miR-126 调控前列腺癌机制研究

miR-126通过靶向作用于表皮生长因子域7(EGFL7)、同源框A9(HOXA9)、胰岛素受体底物-1(IlLS-1)、p85-B基因等,在转录后水平调控靶基因表达,在肿瘤形成中起重要作用。前列腺癌细胞中高表达miR-126,能明显下调VEGF-A、EGLF7、HOXA9、VCAM-l等与肿瘤生长、转移密切相关的蛋白分子。miR-126作为抑癌因子,在多种肿瘤中均下调。其抑癌作用及机制在肺癌、白血病、乳腺癌、宫颈癌等中均已得到证实。本课题拟对miR-126调控前列腺癌机制做一综述。     

MicroRNA-126(miR-126)对血管调节的分子机制

脉管系统的结构,维护及重塑的精确调节对于血管的正常发育,组织损伤的应答和肿瘤的生长都是必不可少的。最近,越来越多的研究报道了非编码的RNAs,又叫做microRNAs调节内皮细胞对血管原刺激的应答反应。在体内,维持血管内皮细胞和血管的完整性方面miR-126是一种重要的血管生成信号调节因子。miR-126通过负性调控血管生长因子促进血管发生反应,这些血管因子包括血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)。因此,miR-126表达的靶向作用也许对于血管过多或缺乏引起的相关疾病开辟了一种新的治疗方法,这些发现也证实了单一miRNA能够调节血管的完整性及血管生成,为调整血管的形态和功能提供了一个新的靶点。本文就当前miR-126对血管的调节及分子机制进行综述。     

miR-126调控前列腺癌机制研究

miR-126通过靶向作用于表皮生长因子域7（EGFL7）、同源框A9（HOXA9）、胰岛素受体底物-1（11LS-1）、p85-B基因等,在转录后水平调控靶基因表达,在肿瘤形成中起重要作用。前列腺癌细胞中高表达miR,126,能明显下调VEGF—A、EGLF7、HOXA9、VCAM—1等与肿瘤生长、转移密切相关的蛋白分子。miR-126作为抑癌因子,在多种肿瘤中均下调。其抑癌作用及机制在肺癌、白血病、乳腺癌、宫颈癌等中均已得到证实。本课题拟对miR-126调控前列腺癌机制做一综述。     

血管microRNAs 的研究进展

血管再生在血管发展和内环境的稳定中起重要作用。错乱的血管再生导致多种疾病,如肿瘤和缺血性疾病。近年来研究证实,MicroRNAs在血管再生及调控内皮细胞功能中起重要作用,如miR-126在内皮细胞中特异性表达并调控血管生成;miR-210在缺氧导致的血管生成及内皮细胞存活中发挥重要作用;miR-17~92簇在体外可以抑制内皮细胞的增殖及在基质胶中抑制血管管腔的形成;miR-378、miR-296、miR-21和miR-31可促进肿瘤血管发生等。深入研究血管microRNAs的体内功能,将为有效抑制血管再生,改变血管病理发展提供一种新的治疗策略。     

血管microRNAs的研究进展

血管再生在血管发展和内环境的稳定中起重要作用。错乱的血管再生导致多种疾病,如肿瘤和缺血性疾病。近年来研究证实,MicroRNAs在血管再生及调控内皮细胞功能中起重要作用,如miR-126在内皮细胞中特异性表达并调控血管生成;miR-210在缺氧导致的血管生成及内皮细胞存活中发挥重要作用;miR-17-92簇在体外可以抑制内皮细胞的增殖及在基质胶中抑制血管管腔的形成;miR-378、miR-296、miR-21和miR-31可促进肿瘤血管发生等。深入研究血管microRNAs的体内功能,将为有效抑制血管再生,改变血管病理发展提供一种新的治疗策略。     

miR-126 在膀胱癌患者尿液中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨miR-126在膀胱癌患者尿液中的表达与临床病理特征的关系,评估miR-126的肿瘤标志物诊断价值。方法:收集48例初发膀胱尿路上皮癌患者与32例健康对照者晨尿,提取尿液总RNA,通过实时荧光定量PCR技术检测各样本中的miR-126的表达水平,并经受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析其诊断价值。结果:膀胱癌患者尿液中的miR-126表达水平相对健康对照组明显上调(P0.01),其表达水平在不同病理级别之间存在显著差异(P均0.05),且低级别组表达水平略高于高级别组,与肿瘤大小、数目以及淋巴转移也有一定的相关性(P0.05),而与患者的年龄、性别、TNM分期等均无相关性(P0.05)。通过ROC曲线分析尿液中miR-126诊断膀胱肿瘤的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.861,当最佳切点定在7.475时,miR-126诊断膀胱肿瘤的敏感性和特异性分别为75.0%、81.2%。结论:膀胱癌患者尿液中miR-126的表达差异能够反映病情进展程度,其表达水平对膀胱肿瘤的早期诊断及病情评估具有一定的价值。     

