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1.
研究了甜樱桃品种"那翁" ( Prunus avium L. cv. Napoleon)在1 ℃的高O2 浓度气调(CA-I: 70% O2+0% CO2)、高CO2 浓度气调 (CA-II: 5% O2+10% CO2)、自发气调 (modified atmosphere package, MAP) 和普通冷藏条件下果实生理、品质、耐藏性的变化.结果表明:与其他处理相比,高O2 浓度的气调可以抑制果实腐烂、减少果肉中乙醇含量,但果实的丙二醛(MDA)含量迅速上升、褐变严重.高CO2浓度的气调能有效抑制MDA含量上升的速率和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,保持果实硬度和维生素C含量,减少果实腐烂和褐变,延长贮藏寿命.不同处理对果实可溶性固形物含量的影响不大."那翁" 甜樱桃在5% O2+10% CO2气调中贮藏80 d能保持果实固有的风味品质.在MAP下, 70% O2+0% CO2和普通冷藏中的适宜贮藏期分别为40 d、20 d和30 d.  相似文献   

2.
O2和CO2配比对气调贮藏梨采后褐变及相关理化因子的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以采后'丰水'梨果实为材料,在乐扣气调试验箱中研究了O2和CO2配比对果实褐变率、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)和总酚含量的影响,以探讨适宜减轻梨气藏褐变的气体成份.结果表明:在整个贮藏过程(150 d)中,'丰水'梨果肉未发生褐变.从贮藏60 d开始,气调处理和冷藏对照果实的果皮均出现褐变,气调处理在贮藏120 d之前对果皮褐变的影响不显著,而在贮藏120~150 d内可显著减轻果皮的褐变、抑制果皮PPO和POD活性及降低总酚含量.与冷藏对照相比,气调处理可推迟果心褐变的时间,且(8%~10%)O2+3% CO2处理可完全抑制果心的褐变;气调处理亦可降低果心PPO活性、减少总酚及MDA含量;(8%~10%)O2+1% CO2处理能够显著提高果心的POD活性,而(8%~10%)O2+3% CO2处理对果实POD活性的影响不显著.可见,气调贮藏主要是通过降低'丰水'梨果皮PPO、POD活性及总酚含量来减轻组织的褐变,并以(8%~10%)O2+3% CO2处理对果实褐变因子的控制效果较理想.  相似文献   

3.
温度和气体成分对冬枣果实贮藏期间品质的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
主要探讨冬枣(Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv Dongzao)在-1 C的动态气调(CA-Ⅰ, 70% O2 0% CO2处理7天,然后转入5% O2 0% CO2中)、普通气调(CA-II, 5% O2 0% CO2;CA-III, 10% O2 0% CO2)及普通冷藏和常温(25C)等条件下,果实发病率、色素、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、乙醇和乙酸乙酯含量等的变化。结果表明:与普通冷藏相比,气调贮藏能减缓果实的腐烂,抑制色素的分解和减少果肉中乙醇、乙酸乙酯的含量。动态高氧处理能有效地保持果实的颜色,抑制色素降解及果皮褐变。CA-Ⅲ (10% O2 0% CO2)能有效地减少果肉乙醇的含量而CA-Ⅱ(5% O2 0% CO2)能有效地减少果肉乙酸乙酯的含量。气调贮藏的果实可滴定酸及可溶性固形物含量与其他处理的果实没有明显的差异。  相似文献   

4.
O2和CO2配比对低温贮藏李品质及生理变化的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了探索适宜‘黑宝石’李贮藏的气体参数,研究了不同气体成分(6.0%O2+5.0%CO2、6.0%O2+1.0%CO2、10.0%O2+5.0%CO2和10.0%O2+1.0%CO2)处理对贮藏及货架期‘黑宝石’李采后品质(硬度、总糖、可滴定酸和腐烂指数)、抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性及MDA含量的影响。结果显示:(1)在贮藏0~45 d期间,冷藏对照果实的腐烂指数在8%以下,其货架果实的硬度仍可下降;贮藏至75 d时,冷藏对照果实的腐烂指数达38%,而且其果实失去了软化能力。(2)气调处理可减缓低温贮藏李果实硬度的下降,降低果实的腐烂指数,维持货架果实的后熟能力,但6.0%O2+1.0%CO2处理对果实腐烂指数的影响不显著。(3)气调处理可提高低温贮藏李果实的SOD、POD和CAT活性,抑制这3种酶在货架模拟过程中的升高,且可降低低温贮藏及货架期果实的MDA含量。(4)气调贮藏中以6.0%O2+5.0%CO2处理的效果最佳,果实的贮藏期可达75 d。研究说明,常规冷藏(0~1.5℃)可满足‘黑宝石’李果实采后短期贮藏(<45 d)的需要,而适宜的气调贮藏可使其贮藏期限延长30 d左右。  相似文献   

