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1.
贵州董背洞和水江洞内动物群落结构与部分环境因子的相关性 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在2002—2005年的2月和7月共5次赴荔波董背洞和水江洞对肉眼能见到的软体动物、节肢动物和脊索动物进行了观察和采集,在董背洞共获标本440号,隶属3门5纲10目20科39种或类群;在水江洞共获标本498号,隶属3门6纲11目20科25种或类群。根据上述两洞内各光带中动物种类和数量组成不同,将其划分为6个动物群落,经群落多样性分析,物种丰富度、群落多样性、最大多样性、均匀度、优势度和相似性指数最高的分别是群落B(4·1059)、H(2·4716)、B(3·3322)、E(0·9042)、C(0·3442)和A—C(0·5251)。此外还研究了群落多样性与部分环境因子的相关性,如温度、湿度、空气中CO2和N2含量、土壤有机质和部分无机盐含量等。用Pearson相关系数进行分析,结果显示土壤中有机质的含量与物种数、物种丰富度和群落最大多样性指数都呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0·885、0·909和0·868(双尾显著性检验均P≤0·05),与群落多样性指数呈显著正相关,相关系数为0·611(双尾显著性检验,P≥0·1),由此证明土壤有机质的含量是影响洞穴动物群落变化的重要因子之一;在地表,温、湿度是影响动物群落多样性变化的重要因子,但在特殊的溶洞内由于洞尾段的温度四季较稳定和整个洞穴内的湿度均较高,故与群落多样性的相关性不显著。 相似文献
2.
2006年7月对贵州省织金县紫烟洞和莲花洞内肉眼可见的软体动物、节肢动物和脊索动物进行了观察和标本的采集,紫烟洞共获标本661个,隶属3门5纲32科68种或类群。莲花洞共获标本265个,隶属3门5纲18科25种或类群。根据2洞内各光带中动物种类组成和数量不同,将其划分为6个动物群落:紫烟洞有光带(ZY1)、紫烟洞弱光带(ZY2)、紫烟洞黑暗带(ZY3)、莲花洞有光带(LH1)、莲花洞弱光带(LH2)和莲花洞黑暗带(LH3)。群落多样性分析表明,丰富度、多样性、最大多样性、均匀度、优势度指数最高的群落分别是ZY1、ZY1、ZY1、LH1、ZY1。通过主成分分析,研究了环境因子对2洞穴内动物群落结构的影响,结果表明,影响程度由大到小依次为土壤中Ca含量、温度、湿度、N2、O2、水中Ca含量、CO2、pH值和土壤中有机质含量。其中湿度和CO2为负影响。 相似文献
3.
在2002-2005年的2月和7月多次赴荔波波多洞和甲良洞对肉眼能见到的软体动物、节肢动物和脊索动物进行了观察和采集。在波多洞共获标本1045号,隶属3门6纲13目27科45种或类群,在甲良洞共获标本469号,隶属3门6纲9目24科52种或类群。根据上述两洞内各光带中动物种类和数量组成,可划分为6个动物群落。经群落多样性分析,物种丰富度、群落多样性、最大多样性、均匀度、优势度和相似性指数最高的分别是群落D(8.3223)、D(3.4677)、D(3.8286)、D(0.9057)、C(0.0404)和D-E(0.6611)。环境因子与群落多样性的相关分析结果显示:土壤中有机质的含量与物种数、物种丰富度、群落多样性和群落最大多样性指数都呈极显著正相关(相关系数分别为0.908、0.913、0.826和0.818),与群落均匀度指数呈显著正相关(相关系数为0.674);空气中CO2的含量与物种数、物种丰富度、群落多样性、群落最大多样性和均匀度指数都呈负相关(相关系数分别为-0.324、-0.552、-0.573、-0.345和-0.742)。这些结果暗示土壤有机质的含量和空气中CO2的含量是影响洞穴动物群落变化的重要因子。 相似文献
4.