miR-373与肿瘤相关作用的研究进展

miRNA是一类非编码小RNA,经转录后调节靶基因的表达,影响细胞的功能。异常表达的miRNA可引起包括癌症在内的各种疾病的发生发展。miR-373通过参与病毒感染和炎症反应、细胞的增殖和凋亡、迁移和侵袭以及作为生物标志物评估临床肿瘤特征在肿瘤中发挥作用。miR-373在许多肿瘤中表达异常:一方面,其受上游调控因子作用表达异常,影响肿瘤细胞的功能;另一方面,异常表达的miR-373通过调控下游靶基因介导信号通路影响肿瘤细胞的功能。故miR-373可作为肿瘤早期诊断、基因治疗靶点或是临床预后监测指标。该文就miR-373在肿瘤中的功能作用和调节机制的相关研究进展作一综述。     

miR-126增加非小细胞肺癌细胞A549对顺铂的敏感性

miR-126在多种恶性肿瘤中存在表达下调并显示抑癌基因的功能,然而其在肿瘤敏感性中的作用仍不明确.为了探讨miR-126在非小细胞肺癌细胞A549对顺式铂氨(cis-diammine dichloroplatoum, cisplatin, CDDP)敏感性中的作用及可能机制,本研究用MTS法检测非小细胞肺癌细胞A549及其衍生的CDDP耐受细胞A549/DDP对CDDP的敏感性.结果表明,A549/DDP细胞对CDDP的耐受性是A549细胞的4.05倍(P=0.0078)|用qRT-PCR检测发现,相比于A549细胞,A549/DDP细胞中miR-126的表达下调了8.45倍(P=0.0063),而survivin和Bcl-2的表达明显上调|通过MTS、qRT-PCR及Western印迹实验发现,miR-126 mimics使A549/DDP细胞中miR-126的表达上调了12.63倍(P=0.0013),并明显增加A549/DDP细胞对CDDP的敏感性及下调survivin和Bcl-2的表达;相反,miR-126 inhibitor能明显增加A549细胞对CDDP的耐受性及增加survivin和Bcl-2的表达.本研究结果提示,miR-126在非小细胞肺癌CDDP耐受细胞中的表达下调,上调miR-126的表达能增加耐药细胞对CDDP的敏感性. miR-126是逆转肺癌CDDP耐受的可能潜在靶标.     

截短型rhtBIGH3-(RGD)2蛋白通过上调miR-126 表达抑制 人脐静脉内皮细胞的生物活性

目的:探讨miR-126在截短型rhtBIGH3-(RGD)_2蛋白抑制HUVEC细胞生物学活性中的作用。方法:体外培养VEGF孵化的人脐静脉内皮细胞(VEGF-HUVEC),分别加入rhtBIGH3-(RGD)_2蛋白终浓度为0和100μg/mL,作用24、48、72 h条件下,分别检测Caspase-3活性和miR-126表达水平。在rhtBIGH3-(RGD)_2蛋白终浓度为0和100μg/mL时,分别加入miR-126 mimic和miR-126 inhibitor,作用VEGF-HUVEC 48 h后,Real-time PCR检测miR-126表达水平,通过检测Caspase-3活性来检测细胞凋亡情况。结果:在VEGF-HUVEC中,当rhtBIGH3-(RGD)_2蛋白终浓度为100μg/mL条件下,Caspase-3水平升高,miR-126表达水平升高,在48 h下达到最高峰。在VEGF-HUVEC中,当rhtBIGH3-(RGD)_2蛋白终浓度分别为100μg/mL条件下,加入miR-126mimic后,miR-126表达升高,Caspase-3水平升高;加入miR-126 inhibitor后,48 h后检测miR-126表达下降,Caspase-3水平也下降。结论:截短型rhtBIGH3-(RGD)_2蛋白通过上调miR-126表达从而促进细胞凋亡、抑制HUVEC生物活性,从而抑制角膜新生血管的发生     