5.
枇杷果实采后在高O2(O2>90%)环境中冷藏时,果实呼吸速率和多酚氧化酶活性受到明显抑制,可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量下降较慢。贮藏35d后的果实仍甜酸适宜,风味较好,果心褐变程度较轻。  相似文献   

6.
主要探讨冬枣(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv Dongzao)在-1℃的动态气调(CA-Ⅰ,70%O2 0%CO2处理7天,然后转入5%O2 0%CO2中)、普通气调(CA-Ⅱ,5%O2 0%CO2;CA-Ⅲ,10%O2 0%CO2)及普通冷藏和常温(25℃)等条件下,果实发病率、色素、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、乙醇和乙酸乙酯含量等的变化.结果表明:与普通冷藏相比,气调贮藏能减缓果实的腐烂,抑制色素的分解和减少果肉中乙醇、乙酸乙酯的含量.动态高氧处理能有效地保持果实的颜色,抑制色素降解及果皮褐变.CA-Ⅲ(10%O2 0%CO2)能有效地减少果肉乙醇的含量而CA-Ⅱ(5%O2 0%CO2)能有效地减少果肉乙酸乙酯的含量.气调贮藏的果实可滴定酸及可溶性固形物含量与其他处理的果实没有明显的差异.  相似文献   

7.
纯氧对荔枝果实贮藏期间果皮褐变和细胞超微结构的影响   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
研究了纯氧对荔枝果皮褐变和细胞超微结构的影响。结果表明,100%O2显著抑制了荔枝果皮褐变,在100%O2下贮藏6d的荔枝果实,中果皮细胞的细胞器和膜系统的完整性保持较好,而细胞膜透性较低,因此,认为高氧抑制荔枝果皮褐变与其维持细胞膜的完整性相联系。  相似文献   

8.
分别对‘南果梨’果实采用0.75μL/L 1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)在20℃熏蒸20h后装入保鲜袋(0.02mm)、用2%CO2充气果实包装袋(0.04mm)、以保鲜袋果实为对照,各处理组果实均置于(0±1)℃贮藏5个月后移至室温下(18℃±3℃),测定各处理果实在货架期间的褐变度以及果实线粒体蛋白含量、MDA含量、ATP含量,以明确1-MCP和CO2对南果梨冷藏后果实货架期的能量代谢特性。结果显示:(1)1-MCP和CO2处理可不同程度延缓南果梨冷藏后货架期果实果心褐变指数和褐变度,且1-MCP处理效果更好,但CO2处理在货架后期反而使果实褐变度较对照提高。(2)1-MCP和CO2处理可有效抑制果实MDA含量增加,延缓细胞膜透性的升高,保持细胞完整性。(3)1-MCP处理有利于提高货架前期果实中线粒体蛋白质含量,能够在货架后期保持较高的ATP含量和能荷水平,而CO2处理在货架前期果实内含有较高水平的ATP,促进了果实内的能荷水平。研究发现,1-MCP和CO2处理均可以通过影响南果梨果实的能量代谢特性从而影响果实的成熟衰老进程,且1-MCP处理可以抑制货架前期的ATP含量和能量供应,有利于保持细胞膜完整性,抑制果心褐变的发生,延缓果实成熟衰老进程;而2%CO2处理与对照相比对果实能量代谢特性的影响不大。  相似文献   

9.
苹果果实贮藏在高变温条件下(10℃开始,以后降至0℃)的空气中,随着乙烯形成酶(EFE)和ACC合成酶活性的增高,果实内乙烯浓度迅速上升,ACC和MACC积累。低温(0℃)抑制乙烯生成,ACC和MACC也有积累,但保持较高的EFE,促进ACC合成酶不断上升。低温气调(CA)(3%CO_2,3%O_2)显著抑制乙烯生成和相应的酶活性。高变温情况下,先提高CO_2浓度至12%,然后,随温度变化CO_2降至6%,形成双变气调。双变气调对乙烯生物合成的抑制作用与CA相同。  相似文献   

