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1.
灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus(Fallén)是农业生产上的重要害虫之一,尤其是其传毒造成的危害更为严重。本文通过对山东省水稻种植区(包括稻麦轮作区与非轮作区)和小麦种植区灰飞虱田间种群发生量的系统调查、灯诱观测及其带毒率检测等得到如下研究结果:(1)与小麦种植区及水稻种植区非轮作麦田相比,稻麦轮作区麦田灰飞虱虫口密度高,可见稻麦轮作有利于灰飞虱种群发生危害;(2)山东省小麦种植区麦田灰飞虱仅发现携带黑条矮缩病毒,水稻种植区稻麦轮作田灰飞虱种群还检测到携带水稻条纹叶枯病毒;(3)灯诱高峰期灰飞虱带毒率与当地灰飞虱带毒率存在差异,说明有外来种群的迁入;(4)在检测的1 268头灯诱灰飞虱中只有1头体内同时检测到携带黑条矮缩病毒和水稻条纹叶枯病毒,可见灰飞虱可同时携带两种病毒,但概率极低。  相似文献   

2.
正灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus是亚洲地区重要的农业害虫,除以刺吸危害水稻、大麦、小麦、玉米等多种经济作物外,还能传播水稻黑条矮缩病、水稻条纹叶枯病、小麦丛矮病及玉米粗缩病等多种病毒病害,造成作物产量的巨大损失。昆虫体内具有复杂的微生物群落,在昆虫生长发育及繁殖过程中发挥重要的作用,是害虫防治中可开发利用的一类重要资源。为了掌握灰飞虱体内细菌型微生物的资源状况,为后续  相似文献   

3.
飞虱属于同翅目飞虱科,主要为害禾本科植物,其中稻飞虱是水稻上的大害虫,分布很广,常暴发成灾。飞虱科中的有些种类还能传播病毒病,如灰飞虱就是水稻黑条矮缩病和条纹叶枯病的传播媒介。由于不同种的飞虱在外形上常易混淆,即使是同种的雌雄个体在体形颜色上的差别也较大,因此正确识别飞虱的种类在测报与防治上都很重要。 通过田间调查和灯下采集,常见的飞虱主要有以下10种:  相似文献   

4.
根据水稻黑条矮缩病毒(RBSDV)侵染玉米(Zea mays L.)的症状发展过程先后取叶脉做超薄切片,在透射电镜下观察病毒在细胞内的侵染状态,并在取样前用灰飞虱无毒若虫进行饲毒和传毒试验.结果显示RBSDV侵入玉米叶细胞后先出现在细胞壁附近,个别粒子似与胞间连丝相连;细胞质内产生病毒基质,病毒粒子先增殖并分布其周边,后向病毒基质内扩展;当病毒粒子布满病毒基质后在细胞质中出现直径约90nm的管状结构,病毒成串排列在该管状结构中;随后管状结构逐渐消失,最终形成晶格状聚集排列.用灰飞虱无毒若虫在细胞内病毒基质出现和病毒增殖期饲毒的,到成虫时分别有2.93%和7.83%个体传毒率;在细胞内病毒成串分布于管状结构和晶格状聚集排列期饲毒的,到成虫时均不能传毒.  相似文献   

5.
稻病毒病介体昆虫灰稻虱的研究   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13  
灰稻虱是水稻黑条矮缩病和条纹叶枯病的介体昆虫。黑条矮缩病毒在虫体内循回期多数为17—19天,终生带毒,但不经卵传毒。获毒最低温度在8℃以下,在4—5℃不能传毒。 灰稻虱在浙北平原一年发生6代,第1和第3代长翅型成虫大量迁飞,通过麦→早稻→晚稻途径,完成病毒和介体的生活环。病毒的主要感染期,早稻在5月下旬到6月上旬的早栽本田前期,单季晚稻在6月下旬到7月上旬,双季晚稻在7月中旬到8月初的早栽本田前期和秧田期,大、小麦在年内苗期。 在连片种植,选用耐病品种等农业防治的基础上,抓住冬前麦苗期,早栽晚稻本田前期喷药杀灭介体,能基本控制本病害。  相似文献   