恶性肿瘤中miR-143与其靶基因Bcl-2研究进展

miRNA是20~24个核苷酸长度的、非编码的单链小分子RNA,可通过抑制转录、翻译调控其他基因的表达。已有大量研究证明,miR-143在肿瘤的发展进程中发挥着重要作用。在许多恶性肿瘤中,miR-143的表达水平较癌旁正常组织均有不同程度的下调。相反,Bcl-2蛋白在恶性肿瘤中的表达水平明显高于组织。并且已有研究表明,Bcl-2是miR-143的作用靶位点之一。miR-143通过作用于Bcl-2的3'UTR,形成凋亡复合体,激活caspase-3,后逐渐引起一系列caspase级联反应,从而调控肿瘤细胞的凋亡。     

MiR-126 suppresses colon cancer cell proliferation and invasion via inhibiting RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway

Recent data strongly suggests the profound role of miRNAs in cancer progression. Here, we showed miR-126 expression was much lower in HCT116, SW620 and HT-29 colon cancer cells with highly metastatic potential and miR-126 downregulation was more frequent in colorectal cancers with metastasis. Restored miR-126 expression inhibited HT-29 cell growth, cell-cycle progression and invasion. Mechanically, microarray results combined with bioinformatic and experimental analysis demonstrated miR-126 exerted cancer suppressor role via inhibiting RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. These results suggest miR-126 function as a potential tumor suppressor in colon cancer progression and miR-126/RhoA/ROCK may be a novel candidate for developing rational therapeutic strategies.     

miR-126 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer cells proliferation by targeting EGFL7

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent an abundant group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, and have been demonstrated to play roles as tumor suppressor genes (oncogenes), and affect homeostatic processes such as development, cell proliferation, and cell death. Subsequently, epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7), which is confirmed to be involved in cellular responses such as cell migration and blood vessel formation, is identified as a potential miR-126 target by bioinformatics. However, there is still no evidence showing EGFL7’s relationship with miR-126 and the proliferation of lung cancer cells. The aim of this work is to investigate whether miR-126, together with EGFL7, have an effect on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells’ proliferation. Therefore, we constructed overexpressed miR-126 plasmid to target EGFL7 and transfected them into NSCLC cell line A549 cells. Then, we used methods like quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot, flow cytometry assay, and immunohistochemistry staining to confirm our findings. The result was that overexpression of miR-126 in A549 cells could increase EGFL7 expression. Furthermore, the most notable finding by cell proliferation related assays is that miR-126 can inhibit A549 cells proliferation in vitro and inhibit tumor growth in vivo by targeting EGFL7. As a result, our study demonstrates that miR-126 can inhibit proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells through one of its targets, EGFL7.     

Long non-coding RNA PVT1-5 promotes cell proliferation by regulating miR-126/SLC7A5 axis in lung cancer

Dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in the development of human cancers. The lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is reported to be an oncogene in a variety of cancers. However, the roles of PVT1-5 and its related miRNAs in lung cancer are poorly understood. In this study, we found that PVT1-5 expression was significantly increased in lung cancer tissues and cell lines. By using biotin-labeled lncRNA-PVT1-5 probe for miRNA in vivo precipitation (miRIP) in lung cancer cells and dual-luciferase reporterassays, we identified that miR-126 was associated with lncRNA-PVT1-5. Furthermore, knockdown of lncRNA-PVT1-5 in cells could down-regulate the expression of SLC7A5, the target of oncogenic miR-126, resulting in the cell proliferation. Conversely, inhibiting the expression of miR-126 markedly increased the expression of SLC7A5 and alleviated cell proliferation inhibition. Thus, our results indicated that lncRNA-PVT1-5 may function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-126 to promote cell proliferation by regulating the miR-126/SLC7A5 pathway, suggesting that lncRNA-PVT1-5 plays a crucial role in lung cancer progression and lncRNA-PVT1-5/miR-126/SLC7A5 regulatory network may shed light on tumorigenesis in lung cancer.     

Force-feeding malignant mesothelioma stem-cell like with exosome-delivered miR-126 induces tumour cell killing

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumour resistant to treatments. It has been postulated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) persist in tumours causing relapse after multimodality treatment. In the present study, a novel miRNA-based therapy approach is proposed. MPM-derived spheroids have been treated with exosome-delivered miR-126 (exo-miR) and evaluated for their anticancer effect. The exo-miR treatment increased MPM stem-cell like stemness and inhibited cell proliferation. However, at a prolonged time, the up taken miR-126 was released by the cells themselves through exosomes; the inhibition of exosome release by an exosome release inhibitor GW4869 induced miR-126 intracellular accumulation leading to massive cell death and in vivo tumour growth arrest. Autophagy is involved in these processes; miR-126 accumulation induced a protective autophagy and the inhibition of this process by GW4869 generates a metabolic crisis that promotes necroptosis, which was associated with PARP-1 over-expression and cyt-c and AIF release. Here, for the first time, we proposed a therapy against CSCs, a heterogeneous cell population involved in cancer development and relapse.     