《四川动物》2017,(4)
通过对贵州省松桃县腊山河洞洞穴动物进行采集和调查,共获标本472号,隶属于3门9纲19目33科38种。按个体组成和环境差异,将腊山河洞洞穴动物划分为4个群落,群落多样性分析结果显示,群落A的物种数最多(23)、丰富度最大(4.571 7),群落多样性指数依次为群落A(2.637 9)B(2.475 7)C(1.442 3)D(1.311 5)。群落D均匀度指数最高(0.946 1),虽然群落C物种数较少但形成了较大的类群,所以优势度最高(0.378 8)。群落多样性与环境因子的Pearson相关性分析显示,温度与物种丰富度呈极显著正相关(r=1.000),土壤中汞(Hg)与物种数呈显著正相关(r=0.997),土壤中砷(As)与多样性指数、丰富度、优势度之间呈显著相关,相关系数分别为-1.000、-0.999、0.998。重金属污染评价结果表明,3个光带内土壤重金属Hg、As的综合污染指数均达到重污染等级,而水体中重金属Hg、As的含量均达到国家Ⅲ类地下水质标准,与相关性分析结果相吻合。由此可见,环境中重金属的含量与洞穴动物群落结构密切相关,影响着洞穴动物群落的组成及分布。 相似文献
5.
在2002—2005年的2月和7月共5次赴荔波董背洞和水江洞对肉眼能见到的软体动物、节肢动物和脊索动物进行了观察和采集,在董背洞共获标本440号,隶属3门5纲10目20科39种或类群;在水江洞共获标本498号,隶属3门6纲11目20科25种或类群。根据上述两洞内各光带中动物种类和数量组成不同,将其划分为6个动物群落,经群落多样性分析,物种丰富度、群落多样性、最大多样性、均匀度、优势度和相似性指数最高的分别是群落B(4.1059)、H(2.4716)、B(3.3322)、E(0.9042)、C(0.3442)和A—C(0.5251)。此外还研究了群落多样性与部分环境因子的相关性,如温度、湿度、空气中CO 2和N 2含量、土壤有机质和部分无机盐含量等。用Pearson相关系数进行分析,结果显示土壤中有机质的含量与物种数、物种丰富度和群落最大多样性指数都呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.885、0.909和0.868(双尾显著性检验均P≤0.05),与群落多样性指数呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.611(双尾显著性检验,P≥0.1),由此证明土壤有机质的含量是影响洞穴动物群落变化的重要因子之一;在地表,温、湿度是影响动物群落多样性变化的重要因子,但在特殊的溶洞内由于洞尾段的温度四季较稳定和整个洞穴内的湿度均较高,故与群落多样性的相关性不显著。 相似文献
6.
贵州织金洞洞穴动物群落多样性与光照强度及土壤重金属含量的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解洞穴动物群落多样性与环境的关系,以及土壤重金属污染对洞穴动物分布和多样性的影响,作者于2011年8月对贵州的著名旅游洞穴织金洞的动物群落多样性进行了调查.将该洞划分为5个光带,即入洞口有光带、出洞口有光带、入洞口弱光带、出洞口弱光带和黑暗带,共设置25个样方.采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数对群落多样性进行了分析,采用主成分(PCA)分析动物群落多样性与环境的关系,用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法测度和评价了洞内土壤重金属的潜在生态危害程度.结果显示:共获动物标本1,080号,隶属3门7纲26科41种(或类群);多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数最高的分别是出洞口有光带(2.7996)、入洞口有光带(4.5399)、出洞口有光带(0.9196)和出洞口弱光带(0.1868),入洞口有光带和出洞口有光带间相似性系数最高(0.6248);群落多样性和丰富度沿有光带、弱光带、黑暗带呈递减趋势.土壤中的有机质和空气中CO2含量、洞穴湿度、温度以及土壤中的重金属污染是影响洞穴动物群落多样性的主导因子;土壤中Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、As均处于低度生态危害水平,而Hg污染较为严重,在入洞口有光带已达到重度生态危害水平(Er i=256.000);从整个洞穴的综合潜在生态风险指数的平均值(RI=192.714)来看,6种重金属总的潜在生态危害程度达到中度生态危害水平,洞穴受到一定程度的重金属污染. 相似文献
7.
8.
通过对贵州省施秉县白云岩喀斯特地区大塘下洞和岩孔洞的深入调查,共采集洞穴动物标本1541号,隶属于32科61种.其中岩孔洞共采集洞穴动物标本668号,隶属于17科30种,大塘下洞共采集洞穴动物标本873号,隶属于24科37种.经数理统计分析,在2个洞穴弱光带中,除物种优势度外,群落多样性均最大.在所有群落中,多样性最高的是群落E,优势度指数最高的是群落C.用Pearson相关系数进行环境因子、物种或群落多样性的相关性分析,结果显示群落多样性各指数之间相关性较显著,温度和群落多样性之间也存在显著相关关系,土壤中砷对物种或群落多样性也有影响.从研究的环境因子与物种或群落多样性的欧氏距离分析来看,除湿度与其他系数的欧氏距离较大外,其余系数间欧氏距离均较小,最小欧氏距离为0.22.表明洞穴动物群落与环境因子之间相关性较显著.经土壤污染评价,岩孔洞严重受到重金属汞和砷的污染,对洞穴动物群落结构产生严重影响. 相似文献
9.