6.
2009年以来,稻飞虱(白背飞虱和灰飞虱)的区域性暴发和它们传播的南方水稻黑条矮缩病(SRBSDV)的大面积流行给我国水稻生产造成极大的威胁,而对这种新的毁灭性病毒病却知之甚少。为此,亟需解决稻飞虱区域性迁飞规律、虫毒互作、毒源寻踪等科学问题,通过多学科交叉和宏微观结合及多尺度多途径的综合研究,探索稻飞虱发生与SRBSDV流行的互作机制(虫病地方性消长关系、两者在微观水平上的互作等),明确稻飞虱远距离传毒的行为与生理生化及分子机制(迁飞与病原摄带及传毒的关系),阐释各稻区飞虱与病毒的源库关联机制,揭示稻飞虱与SRBSDV区域性灾变的触发因子与调控机制,为保障国家粮食安全提供科学依据。  相似文献   

7.
浙江武义2009年南方水稻黑条矮缩病的毒源地分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
2009年, 浙江省境内首次出现南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus, SRBSDV), 且仅武义县有发病现象。因为该病毒病是一种虫媒病毒, 且白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)是主要传毒介体, 所以本文通过白背飞虱灯下诱虫情况调查、 迁飞轨迹模拟、 天气学背景分析以及毒源地分析, 阐释了2009年浙江省武义县发现的南方水稻黑条矮缩病的供毒源地分布情况, 以及白背飞虱携毒的传递路径, 并讨论了轨迹模拟中各生物学参数的设定方法, 从而为剖析该病毒的宏观流行规律奠定科学基础。结果显示:(1) 通过对白背飞虱迁入武义的主要虫源地与经鉴定的南方水稻黑条矮缩病发病区域的叠加分析, 明确了浙江武义的可能毒源地分布于两广、 闽南、 赣南四省区境内; (2) 西南低空急流及偏南气流是白背飞虱将我国南方的病毒远距离传送到武义县境内的动力源; (3) 白背飞虱随下沉气流和降雨在武义境内的集中降落是南方水稻黑条矮缩病在当地暴发的触发条件。  相似文献   

8.
根据水稻黑条矮缩病毒(RBSDV)侵染玉米(Zea mays L.)的症状发展过程先后取叶脉做超薄切片,在透射电镜下观察病毒在细胞内的侵染状态,并存取样前用灰飞虱无毒若虫进行饲毒和传毒试验。结果显示RBSDV侵入玉米叶细胞后先出现在细咆壁附近,个别粒子似与胞间连丝相连;细胞质内产生病毒基质,病毒粒子先增殖并分布其周边,后向病毒基质内扩展;当病毒粒子布满病毒基质后在细胞质中出现直径约90nm的管状结构,病毒成串排列在该管状结构中;随后管状结构逐渐消失,最终形成晶格状聚集排列。用灰飞虱无毒若虫在细胞内病毒基质出现和病毒增殖期饲毒的,到成虫时分别有2.93%和7.83%个体传毒率;在细胞内病毒成串分布于管状结构和品格状聚集排列期饲毒的,到成虫时均不能传毒。  相似文献   

9.
通过灰飞虱接种传毒,证明玉米粗缩病毒在玉米中引起粗缩病症,在小麦中引起“绿矮”病症,在水稻中引起黑条矮缩病症。这一方面揭示了小麦“绿矮”病的病原本质,也说明玉米粗缩病毒和水稻黑条矮缩病毒可能不止相近而是同一病毒。在玉米或小麦病株的粗抽提净化液中,可见到三种完整程度不同的病毒质粒:(1)完整的病毒,直径70~75毫微米,A 突起高11毫微米;(2)去除一层蛋白外壳的直径65毫微米的亚病毒质粒,具有B 突起;(3)经胃蛋白酶处理,去除两层外壳蛋白的核心,直径约45毫微米。这种质粒与简单球状病毒类似,很可能是有第三层对胃酶稳定的蛋白外壳。在抽提液中,特别是根部的捕捉液中还有管状碎片,其中完整的病毒质粒排列成行.在小麦或玉米病株超薄切片中,可见到直径66毫微米的病毒质粒分散于原生质中,或与亚病毒质粒共存于病毒质体中,或藏于管状结构中。在灰飞虱唾液腺的超薄切片中,也可见到成堆的或在管状物中排列成行的完整病毒。  相似文献   

