黄果悬钩子野生种质资源与引种试验研究

对黄果悬钩子在秦岭山区的分布、习性、果实经济性状、营养成分、产量构成以及引种栽培条件下的物候期、根系特征、发枝习性,繁殖特点等内容的研究结果表明,黄果悬钧子植株矮小,具有较耐旱的根系组成特点;果大,质优、风味好,营养丰富;适应性较强,容易繁殖,是一种优良的栽培树萄果树引种驯化,矮化育种野生种质资源。     

Redberry mite, Acalitus essigi (Hassan) (Acari: Eriophyidae), an additional biological control agent for Rubus species (blackberry) (Rosaceae) in Australia

Abstract  Acalitus essigi , the eriophyoid mite that causes red berry disease in Rubus species (Rosaceae), was collected from the fruits of three species of weedy blackberry, R. anglocandicans , R. laudatus and R. ulmifolius , in south-west Australia. This is the first record for this species in Western Australia and these plants appear to be new host records for A. essigi , which causes uneven ripening of fruit. Information on the mite is reviewed in the context of determining its potential as a biological control agent for Rubus species, especially those that are not susceptible to Phragmidium violaceum (Uredinales), the rust fungus being released against species of European blackberry in Australia. Published records also show that A. essigi will attack a wide range of Rubus species including species of North American origin that currently escape biological control in Australia. It may also be useful for preventing the spread of commercial varieties of Rubus (e.g. raspberry and loganberry) that have escaped to become weedy. However, the mite may have limited dispersal ability and thus require redistribution.     

Phylogeny of Rubus (rosaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region sequences

We used nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS 1 - 5.8S - ITS 2; ITS) sequences to generate the first phylogeny of Rubus based on a large, molecular data set. We sampled 57 taxa including 20 species of subgenus Rubus (blackberries), one to seven species from each of the remaining 11 subgenera, and the monotypic and closely related Dalibarda. In Rubus, ITS sequences are most informative among subgenera, and variability is low between closely related species. Parsimony analysis indicates that Rubus plus Dalibarda form a strongly supported clade, and D. repens may nest within Rubus. Of the subgenera with more than one species sampled, only subgenus Orobatus appears monophyletic. Three large clades are strongly supported: one contains all sampled species of nine of the 12 subgenera; another includes extreme Southern Hemisphere species of subgenera Comaropsis, Dalibarda, and Lampobatus; and a third clade consists of subgenus Rubus plus R. alpinus of subgenus Lampobatus. Rubus ursinus appears to be a hybrid between a close relative of R. macraei (subgenus Idaeobatus, raspberries) and an unidentified subgenus Rubus species. ITS sequences are generally consistent with biogeography and ploidy, but traditionally important morphological characters, such as stem armature and leaf type, appear to have limited phylogenetic value in Rubus.     

悬钩子属植物的RAPD分析

用RAPD标记技术对13个黑莓（blackberry）、树莓（raspberry）品种和5个野生悬钩子种类（Rubus spp．）的26个居群的遗传多样性进行了分析。用15个寡聚核苷酸随机引物共扩增出条带131条,其中多态性条带118条,占扩增条带总数的90％,表明悬钩子属植物种间和品种间存在丰富的遗传多样性。通过聚类分析可将供试的26个居群分为4组,其中A组有粗叶悬钩子（R．alceaefolius Poir．）、山莓（R．corchorifolius L．）、插田泡（R．coreanus Miq．）、掌叶覆盆子（R．chingii Hu）、‘威廉姆特’、‘托拉咪’、‘泰勒’、‘金克维’、‘布里斯托’、‘宝森’7号、‘布莱兹’及其实生苗、‘基奥瓦’、‘萨尼’、‘黑布特’等15个居群;B组包括‘宝森’1号～‘宝森’6号和‘马林’、‘乔克多’等8个居群;C组包括‘赫尔’和‘切斯特’的2个居群;D组仅有蓬藁（R．hirsutus Thunb．）1种。这一聚类结果与传统形态学分类结果基本吻合。     

多胞锈菌属（锈菌目，多胞锈菌科）3新种和两中国新记录

报道了多胞锈菌属Phragmidium(多胞锈菌科Phragmidiaceae)的3个新种和两中国新记录。新种是采自香莓Rubus pungens var. oldhamii上的多隔多胞锈菌P.multiseptatum、采自峨眉蔷薇Rosa omeiensis上的粗壮多胞锈菌P. robustum以及采自华中悬钩子Rubus cockburnianus上的西藏多胞锈菌P. tibeticum。中国新记录是二花悬钩子Rubus biflorus和掌叶悬钩子R. pentagonus上的八室多胞锈菌P. octoloculare以及秀丽悬钩子Rubus amabilis、香莓R.pungens var.oldhamii、柔毛针刺悬钩子R.pungens var. villosus和西藏悬钩子R. thibetanus上的香莓多胞锈菌P. rubi-oldhami。     