10.
田世平 《植物学报》2000,17(2):160-167
本文主要探讨甜橙[(Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.]果实在短期超低氧贮藏条件下,果皮和果汁中乙醇和乙醛等挥发性物质的含量,以及它们在不同贮藏温度和货架存放期间的变化和对果实风味品质的影响。在普通冷藏条件下,随着贮藏期的延长,甜橙果实中挥发性物质的含量虽呈上升趋势,但超低氧贮藏更明显地刺激果实中乙醇和乙醛含量的迅速增加。甜橙果实在0.3% O2的超低氧条件下贮藏30 d,果皮中乙醇的含量为519.8 μg/kg,果汁中达1547.1 μg/kg,比普通冷藏的果实高83倍,乙醛的含量较对照果实高6~7倍。低氧处理对果实可溶性固形物,可滴定酸和pH值的影响不大。甜橙果汁中乙醇含量在1000 μg/kg以下时果实的风味品质仍在正常范围之内。结果表明对甜橙果实进行短期(<20 d)的超低氧处理是可行的。  相似文献   

11.
Growth rates, photosynthetic responses and the activity, amount and CO2 affinity of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) were determined for common marine macroalgae grown in seawater (containing 14.5 ± 2.1 µM CO2) or CO2‐enriched seawater (averaging 52.8 ± 19.2 µM CO2). The algae were grown in 40 L fiberglass tanks (outdoor) for 4–15 weeks and in a field experimental setup for 5 days. Growth rates of the species studied (representing the three major divisions, i.e. Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and Phaeophyta) were generally not significantly affected by the increased CO2 concentrations in the seawater medium. Rubisco characteristics of algae cultivated in CO2‐enriched seawater were similar to those of algae grown in nonenriched seawater. The lack of response of photosynthetic traits in these aquatic plants is likely to be because of the presence of CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) which rely on HCO3 utilization, the inorganic carbon (Ci) form that dominates the total Ci pool available in seawater. Significant changes on the productivity of these particular marine algae species would not be anticipated when facing future increasing atmospheric CO2 levels.  相似文献   

12.
CO_2浓度增高对三裂叶蟛蜞菊光合生理特性的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
刘金祥  李志芳 《广西植物》2005,25(5):477-480,446
在人工控制CO2浓度梯度条件下,测量了喜阴多年生草本植物三裂叶蟛蜞菊1月和3月的光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)和叶面饱和蒸气压亏缺(Vpdl)。结果表明:CO2浓度升高对三裂叶蟛蜞菊的光合生理特性影响较大,当CO2浓度由0升高到1900μmol·mol1的过程中,Pn增加很快,其值在1.53~11.3μmol·m2·s1之间;水分利用率(WUE:光合与蒸腾之比)随CO2浓度的升高也在增大,当CO2浓度为1900μmol·mol1时,1月份的WUE是18.248μmol·mmol1,3月份的只有8.794μmol·mmol1,高水分利用效率与其对干旱的适应性密切相关。  相似文献   

13.
14.
In this paper, the Eu3+–Eu2+ (4%, molar ratio)‐doped xAl2O3–ySiO2 (x = 0–2.5, y = 1–5) and xAl2O3–zMgO (x = 0–1.5, z = 0–3) composites phosphors with different Al2O3 to SiO2 (A/S) and Al2O3 to MgO (A/M) ratios were prepared using a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction under air atmosphere. The effects of the A/S and A/M on luminescence properties, crystal structure, electron spin resonance, and Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage chromaticity coordinates of the samples were systematically analyzed. These results indicated that the different A/S and A/M ratios in the matrix effectively affected the crystal phase, degrees of self‐reduction of Eu3+, and led the relative emission intensity of Eu2+/Eu3+ to change and adjust.  相似文献   