10.
通过灰飞虱接种传毒,证明玉米粗缩病毒在玉米中引起粗缩病症,在小麦中引起“绿矮”病症,在水稻中引起黑条矮缩病症。这一方面揭示了小麦“绿矮”病的病原本质,也说明玉米粗缩病毒和水稻黑条矮缩病毒可能不止相近而是同一病毒。在玉米或小麦病株的粗抽提净化液中,可见到三种完整程度不同的病毒质粒:(1)完整的病毒,直径70~75毫微米,A突起高11毫微米;(2)去除一层蛋白外壳的直径65毫微米的亚病毒质粒,具有B突起;(3)经胃蛋白酶处理,去除两层外壳蛋白的核心,直径约45毫微米。这种质粒与简单球状病毒类似,很可能是有第三层对胃酶稳定的蛋白外壳。在抽提液中,特别是根部的抽提液中还有管状碎片,其中完整的病毒质粒排列成行。在小麦或玉米病株超薄切片中,可见到直径66毫微米的病毒质粒分散于原生质中,或与亚病毒质粒共存于病毒质体中,或藏于管状结构中。在灰飞虱唾液腺的超薄切片中,也可见到成堆的或在管状物中排列成行的完整病毒。  相似文献   

11.
Rice black streak dwarf virus (RBSDV) is transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen). Non-vector rice brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), shares the same host rice plants with SBPH in paddy fields. The changes in nutritional composition of rice plants infected by RBSDV and the ecological fitness of BPH feeding on the infected plants were studied under both artificial climate chamber and field conditions. Contents of 16 detected amino acids and soluble sugar in RBSDV infected rice plants were higher than those in the healthy ones. On the diseased plants BPH had significantly higher nymphal survival rates, nymphal duration of the males, weight of the female adults, as well as egg hatchability compared to BPH being fed on healthy plants. However, there was no obvious difference in female nymph duration, longevity and fecundity. Defense enzymes (superoxidase dismutase, SOD and catalase, CAT) and detoxifying enzymes (carboxylesterase, CAE and glutathione S-transferase, GST) in BPH adults fed on diseased plants had markedly higher activities. The results indicate rice plants infected by RBSDV improved the ecological fitness of the brown planthopper, a serious pest but not a transmitter of the RBSDV virus.  相似文献   

12.
Pymetrozine reportedly inhibits feeding of plant sap-sucking insects, such as aphids and brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (St?l)). By using electrical penetration graph (EPG), this study was conducted to investigate any differential effect of pymetrozine on the feeding behaviors of four major rice sap-sucking insect species, 1) N. lugens, 2) white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera (Horváth)), 3) small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen)), and 4) green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler). On pymetrozine-free TN1 rice plants, white-backed planthopper and small brown planthopper showed a significantly less activity in the phloem phases than brown planthopper or green rice leafhopper while green rice leafhopper engaged in relatively more xylem ingestion than brown planthopper, white-backed planthopper, and small brown planthopper. On the plants treated with 100 mg liter(-1) of pymetrozine, all four insect species showed significant increases, in total duration of nonprobing and significant decreases in the activities in phloem tissue, while all species showed similar feeding behavior during the pathway and xylem phases. This study revealed that, regardless of whether the insects on untreated plants spent more time feeding on phloem than xylem (brown planthopper) or more time on xylem than phloem (green rice leafhopper) or similar times on phloem and xylem (white-backed planthopper and small brown planthopper), their feeding behavior was disturbed by pymetrozine and exhibited similar patterns of sharp decline in activity in the phloem tissue and a significant increase the nonprobing.  相似文献   