分别在2005年的10月和2006年的2月赴遵义龙洞和万家洞对肉眼见到的软体动物、节肢动物和脊索动物进行了观察和采集,在龙洞共获标本454号,隶属3门6纲13目20科29种或类群;在万家洞共获标本1726号,隶属3门7纲11目18科22种或类群。根据两洞内各光带中动物种类和数量组成不同,将其划分为6个动物群落,经群落多样性分析,物种丰富度、群落多样性、最大多样性、均匀度、优势度和相似性指数最高的分别是群落A(3.1932)、C(2.0788)、A(2.8332)、B(0.7828)、E(0.3789)和B-E(1.7854)。此外还研究了部分环境因子与群落多样性的相关性。结果显示,土壤中有机质的含量与群落多样性指数呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.828(双尾显著性检验≤0.05);空气中CO2的含量与物种数、物种丰富度指数、群落多样性指数、群落最大多样性指数和群落优势度指数都成不显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.160、-0.263、-0.072、-0.117和-0.031。由此证明土壤有机质的含量和空气中CO2的含量是影响洞穴动物群落变化的重要因子。 相似文献
10.
长春南湖底栖动物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系 总被引:15,自引:7,他引:15
1 引 言城市湖泊由于人类活动的强烈影响 ,大多已处于富营养化状态 ,严重降低了湖泊价值 .作为水生态系统中重要的组成部分 ,底栖动物是某些经济鱼类的饵料生物 ,而且其群落结构与水体环境有着密切的关系 ,水质的好坏直接或间接影响到底栖动物的生长、繁殖和种类分布 .国外多年前就已经使用底栖大型无脊椎动物 ,尤其是摇蚊科 (Chironomidae)幼虫和寡毛类的分布格局来作为湖泊营养状态和污染程度的指标[1,3 ,5] .近年来 ,我国在这方面也进行了一些研究[2 ,4 ,6,7] .研究底栖动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系 ,可为湖泊… 相似文献
11.
Preliminary studies on the ability of plant barriers to capture lead and cadmium of vehicular origin 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Filippo Bussotti Paolo Grossoni Paolo Batistoni Marco Ferretti Enrico Cenni 《Aerobiologia》1995,11(1):11-18
The purpose of this study is to determine the type of plant barrier most suitable for the protection of areas adjacent to roadways from the emissions of motor vehicles, as well as to establish the most efficient plant species for use in the barriers. The survey gathered the following samples: (a) grass and soil samples near the major Italian motorway networks and from sites directly exposed to vehicle emissions or protected by plant barriers; (b) samples of leaves from various species of trees, growing both alongside motorways and in urban and remote sites. The results show that the most efficient barriers are those placed immediately alongside the road edge and the most efficient species are deciduous broadleaves and small-needle conifers. 相似文献
12.
Impacts of fly-ash on soil and plant responses 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Coal combustion produces carbon dioxides, SOx, NOx and a variety of byproducts, including fly-ash, flue gas and scrubber sludge. Fly-ash consists of minute glass-like particles
and its deposition on leaves inhibits the normal transpiration and photosynthesis of plants. Fly-ash also affects the physicochemical
characteristics of soil because it is generally very basic, rich in various essential and non-essential elements, but poor
in both nitrogen and available phosphorus. The massive fly-ash materials have been a potential resource for the agricultural
activities as well as the other industrial purposes. Practical value of fly-ash in agriculture as an 'effective and safe'
fertiliser or soil amendment can be established after repeated field experiments. Here remains to be disclosed the biological
processes and interactions due to 'lack and excess' of the fly-ash exposures along with abiotic and biotic factors. These
may involve the symbiotic fixation of nitrogen and the biological extraction of metals following immobilisation of toxic heavy
metal ions, as well as other neutralisation and equilibration processes during weathering. Nitrogen-fixing plants with an
apparent heavy metal-tolerance can be helpful as the early colonisers of fly-ash dumps and nearby areas.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
13.