15.
The effects of copper on the prelarvae of the Japanese anchovy, Engraulis japonicus inhabiting the Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan) were examined. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) and maximal ineffective concentrations (LC0) for a 72 hour exposure measured in 2006 and 2007 equaled 8.5 and 0.5 μg/l and 96.3 and 0.7 μg/l respectively. For a 96 hour exposure, LC50 and LC0 equaled 68 and 0.9 μg/l respectively. The ability of copper to exert negative effects on the survival rate of anchovy prelarvae in areas with intensive anthropogenic pollution was shown.  相似文献   

16.
 根呼吸与微生物呼吸的作用底物不同,二者对高浓度CO2的响应机理及敏感程度亦不同。在大气CO2浓度升高的背景下,精确区分根呼吸与微生物呼吸是构建森林生态系统碳循环模型和预测森林生态系统碳源/汇关系所必需的。根(际)呼吸与微生物呼吸对高浓度CO2的响应呈增加、降低或无明显变化等不同趋势,根(际)呼吸变化主要与根生物量明显相关,细根的作用大于粗根;土壤微生物呼吸变化存在较大的不确定性,微生物量和微生物活性与土壤微生物呼吸相关或不相关。根系统对高浓度CO2的响应会潜在地影响微生物的代谢底物,进而影响微生物呼吸强度。凡影响土壤总呼吸的生物与非生物因子都会直接或间接地影响根呼吸与土壤微生物呼吸。  相似文献   

17.
It has been reported that glycogen levels in retina vary with retinal vascularization. However, the electrical activity of isolated retina depends on glucose supply, suggesting that it does not contain energetic reserves. We determined glycogen levels and pyruvate and lactate production under various conditions in isolated retina. Ex vivo retinas from light- and dark-adapted rats showed values of 44 +/- 0.3 and 19.5 +/- 0.4 nmol glucosyl residues/mg protein, respectively. The glycogen content of retinas from light-adapted animals was reduced by 50% when they were transferred to darkness. Glycogen levels were low in retinas incubated in glucose-free media and increased in the presence of glucose. The highest glycogen values were found in media containing 20 mm of glucose. A rapid increase in lactate production was observed in the presence of glucose. Surprisingly, glycogen levels were the lowest and lactate production was also very low in the presence of 30 mm glucose. Our results suggest that glycogen can be used as an immediate accessible energy reserve in retina. We speculate on the possibility that gluconeogenesis may play a protective role by removal of lactic acid.  相似文献   

18.
In this paper, MAl2SixO2x+4:Eu2+/Eu3+ (Eu2+ + Eu3+ = 2%, molar ratio; M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba; x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) phosphors with different SiO2 concentrations (the ratio of SiO2 to MAl2O4 is n%, n = 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, respectively) were prepared by high‐temperature solid‐state reaction under atmospheric air conditions. Their structures and photoluminescent properties were systematically researched. The results indicate that Eu3+ ions have been reduced and Eu2+ ions are obtained in air through the self‐reduction mechanism. The alkaline earth metal ions and doping SiO2 strongly affect the crystalline phase and photoluminescent properties of samples, including microstructures, relative intensity of Eu2+ to Eu3+, location of emission lines/bands. It is interesting and important that the emission color and intensities of europium‐doped various phosphors which consist of aluminosilicate matrices prepared under atmospheric air conditions could be modulated by changing the kinds of alkaline earth metal and the content of SiO2.  相似文献   

19.
C3 photosynthesis is often limited by CO2 diffusivity or stomatal (gs) and mesophyll (gm) conductances. To characterize effects of stomatal closure induced by either high CO2 or abscisic acid (ABA) application on gm, we examined gs and gm in the wild type (Col‐0) and ost1 and slac1‐2 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana grown at 390 or 780 μmol mol?1 CO2. Stomata of these mutants were reported to be insensitive to both high CO2 and ABA. When the ambient CO2 increased instantaneously, gm decreased in all these plants, whereas gs in ost1 and slac1‐2 was unchanged. Therefore, the decrease in gm in response to high CO2 occurred irrespective of the responses of gs. gm was mainly determined by the instantaneous CO2 concentration during the measurement and not markedly by the CO2 concentration during the growth. Exogenous application of ABA to Col‐0 caused the decrease in the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). With the decrease in Ci, gm did not increase but decreased, indicating that the response of gm to CO2 and that to ABA are differently regulated and that ABA content in the leaves plays an important role in the regulation of gm.  相似文献   

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