13.
Replication of RNA viruses in insect cells triggers an antiviral defense that is mediated by RNA interference (RNAi) which generates viral-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). However, it is not known whether an antiviral RNAi response is also induced in insects by reoviruses, whose double-stranded RNA genome replication is thought to occur within core particles. Deep sequencing of small RNAs showed that when the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) was infected by Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) (Reoviridae; Fijivirus), more viral-derived siRNAs accumulated than when the vector insect was infected by Rice stripe virus (RSV), a negative single-stranded RNA virus. RBSDV siRNAs were predominantly 21 and 22 nucleotides long and there were almost equal numbers of positive and negative sense. RBSDV siRNAs were frequently generated from hotspots in the 5′- and 3′-terminal regions of viral genome segments but these hotspots were not associated with any predicted RNA secondary structures. Under laboratory condition, L. striatellus can be infected simultaneously with RBSDV and RSV. Double infection enhanced the accumulation of particular genome segments but not viral coat protein of RBSDV and correlated with an increase in the abundance of siRNAs derived from RBSDV. The results of this study suggest that reovirus replication in its insect vector potentially induces an RNAi-mediated antiviral response.  相似文献   

14.
N6 methylation of adenosine (m6A) was recently discovered to play a role in regulating the life cycle of various viruses by modifying viral and host RNAs. However, different studies on m6A effects on the same or different viruses have revealed contradictory roles for m6A in the viral life cycle. In this study, we sought to define the role of m6A on infection by rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), a double-stranded RNA virus, of its vector small brown planthopper (SBPH). Infection by RBSDV decreased the level of m6A in midgut cells of SBPHs. We then cloned two genes (LsMETTL3 and LsMETTL14) that encode m6A RNA methyltransferase in SBPHs. After interference with expression of the two genes, the titre of RBSDV in the midgut cells of SBPHs increased significantly, suggesting that m6A levels were negatively correlated with virus replication. More importantly, our results revealed that m6A modification might be the epigenetic mechanism that regulates RBSDV replication in its insect vector and maintains a certain virus threshold required for persistent transmission.  相似文献   

15.
稻鸭共作对水稻条纹叶枯病发生规律的影响   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13       下载免费PDF全文
由灰飞虱传毒危害的水稻条纹叶枯病是近年来在我国部分稻作区严重发生的病毒病害.作为稻作生产生态实践模式之一的稻鸭共作技术对稻田病虫草具有显著的控制效应,然而目前还没有关于稻鸭共作对灰飞虱和条纹叶枯病影响的报道.因此,于2004~2005年在南京农业大学东台试验场进行了田间实验,共设计了4个处理,分别为常规稻作区(不养鸭、施药)、稻鸭共作区(养鸭、不施药)和秧田期覆盖防虫网、栽后大田稻鸭共作区(秧田覆盖防虫网、栽后稻田养鸭、不施药)和对照区(不养鸭、不施药).结果表明:稻鸭共作以及秧田期覆盖防虫网、栽后大田稻鸭共作处理对灰飞虱有显著的控制效应,因此也显著降低了两处理在水稻整个生长期间条纹叶枯病的发病率;稻鸭共作处理对条纹叶枯病的综合防效为79.44﹪,略高于常规稻作78.82﹪的防效,而秧田期覆盖防虫网、栽后大田稻鸭共作处理对稻田灰飞虱和条纹叶枯病的防治效果最好,对条纹叶枯病的防效超过94.01﹪.总之,通过以上试验结果可知,稻鸭共作尤其是秧田期覆盖防虫网、栽后稻鸭共作处理为防治条纹叶枯病提供了一条安全高效的生态控制途径.  相似文献   

16.
灰稻虱的饲养和饲毒   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
灰稻虱的饲养 ,虫源可从田间直接捕获繁殖 ,饲料用稻、麦、稗均可 ,但以稗草为最佳。饲毒须用低龄若虫在罹病小麦或水稻上吸毒 3天以上 ,无毒虫饲毒后须经过 1 5天以上的循徊期后才能用于感染接种。所用的带毒病株可直接从田间寻获 ,若需自己制备 ,可将通过了循徊期的带毒灰稻虱接种到麦苗或稻苗 (3~ 5叶期为宜 )上传毒 ,待病苗症状表现后用于饲毒。本文详细介绍了 1~ 3代灰稻虱饲养饲毒的方法和步骤。  相似文献   