近海海域易于受到城市工业等人类活动的污染,重金属污染是其中之一,持续的低度污染也会造成近海生物体内污染物累积,影响海域渔业和生态环境。通过对大连周边6个海区内采集的牡蛎壳体分析测定发现,壳体中重金属的含量与该海区海水中重金属含量线性相关,其中Zn、Cd、Pb和Cu的相关系数分别为0.9430、0.9822、0.9930、0.9815,生物富集系数在1000左右。实验分析手段采用二阶微分阳极溶出伏安极谱,支持电解液为pH4.0~4.5的Hac-NaAc缓冲溶液,标准偏差RSD=0.11~1.16,实验回收率93~105%。研究结果表明,(1)牡蛎壳体可以替代贝类软组织作为监测海域环境的载体,指示海域环境重金属的变化情况; (2)牡蛎壳体层状的生长过程与同时期水质的状况密切相关,层状物理结构便于分层分析,通过本实验相关性的验证,完全有可能建立一种海水水质短期历史追溯的技术方法。 相似文献
14.
Jacquelyn F. Sullivan Brian R. Murphy Gary J. Atchison Alan W. McIntosh 《Hydrobiologia》1978,57(1):65-68
Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to 2.5 ppb cadmium in an industrially contaminated lake accumulated whole body burdens of 3.19 ppm Cd in 12 hours, while minnows exposed to 48 ppb Cd in a continuous flow laboratory system did not reach comparable levels until the eighth day of exposure. Significant whole body accumulation of Cd (approximately 9 ppm) peaked within 17–20 days of exposure in the laboratory. 相似文献
15.
Khaled A. Al-Akeel Mohamed A. Al-Fredan El-Sayed M. Desoky 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(12):7367-7372
The main objectives of this study were to determine the floristic composition of the vegetation cover and to find the effects of wastewater pollution on the plant community structure in eastern Saudi Arabia. 28 stands which were distributed among polluted and unpolluted sites, were chosen for this study. A total of 42 plant species were recorded (14 in the polluted and 28 in the unpolluted sites). The recorded plants comprised of 13 perennial plant species and 29 annual plant species. Seven vegetation communities were determined using TWINSPAN and DCA classification and ordination techniques. Three in the polluted sites, two in the unpolluted sites and the remaining two were mixed communities. The (Sarcopoterium spinosum – Pistacia len‐tiscus) community in the polluted sites, had the highest values of soil moisture, salinity, sulphate, calcium and potassium. On the other hand, Juniperus phoenicea – Olea europaea community in the unpolluted site, had the lowest value of organic matter, salinity and magnesium. In respect of genetic diversity, the community of Foeniculum vulgare - Nicotiana glauca in the unpolluted site, was the most diverse, while Ricinus communis - Chrysanthemum coronarium in the polluted sites was the least one. Both soil and wastewater heavy metal analysis indicated that Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni concentrations in the polluted sites were significantly higher than those in the unpolluted ones. The impact of wastewater discharge led to the appearance of new invasive plant species that may significantly affect plant diversity and community structure in eastern Saudi Arabia. Finally wastewater discharge in open rangelands could adversely affect the growth of plant species in the rangelands and thus adversely affect plant community structure and diversity. 相似文献
16.
BackgroundFish are an important source of nutrition for humans. Artisanal fishing plays a fundamental role in Brazil fish production. In Brazil, the unrestrained increase, diffusion, and little importance for environmental causes of other economic activities, such as the agricultural industry, has caused irreparable damage, leading to the contamination of water bodies. Among the countless pollutants that reach water bodies, trace metals are extremely problematic. Here, we evaluated the bioaccumulation and health risk of trace metal contamination in the musculature of the trahira fish (Hoplias malabaricus), collected from two rivers in southeastern Brazil.MethodsDuring the period from May 2017 to November 2019, 90 fish were collected, 45 from each river. River water samples were also taken during the same collection periods. From fish, muscle tissue samples were taken, and together with river water samples, analyzed for the recovery of trace metals (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb) through the technique of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).ResultsIn general, fish as well as the waters of the Jacaré-Guaçú River had higher concentrations of metals. The elements Al, Cr and Cd stood out from the others analyzed metals for having a hazard index (HQ) above 1 (Al), for being up to 10 times above the concentrations allowed by Brazilian legislation (Cr) and for having a high bioconcentration factor (Cd), indicating a biomagnification process through the food chain.ConclusionIn general, trace metal concentrations in the waters and fish of the Jacaré‐Guaçú were higher than in the Jacaré-Pepira, which shows that the Jacaré‐Guaçú is the one that suffers more anthropogenic action between the two rivers. In addition, some elements such as Al, Cr and Cd, due to its high concentrations, should receive some attention as they can pose risks to the health of fish, which can jeopardize the survival of their populations, and especially to humans who use these animals as a food source. 相似文献