三种不同术式治疗高血压脑出血的疗效分析

目的：分析高血压脑出血三种外科治疗方法及疗效。方法：对118例采用不同术式治疗的高血压脑出血病人临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：治疗效果用ADL分级评价,预后良好59例,预后不良38例,死亡21例。三种不同手术方式疗效差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论：选择合适的手术方式和手术时机是治疗高血压脑出血,提高患者术后生存质量,降低致残率和死亡率的关键。     

高血压脑出血急诊综合治疗进展

高血压病伴发脑小动脉病变在血压骤升时破裂致原发性脑出血,称为高血压性脑出血.多发生在50岁以上、血压控制不良的高血压患者,常在体力活动或情绪激动时突然发病,症状在数分钟至数小时内达到高峰[1].该病以发病率高、致残率高、死亡率高为特点,是急诊常见病之一.目前高血压脑出血的急诊救治主要为内科药物治疗和外科手术治疗两种,治疗时机及方案正确与否是救治高血压脑出血的成功关键.现本文就高血压脑出血的综合治疗进展综述如下.     

高血压患者脑出血的临床护理体会

目的探析高血压患者脑出血的临床护理对策与体会。方法选取本院2012年1月~2013年1月期间内科收治的高血压脑出血患者152例临床资料进行回顾性分析。在基础护理的基础上,给予患者心理护理、饮食调节、呼吸道护理及康复护理。结果152例患者治疗依从性提高,疗效确切,未出现并发症,病残率低。结论对高血压性脑出血患者实施科学有效的护理,能显著提高高血压性脑出血患者的治疗效果,降低病残率。     

奥美拉唑治疗高血压脑出血并发上消化道出血临床观察

目的:探讨高血压脑出血并发上消化道出血采用奥美拉唑治疗的临床效果。方法:本次研究选择的对象共40例,均为我院2011年9月至2013年9月收治的高血压脑出血并发上消化道出血的患者,随机按观察组和对照组各20例划分,观察组采用奥美拉唑治疗,对照组采用法莫替丁治疗,回顾两组临床资料。结果:观察组出血率为5%,对照组为20%,观察组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组死亡3例,死因均与上消化道出血无相关性。对照组死亡6例,死于上消化道出血3例,有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:高血压脑出血并发上消化道出血治疗预防不佳,脑出血部位及出血量与病情严重程度直接相关,采用奥美拉唑治疗效果理想,可在一定程度上降低病死率,相关研究还需扩大样本确定。     

高血压性脑出血患者院前急诊临床探析

目的:本文将对高血压性脑出血患者给予临床分组治疗,从而探讨高血压性脑出血患者院前急诊治疗效果,为提高高血压性脑出血患者的治疗效果,最终提高患者生活质量与生命安全。方法:院前急救组高血压性脑出血患者于接诊后且未入院前给予现场急救措施,;院前未处理组高血压性脑出血患者于接诊后直接转运至院内接受治疗,现场并不进行任何急救措施。观察并记录两组患者致残率、死亡率及抢救成功率,给予统计学分析,得出结论。结果:院前急救组高血压性脑出血患者死亡率为13.33%、抢救成功率为86.67%、未死亡患者中致残率为15.38%,均明显优于院前未处理组高血压性脑出血患者死亡率为33.33%、抢救成功率为66.67%、未死亡患者中致残率为35.00%,且P0.05,两组患者对比结果具有统计学意义。结论:对高血压性脑出血患者进行院前现场急救措施,能够有效提高患者抢救成功率,降低其死亡率与致残率,最终提高患者生活质量与生命安全,值得临床推广应用。     

高血压脑出血并发症的危险因素分析及护理对策

目的分析高血压脑出血并发症的危险因素,并探讨护理对策。方法对我院2012年1月~2015年1月住院治疗的高血压脑出血患者186例的临床资料进行回顾性分析,采用Cox风险模型进行多因素分析筛选出对高血压脑出血并发症具有独立预测作用的因素。结果186例高血压脑出血患者中,发生并发症86例,发生率为46.2%(86/186),其中并发肺部感染35例(18.8%),消化道出血13例(7.0%),尿路感染16例(8.6%),中枢性高热17例(9.1%),下肢深静脉血栓形成5例(2.7%)。经Cox比例风险模型分析(Enter法)显示,发病后入院时间和吸烟是高血压脑出血患者并发肺部感染的独立预测因素(P0.05)。结论发病后入院时间和吸烟与高血压脑出血患者并发肺部感染相关,高血压脑出血并发症发生可导致患者病情恶化甚至死亡,及时有效的护理对策可预防及减少脑出血并发症的发生,也是影响患者预后及降低死亡率的关键。     