17.
Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) and stripe virus (RSV) are the two chronic viral diseases causing great damage to rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in China, and both are transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus Fallén). Quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting field resistance to these two viral diseases were identified using QTL mapping software in a set of reciprocal introgression lines derived from the cross between Lemont and Teqing. A panel of 119 landraces was used for marker confirmation and allele mining. A total of 17 quantitative resistance loci (QRL) for the infection incidences of RBSDV and RSV were discovered and belong to 16 regions on all chromosomes except chromosome 12. Among them, 12 QRL were confirmed by association mapping, and many novel alleles at these loci were mined from the set of landraces. Only one region was found to be responsible for the genetic overlap between the field resistance against RBSDV and RSV, which was reported to be associated with SBPH resistance. The favorable alleles at the above novel and/or overlapping loci should be effective for marker-assisted selection breeding for resistance against the two diseases and the insect. Different strategies of varietal development and effective deployment against the two viral diseases are also discussed.  相似文献   

18.
A 39 kDa protein, known as the viral spike protein or one of the protein components forming the viral spike, encoded by genomic segment 9 (S9) of Rice Ragged Stunt Oryzavirus (RRSV) was obtained by enzymatic cleavage of a fusion protein expressed by S9 cDNA in bacteria with proteinase factor Xa. The feeding of an insect vector — the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) on purified expressed 39 kDa protein before the inoculation of the insects on diseased rice plants could completely inhibit the vector transmission ability of the insect. The presence of a 32 kDa insect cell membrane protein which could bind to 39 kDa viral spike protein indicated that the inhibition might be resulted from the competition in the interactions of 39 kDa protein and intact virus with the virus receptors on the insect cells. These results suggest that the spike proteins of the plant reoviruses are essential for the virus infection in the interactions of virus, insect vectors and host plants. These results are also useful in the practical applications.  相似文献   

19.
Maintenance of a balance between the levels of viral replication and selective pressure from the immune systems of insect vectors is one of the prerequisites for efficient transmission of insect-borne propagative phytoviruses. The mechanism regulating the adaptation of RNA viruses to insect vectors by genomic variation remains unknown. Our previous study demonstrated an extension of the 3’-untranslated terminal region (UTR) of two genomic segments of rice stripe virus (RSV). In the present study, a reverse genetic system for RSV in human cells and an insect vector, the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus, was used to demonstrate that the 3’-terminal extensions suppressed viral replication in vector insects by inhibiting promoter activity due to structural interference with the panhandle structure formed by viral 3’- and 5’-UTRs. The extension sequence in the viral RNA1 segment was targeted by an endogenous insect microRNA, miR-263a, which decreased the inhibitory effect of the extension sequence on viral promoter activity. Surprisingly, the expression of miR-263a was negatively regulated by RSV infection. This elaborate coordination between terminal variation of the viral genome and endogenous insect microRNAs controls RSV replication in planthopper, thus reflecting a distinct strategy of adaptation of phytoviruses to insect vectors.  相似文献   

20.
Rice black‐streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is transmitted naturally to important crops such as rice, maize, barley and wheat in a persistent manner by the planthoppers, Laodelphax striatellus, Unkanodes sapporona and Unkanodes albifascia. Insect vector transmission tests are the basis for identifying viral incidence, evaluating the resistance of varieties and selecting resistance sources for rice and maize breeding. A simple, rapid and reliable method is described by which virus‐free small brown planthoppers (L. striatellus) acquired RBSDV from frozen infected rice leaves and transmitted it to healthy rice and maize plants. After feeding on frozen infected rice leaves, the planthoppers were tested by RT‐PCR for the presence of virus after 10, 15, and 22 days, respectively. The percentages of RBSDV‐containing insects were 0, 25 and 71.43% of L. striatellus fed on frozen infected rice leaves compared to 0, 28.25 and 71.43% of L. striatellus fed on fresh infected rice leaves, respectively. In transmission tests, three of eight rice seedlings (37.5%) and four of eight maize seedlings (50%) were inoculated by the planthoppers that had fed previously on frozen leaves and had allowed a 22 days latent period and showed typical disease symptoms. As a positive control, four of eight rice seedlings (50%) and four of six maize seedlings (66.67%) became infected. All rice and maize plants expressing disease symptoms were identified as virus‐positive by RT‐PCR. These results indicated that the planthoppers acquired RBSDV from frozen infected leaves and transmitted the virus to healthy plants.  相似文献   

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