Rubus vestervicensis (Rosaceae) — its hybrid origin revealed by DNA fingerprinting

Kraft, T., Nybom, H. & Werlemark, G. 199.5. Rubus vestervicensis (Rosaceae) — its hybrid origin revealed by DNA fingerprinting. — Nord. 3. Bot. 1.5: 237–242. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107-055X.
The large number of species in Rubus subgenus Rubus are thought to have arisen, at least in part, through hybridiation between facultatively apomictic species. R. vestervicensis is known only from a small island off the Swedish east coast. It has been suggested that it is a hybrid between R. grabowskii and R. pedemontanus . We have compared these species with DNA fingerprinting and our results support the hybridization hypothesis. All bands found in the fingerprint of R. grabowskii and about half of the bands found in R. pedemontanus were present in R. vestervicensis , suggesting that the latter species was derived from fertilization of an unreduced R. grabowskii egg cell with R. pedemontanus pollen.     

Separation of three Rubus-feeding species of aphid — Sitobion fragariae (Wlk.), Macrosiphum funestum (Macch.) and Amphorophora rubi (Kalt.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) — by electrophoresis

Four species of aphid infest wild and cultivated blackberry (Rubus fruticosus agg., R. lachiatus, etc) and other Rubus species in Britain and Continental Europe, - Sitobion fragariae (Walker), Macrosiphum funestum (Macchiati), Amphorophora rubi (Kaltenbach) and Aphis ruborurn (Bösrner). The nymphs, especially the early instars, of the first three species are fairly difficult to differentiate morphologically. However, they can clearly be separated using electrophoresis. The present paper describes diagnostic enzyme/isoenzyme banding patterns which allow differentiation of the first three species as apterous and alate adults and their instars using two enzymes - carboxylesterase (EST) and phosphatase (PHOS).     

Three new species of Rubus from Spain

Three new species of Rubus subgenus Rubus series Pallidi from Spain are described, mapped and illustrated: R. Cyclops, R. castroviejoi and R. urbionicus.     

Comparative Ecology of Rubus Species (Rosaceae) I. Ecological Distribution and Life History Characteristics of Three Species, R. palmatus var. coptophyllus, R. microphyllus and R. crataegifolius

Abstract The ecological distribution and life history characteristics of three Rubus species, i.e., R. palmatus Thunb. var. coptophyllus (A. Gray) O. Kuntze, R. microphyllus L.f. and R. crataegifolius Bunge were investigated, with particular emphasis on the seasonal growth cycles, modes of the alternation of aerial organs, and patterns of dry matter allocation, and these features were critically compared with one another. It was found that seasonal changes of aboveground biomass are strongly related to the modes of cane alternation, to underground branching producing stolons, and to their dry matter allocation patterns. The modes of cane alternation, underground branching and dry matter allocation patterns were very similar in R. microphyllus and R. crataegifolius , taking about five months from May to September. But R. palmatus var. coptophyllus showed much more gradual replacement of aerial organs, extending over seven months from May to December. These three Rubus species are often predominant in the early successional stages of pioneer communities which develop after cutting of forests in central Japan, and differentiations of the above-mentioned life history traits found in Rubus species seem to be related to the constraints inherent in their somewhat labile, changing environments, e.g., at the forest margin or clearings produced temporarily.     

Evidence of sexuality in European Rubus (Rosaceae) species based on AFLP and allozyme analysis

Reproduction of polyploid Rubus species is described as facultatively apomictic. Pollination is needed for seed set, but most seedlings are produced asexually by pseudogamy. Although sexual processes may occur, clonal diversity can be extremely low. We performed a pollination experiment to investigate the breeding system and used allozyme and AFLP markers to analyze genetic variation among and within seed families in R. armeniacus and R. bifrons. Pollination either with self or outcross pollen was necessary to trigger seed set. Outbreeding marginally increased the number and quality of seeds compared with selfing. The enzyme PGI revealed some genetic variation within seed families. Seven other enzyme systems were monomorphic. The more detailed AFLP analyses with five primer pairs detected the same rate of genetic variation (14-17% of seedlings were genetically distinct) and confirmed the allozyme results for the same individuals. No genetic variation was found between the seed families from within a species collected in widely separated populations, but clear species-specific differences were observed. The results support the view that polyploid Rubus species are pseudogamous apomicts with low genetic diversity among and within seed families. However, sexual reproduction occasionally occurs and contributes to the maintenance of genetic variation within natural populations.