老年高血压脑出血的微创治疗分析

目的:探讨微创手术与传统开颅手术治疗高血压脑出血的手术效果。方法:回顾性分析自2005年5月至2009年7月期间开颅手术39例和微创手术治疗44例高血压脑出血的疗效,比较两种方式的优劣。结果:开颅手术组和微创手术组均获得了较好的疗效,两者相比未见有明显的差别。结论:微创手术组和开颅手术比较未见明显的疗效差异,微创手术手术简单,创伤面积小,费用较低,患者耐受性好,值得推广。     

影响高血压性脑出血手术疗效的因素

目的：对影响高血压性脑出血外科治疗效果诸因素进行综合分析。方法：采用不同手术方式治疗高血压性脑出血362例,观察年龄因素、GCS积分、术前有无基础病变及血肿量对疗效的影响。结果：年龄因素、病情轻重、术前有无基础病变的存在是影响手术疗效的重要因素,而血肿量的多少则无明显影响。结论：高血压性脑出血的外科治疗疗效是多因素影响,在确定手术指征时要多因素进行综合分析。     

73例老年高血压脑出血外科手术方法的疗效比较

目的：观察比较三种手术方法治疗老年高血压脑出血的临床疗效及安全性。方法：采取回顾性分析对2008年6月至2012年9月期间在我院接受手术治疗的73例患者,比较手术方式的优劣。结果：采用ADL分级评价治疗效果,神经内镜结合小骨窗组的临床疗效优于立体定向组和大骨瓣开颅血肿清除术组,有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论：神经内镜结合小骨窗治疗老年性高血压性脑出血疗效优于立体定向手术和大骨瓣开颅血肿清除术组,值得在脑出血临床治疗中推广应用。     

老年高血压脑出血的微创治疗分析

目的：探讨微创手术与传统开颅手术治疗高血压脑出血的手术效果。方法：回顾性分析自2005年5月至2009年7月期间开颅手术39例和微创手术治疗44例高血压脑出血的疗效,比较两种方式的优劣。结果：开颅手术组和微创手术组均获得了较好的疗效,两者相比未见有明显的差剐。结论：微创手术组和开颅手术比较未见明显的疗效差异,微创手术手术简单,创伤面积小,费用较低,患者耐受性好,值得推广。     

老年高血压脑出血手术治疗预后的影响因素分析

目的分析老年人高血压脑出血手术治疗预后的各种影响因素,以提高手术疗效。方法回顾105例老年人（≥60岁）高血压脑出血手术治疗临床资料,分析GCS评分、出血量、手术时机、年龄对预后的影响。结果患者术前GCS评分越高预后越好,血肿量较小者（≤50m l）预后较好,年龄越大者预后差,患者在6小时内及6-24小时内手术则较24小时后手术预后好。结论患者术前GCS评分是H ICH预后的重要指标,不同的出血量有不同的预后,超早期和早期手术疗效好,高龄患者（〉80岁）手术风险大,预后差。     

Prolactinomas, Cushing's disease and acromegaly: debating the role of medical therapy for secretory pituitary adenomas

Pituitary adenomas are associated with a variety of clinical manifestations resulting from excessive hormone secretion and tumor mass effects, and require a multidisciplinary management approach. This article discusses the treatment modalities for the management of patients with a prolactinoma, Cushing's disease and acromegaly, and summarizes the options for medical therapy in these patients. First-line treatment of prolactinomas is pharmacotherapy with dopamine agonists; recent reports of cardiac valve abnormalities associated with this class of medication in Parkinson's disease has prompted study in hyperprolactinemic populations. Patients with resistance to dopamine agonists may require other treatment. First-line treatment of Cushing's disease is pituitary surgery by a surgeon with experience in this condition. Current medical options for Cushing's disease block adrenal cortisol production, but do not treat the underlying disease. Pituitary-directed medical therapies are now being explored. In several small studies, the dopamine agonist cabergoline normalized urinary free cortisol in some patients. The multi-receptor targeted somatostatin analogue pasireotide (SOM230) shows promise as a pituitary-directed medical therapy in Cushing's disease; further studies will determine its efficacy and safety. Radiation therapy, with medical adrenal blockade while awaiting the effects of radiation, and bilateral adrenalectomy remain standard treatment options for patients not cured with pituitary surgery. In patients with acromegaly, surgery remains the first-line treatment option when the tumor is likely to be completely resected, or for debulking, especially when the tumor is compressing neurovisual structures. Primary therapy with somatostatin analogues has been used in some patients with large extrasellar tumors not amenable to surgical cure, patients at high surgical risk and patients who decline surgery. Pegvisomant is indicated in patients who have not responded to surgery and other medical therapy, although there are regional differences in when it is prescribed. In conclusion, the treatment of patients with pituitary adenomas requires a multidisciplinary approach. Dopamine agonists are an effective first-line medical therapy in most patients with a prolactinoma, and somatostatin analogues can be used as first-line therapy in selected patients with acromegaly. Current medical therapies for Cushing's disease primarily focus on adrenal blockade of cortisol production, although pasireotide and cabergoline show promise as pituitary-directed medical therapy for Cushing's disease; further long-term evaluation of efficacy and safety is important.     

