CD4＋CD25＋FoxP3＋调节性T细胞与黑龙江省HIV／AIDS患者病情相关性的研究

目的：比较黑龙江省H1V／AIDS患者与健康对照者（healthy controls,HCs）外周血cD4＋CD25＋F0xP3＋调节性T细胞数量、免疫抑制功能的变化,探讨CD4＋CD25＋FoxP3＋调节性T细胞在HIV／AIDS感染过程中的作用。方法：采用流式细胞仪检测21例HIV／AIDS患者及20例健康对照组的外周血CD4＋CD25＋FoxP3＋调节性T细胞数量的百分比及绝对数量;采用共同培养方法检测HIV／AIDS患者外周血cD4℃D25十FoxP3＋调节性T细胞免疫抑制功能的变化;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（RT-FQ-PCR）检测HIV／AIDS患者外周血CD4＋CD25＋FoxP3＋调节性T细胞中FoxP3mRNA的表达。结果：黑龙江省HIV／AIDS患者外周血CD4＋CD25下oxP3＋调节性T细胞比率明显高于HCs（P〈O．01）,而CD4-CD25＋FoxP3＋调节性T细胞的绝对计数显著下降,且与CD4＋T细胞绝对计数成反比;混合淋巴细胞共同培养结果显示,HIV／AIDS患者外周血CD4＋CD25＋FoxP3＋调节性T细胞的抑制功能无明显变化;HIV／AIDS患者外周血CD4＋CD25＋FoxP3＋调节性T细胞的FoxP3mRNA相对表达量无显著变化。结论：黑龙江省HIV／AIDS患者cD4℃D25＋FoxP3＋调节性T细胞的数量变化与病情相关。     

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞在自身免疫性肝炎发病中的作用

目的:比较自身免疫性肝炎(autoimmune hepatitis,AIH)患者与健康对照者(healthy controls,HCs)外周血CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(CD4+CD25+Tregs)数量、免疫抑制功能的变化,探讨CD4+CD25+Tregs参与AIH发病的可能机制.方法:采用流式细胞仪检测8例AIH患者及15例健康对照组的外周血CD4+CD25+Tregs数量的百分比及绝时数量;采用共同培养方法检测AIH患者外周血CD4+CD25+Tregs的免疫抑制功能的变化;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-FQ-PCR)检删AIH患者外周血CD4+CD25+Tregs中FoxP3mRNA的表达.结果:AIH患者外周血CD4+CD25+Tregs数量明显低于HCs(p<0.01);混合淋巴细胞共同培养结果显示,AIH患者外周血CD4+CD25+Tregs抑制功能明显低于HCs组(p<0.01);AIH患者外周血CD4+CD25+Tregs的FoxP3 mRNA相对表达量显著降低,与HCs组比较有显著性差异(p<0.01).结论:CD4+CD25+Tregs细胞的数量的减少和Foxp3表达的降低所造成的CD4+CD25+Tregs细胞免疫抑制功能受损可能是AIH发病的一个因素.     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者外周血中CD4+CD25+ 调节性T 细胞 亚群变化初探

目的:检测非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,NHL)患者外周血中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(CD4+CD25+regulatoryT cell,Treg)的改变,探讨Treg与NHL的相关性。方法:病例组(n=60)为本院收治的初诊NHL患者,对照组(n=60)为本院健康体检者,用流式细胞技术联合标记CD4、CD25检测对照组及病例组化疗前、化疗后的外周血中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的分布特点。结果:(1)病例组化疗前外周血中CD4+细胞比例显著低于对照组(P<0.05),CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05);(2)病例组化疗后,CD4+细胞比例明显高于化疗前(P<0.05),CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞比例明显低于化疗前(P<0.05);(3)病例组化疗后CD4+细胞比例与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),而CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者外周血中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞比例升高,存在机体免疫抑制,化疗可降低CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞比例。     

幽门螺杆菌感染者CD4~+ CD25~+调节性T细胞的检测及其相关性分析

目的检测幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)感染阳性的胃部疾病患者外周血中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)的百分含量及转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)的水平,探讨CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞在H.pylori感染中的免疫调节作用及意义。方法采用流式细胞术检测H.pylori感染的慢性浅表性胃炎、胃癌前病变和胃癌患者外周血中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的含量、CD4+CD25+T细胞中表达FOXP3的细胞比例;并采用ELISA方法检测H.pylori感染者血清中TGF-β1的含量,无H.pylori感染的患者作为阴性对照。结果 H.pylori感染的患者外周血中CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的百分含量及TGF-β1的水平较不伴有H.pylori感染的患者显著升高(P<0.05);H.pylori感染的浅表性胃炎、胃癌前病变及胃癌患者外周血中CD4+CD25+T淋巴细胞的百分含量及CD4+CD25+T细胞中表达FOXP3的细胞比例随病变严重程度的进展逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);H.pylori感染的患者血清中TGF-β1水平也随病变严重程度的进展逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 H.pylori感染可增加CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的含量和TGF-β1的水平;随着病变严重程度的进展,CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的含量和TGF-β1的水平逐渐升高,CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞百分含量和TGF-β1水平可作为临床判断病情进展的指标。     