MiR-126-3p inhibits ovarian cancer proliferation and invasion via targeting PLXNB2

Ovarian cancer is one of the leading malignancies in women and the 5-year survival rate of ovarian cancer still remains poor. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the interaction between the miR-126-3p and PLXNB2 in the progression of ovarian cancer. The qRT-PCR data revealed a reduction of miR-126-3p level in ovarian cancer tissues comparing to the adjacent normal tissues. Over-expression of miR-126-3p in ovarian cancer cells suppressed cell proliferation and invasion and the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2. The cell cycle assay results showed that the over-expression of miR-126-3p induced cells in G1-phase and reduced cells in S-phase. We further performed bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assay to investigate the relationship between miR-126-3p and PLXNB2 in ovarian cancer cells. The results of TargetScan suggested that PLXNB2 is a direct target of miR-126-3p in ovarian cancer cells, and luciferase assay confirmed bioinformatics prediction. Knocking down of PLXNB2 with PLXNB2 siRNA results in repressed ovarian cancer cell proliferation and invasion, and decreased phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2, which is similar to the effect of over-expression of miR-126-3p in OC cells. The synergistic effect of combination of miR-126-3p over-expression and PLXNB2 down-regulation on the cell growth viability, cell colony, and cell invasion was also identified. All these findings indicated that miR-126-3p is involved in the progression of ovarian cancer via direct regulating PLXNB2.     

MiR-126 acts as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer cells via the regulation of ADAM9

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical step for pancreatic cancer cells as an entry of metastatic disease. Wide variety of cytokines and signaling pathways are involved in this complex process while the entire picture is still cryptic. Recently, miRNA was found to regulate cellular function including EMT by targeting multiple mRNAs. We conducted comprehensive analysis of miRNA expression profiles in invasive ductal adenocarcinoma (IDA), intraductal papillary mucinous adenoma, intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma, and human pancreatic cancer cell line to elucidate essential miRNAs which regulate invasive growth of pancreatic cancer cells. Along with higher expression of miR-21 which has been shown to be highly expressed in IDA, reduced expression of miR-126 in IDA and pancreatic cancer cell line was detected. The miR-126 was found to target ADAM9 (disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 9) which is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer. The direct interaction between miR-126 and ADAM9 mRNA was confirmed by 3' untranslated region assay. Reexpression of miR-126 and siRNA-based knockdown of ADAM9 in pancreatic cancer cells resulted in reduced cellular migration, invasion, and induction of epithelial marker E-cadherin. We showed for the first time that the miR-126/ADAM9 axis plays essential role in the inhibition of invasive growth of pancreatic cancer cells.     

miR-126&126* Restored Expressions Play a Tumor Suppressor Role by Directly Regulating ADAM9 and MMP7 in Melanoma

The abnormal expression of several microRNAs has a causal role in tumorigenesis with either antineoplastic or oncogenic functions. Here we demonstrated that miR-126 and miR-126* play a tumor suppressor role in human melanoma through the direct or indirect repression of several key oncogenic molecules. The expression levels of miR-126&126* were elevated in normal melanocytes and primary melanoma cell lines, whereas they markedly declined in metastatic cells. Indeed, the restored expression of miR-126&126* in two advanced melanoma cell lines was accompanied by a significant reduction of proliferation, invasion and chemotaxis in vitro as well as of growth and dissemination in vivo. In accordance, the reverse functional effects were obtained by knocking down miR-126&126* by transfecting antisense LNA oligonucleotides in melanoma cells. Looking for the effectors of these antineoplastic functions, we identified ADAM9 and MMP7, two metalloproteases playing a pivotal role in melanoma progression, as direct targets of miR-126&126*. In addition, as ADAM9 and MMP7 share a role in the proteolytic cleavage of the HB-EGF precursor, we looked for the effectiveness of this regulatory pathway in melanoma, confirming the decrease of HB-EGF activation as a consequence of miR-126&126*-dependent downmodulation of ADAM9 and MMP7. Finally, gene profile analyses showed that miR-126&126* reexpression was sufficient to inactivate other key signaling pathways involved in the oncogenic transformation, as PI3K/AKT and MAPK, and to restore melanogenesis, as indicated by KIT/MITF/TYR induction. In view of this miR-126&126* wide-ranging action, we believe that the replacement of these microRNAs might be considered a promising therapeutic approach.