神经内镜手术与小骨窗开颅手术治疗高血压脑出血疗效对比的回顾性研究

摘要 目的：回顾性对比神经内镜手术与小骨窗开颅手术治疗高血压脑出血（HICH）疗效。方法：回顾性选取2018年7月~2021年3月期间在联勤保障部队第909医院治疗的83例HICH患者的临床资料。根据手术方式的不同,将患者分为A组（n=41）和B组（n=42）,A组患者采用小骨窗开颅手术治疗,B组患者采用神经内镜手术治疗,对比两组围术期指标、并发症发生率、神经功能、生活能力、神经损伤指标及预后。结果：与A组相比, B组的手术时间、住院时间明显缩短,术中出血量减少,血肿清除率升高（P<0.05）。B组术后1周美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分低于A组,Barthel指数评分高于A组（P<0.05）。B组术后1周神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、S100B 蛋白（S100B）、髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）、胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）水平低于A组（P<0.05）。B组的并发症发生率小于A组（P<0.05）。B组的预后良好率高于A组（P<0.05）。结论：神经内镜手术、小骨窗开颅手术治疗HICH均可获得较好的疗效,其中神经内镜手术在缩短手术时间、住院时间,减少术中出血量和并发症发生率,提高血肿清除率,减轻神经功能损伤,促进患者生活能力改善,改善患者预后方面的效果更为显著。     

Focus: Zoonotic Disease: Retrospective Evaluation of Hydatid Cyst Cases During Pregnancy

Aim: Zoonotic parasite infections affect many pregnant people around the world. Hydatid cystic disease is also a zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus sp. This study aims to present the maternal-fetal results and clinical treatment of pregnant women diagnosed with liver hydatid cyst (CH). This zoonotic disease is discussed again in the light of current literature. Materials and Methods: Pregnant women with hydatid cyst monitored in a tertiary health center between 2018 and 2020 were evaluated. Seven cases were included in this study. We retrospectively collected and analyzed clinical data, which did not interfere with medical treatment. Results: Albendazole was started as medical therapy in six patients, and percutaneous drainage was applied to one patient. Three of our six patients who started medical treatment had to undergo surgery due to maternal complications that developed despite medical treatment. Two of our patients were delivered with a cesarean section due to the obstetric indications. Discussion: Hydatid cysts are most commonly caused by Echinococcus granulosus infection and most common in the liver. The diagnosis of liver hydatid cysts is not difficult, but pregnant women’s treatment methods have some problems. Although both medical and surgical treatments are available, there is no consensus. We would also like to underscore that echinococcal disease of the liver should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain, jaundice, and/or fever, especially in endemic regions. We think that when we increase awareness about this disease, we can improve fetal and maternal outcomes by making an early diagnosis and management.     

Comparative Efficacy of Vertebroplasty,Kyphoplasty, and Medical Therapy for Vertebral Fractures on Survival and Prevention of Recurrent Fractures

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of surgical and medical therapies on recurrent vertebral fracture and mortality rates.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records was performed of patients seen at Emory University Spine Center and Hospital (Atlanta, Georgia) for vertebral fracture between 1998 and 2007. Patients with vertebral fracture or who underwent vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty were identified by use of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and Current Procedural Terminology codes, respectively. Outcome measures included site and date of recurrent vertebral fractures and mortality.ResultsWe identified 250 patients with vertebral fractures and classified them into 4 groups: surgical therapy only, surgical plus medical treatment, medical therapy only, and no treatment. There was no significant difference in the cumulative survival rates among the 4 study groups nor between the treatment groups. There was, however, a significant difference in the cumulative refracturefree rates among the 4 study groups (P < .0001). Recurrent fracture-free rates were highest in the group that received no treatment. The 2-year cumulative refracture-free rates were 95.9%, 84.8%, 81.7%, and 68.5%, respectively, for the no treatment, medical therapy only, surgical treatment only, and medical plus surgical therapy groups. Recurrent fracture-free rates were significantly different for patients who received surgical or medical or surgical plus medical therapy (P = .0007), with patients in the medical plus surgical group having the shortest time to refracture, although these patients may have been sicker and more frail than the other groups.ConclusionWe found that surgical treatment with vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty did not decrease recurrent vertebral fractures in patients presenting with an initial vertebral fracture. Medical and surgical therapies together may shorten the time to refracture, but the observed elevated risk may be due to other confounding factors. We found no difference in survival in patients undergoing kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty in comparison with medical or no treatment groups. The relationship between surgical and medical therapy and vertebral refracture rates should be further evaluated with use of a prospective cohort design. (Endocr Pract. 2012;18:499-507)     

Current clinical perspectives on myocardial angiogenesis

Currently accepted modalities of treatment for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) include pharmacological therapy, and revascularization with either bypass surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Similarly, conventional treatment of congestive heart failure (HF) is limited to medical therapy, temporary assist devices and in a select few, cardiac transplantation. A significant subset of patients with severe symptomatic CAD and end stage HF is not eligible for these traditional methods of treatment. In spite of maximal medical and revascularization therapy, these patients may not get adequate symptomatic relief. After a decade of investigations, gene therapy is emerging as a promising therapeutic option for this group of patients. This review discusses myocardial angiogenesis as a therapeutic modality in these patients including therapeutic angiogenesis with growth factors and cell transplantation.     

Pregnancy and inflammatory bowel disease.

Conclusions about the relationship between the pathophysiology and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and the physiology and management of pregnancy are based on the results of several large physician surveys and retrospective chart reviews. Patients with active disease fare worse than those with inactive disease. There is little evidence that pregnancy affects the course of inflammatory bowel disease or that inactive inflammatory bowel disease affects the course of pregnancy. Judicious medical therapy is effective in controlling inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy. Sulfasalazine or steroid therapy should not be withdrawn in a patient who needs it to achieve or maintain a quiescent state of inflammatory bowel disease during the course of pregnancy. Immunosuppressive therapy should be avoided. Aggressive medical therapy with total parenteral nutrition in a team approach with a gastroenterologist, surgeon, and perinatologist usually avoids the need for surgical intervention during pregnancy with a good fetal outcome in a patient whose disease is active. Contraception against pregnancy need only be considered in those patients whose disease is so severe that operative therapy is imminent.     

MANAGEMENT OF PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASE

The proper use of medical therapeutic agents in the management of peripheral arterial occlusive disease must be based upon a thorough understanding of the factors controlling vasomotor tone and vasospasm, mechanisms regulating blood flow in skin and muscle, factors favoring nutritional and shunt flow, effects of the diversion of blood from one vascular bed to another, muscle contraction as a factor which may limit the blood flow to a part, epinephrine sensitivity after sympathectomy, and the effects of vasodilator drugs on the local and total circulations.There are six major classes of therapy for peripheral arteriosclerosis: General medical care, administration of vasodilator drugs and administration of anticoagulants, sympathectomy, direct vascular operation and amputation. In many cases the most successful treatment is a combination of medical and surgical therapy.     

Current therapy of cutaneous melanoma

Melanoma is a growing public health problem. Optimal care of the melanoma patient is multidisciplinary, but plastic surgeons and other surgical specialties play a central role in the management of these patients. Although surgery remains the mainstay of therapy for melanoma, several recent clinical studies have helped to clarify the biology of the disease and have changed the patterns of care for patients with melanoma. The advent of lymphatic mapping for interrogation of regional lymph nodes and interferon as the first effective postsurgical adjuvant therapy have had a major impact on the care of melanoma in the United States and elsewhere. This article will review the current clinical approach and therapy for cutaneous melanoma. The diagnosis, prognostic variables, staging evaluation, current surgical and medical treatment, and follow-up guidelines for patients with all stages of melanoma are reviewed. Recent studies, controversies, and directions of future investigational therapies will be discussed.