SLE带状疱疹患者外周血CD4~+CD28~+和CD4~+CD25~+FoxP3~+调节性T细胞的表达及相关性研究

目的:检测系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)合并带状疱疹患者外周血CD4~+CD28~+和CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+调节性T细胞的表达及相关性,探讨其在SLE合并带状疱疹发病中的临床意义。方法:采用流式细胞术检测30例SLE患者、30例SLE合并带状疱疹患者及30例健康对照者外周血中CD4~+/CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群表面CD28的表达及CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+Treg细胞的表达水平,并分析SLE合并带状疱疹患者外周血CD4~+CD28~+和CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+调节性T细胞表达的相关性。结果:SLE合并带状疱疹组患者急性期外周血CD4~+T淋巴细胞比率、绝对计数显著降低,CD4~+、CD8~+T淋巴细胞表面的CD28表达下调,CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+Treg细胞水平显著高于SLE组及健康对照组,SLE合并带状疱疹组患者外周血CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+Treg水平与CD4~+CD28~+水平成负相关(P均0.05)。结论:SLE合并带状疱疹患者CD4~+、CD8~+T细胞活化异常,CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+Treg细胞可能参与抑制了T细胞的活化。     

TGF-β/Smad信号通路在艾滋病患者CD8+T细胞功能损害中的作用

探讨TGF-β/Smad信号通路在艾滋病患者CD8+T细胞功能损害中的作用。在HIV感染者(CD4+T细胞计数≥200个/μL)和艾滋病病人(CD4+T细胞计数200个/μL)中各抽取30例,另以30例健康成人为对照。取研究对象的外周静脉血,流式细胞术检测CD8+T细胞CD28分子和磷酸化Smad2/3蛋白(p-Smad2/3),酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测血浆中TGF-β1、IFN-γ和TNF-α。健康人、HIV感染者和AIDS病人CD8+CD28+双阳性细胞占CD8+T细胞的比例分别为47.75%、47.40%和36.20%(中位数),AIDS病人低于正常人和HIV感染者(P0.05);p-Smad2/3阳性CD8+T细胞占CD8+T细胞的比例分别为79.15%、55.60%和60.60%(中位数),HIV感染者和AIDS病人低于健康人(P0.05);血浆TNF-α分别为(147.92±1.47)pg/mL、(60.04±1.78)pg/mL和(54.43±2.03)pg/mL,HIV感染者和AIDS病人低于健康人(P0.05);血浆TGF-β1和IFN-γ的组间差异无统计学意义。TGF-β/Smad信号通路可能参与了艾滋病患者CD8+T细胞的异常激活与功能损害。     

CD4~+ CD25~+调节性T细胞与肿瘤免疫的研究进展

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞是CD4+T细胞的一个重要亚群,具有免疫抑制和免疫无能两大功能。CD4+CD25+T细胞与自身免疫性疾病的发生、移植耐受具有密切关联。近几年的研究表明,CD4+CD25+T细胞与肿瘤的发生发展和转归亦有着密切联系。本文就调节性T细胞的作用机制及特点与肿瘤免疫的关系作一综述。     

CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞在病毒感染中的免疫调节机制

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的主要功能是抑制自身反应性T细胞,主要通过细胞与细胞间直接接触和分泌抑制性细胞因子发挥作用,其在维持机体T细胞内环境稳定、调节和保持对自身抗原耐受之间的平衡以及移植免疫耐受方面具有重要作用。新近研究发现,CD4+CD25+Treg数量和功能异常与病毒感染性疾病的发生、发展关系密切。本文就CD4+CD25+Treg作用机制及其在病毒感染性疾病中的作用进行综述。     

口服卡介菌诱导免疫耐受的CD4+CD25+调节性T 细胞机制研究

目的:研究口服卡介菌诱导免疫耐受对CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的影响。方法:采用口服MPB制备EAE大鼠模型,随机分为BCG组(0.5mg/kg)和EAE模型组(PBS),每组各15只,连续经口灌服给药14d,同时选取15只健康大鼠作为对照组。分别于免疫后15d、27d流式细胞术检测外周血、胸腺及脾脏中CD4+CD25+T淋巴细胞百分率,ELISA检测血清IL-6、TGF-β、IgE、IgG含量。结果:与EAE模型组相比,免疫后BCG组大鼠外周血、胸腺及脾脏中CD4+CD25+T淋巴细胞百分率增加,血清IL-6、TGF-β含量上升,血清IgE、IgG抗体水平下降。结论:口服BCG通过上调淋巴器官中CD4+CD25+T淋巴细胞比例,抑制效应性T细胞活性,发挥免疫耐受作用。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者外周血CD4+CD25+CD127(Low/-)调节性T细胞的检测及临床意义

目的:研究CD4+CD25+CD127(Low/-)节性T细胞在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性发作期外周血中的比例改变及其临床意义.方法:以25例COPD急性发作期患者外周血为研究组,20名正常人外周血作为对照组,采用三色直接荧光素标记法和多参数流式细胞仪检测外周血CD4+CD25+CD127(Low/-)调节性T细胞的比例,同时检测外周血C-反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR)、免疫球蛋白(Ig)等水平.结果:COPD急性发作期患者外周血CD4+CD25+CD127(Low/-)调节性T细胞占外周血CD4+淋巴细胞的比例明显低于健康对照组(P＜0.01).而COPD急性发作期患者外周血CRP、ESR、Ig等水平明显高于健康对照组(P＜0.05).COPD患者外周血调节T细胞下降与CRP和IgG升高成负相关.结论:COPD患者外周血CD4+CD25+CD127(Low/-)调节性T细胞在CD4+T淋巴细胞的比例明显减少,调节性T细胞等免疫调节因素可能在COPD的发病机制发挥重要作用.     

Rapamycin promotes expansion of functional CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells of both healthy subjects and type 1 diabetic patients

CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) are pivotal for the induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance in both mice and humans. Rapamycin has been shown to promote tolerance in experimental models and to favor CD4+CD25+ Treg-dependent suppression. We recently reported that rapamycin allows in vitro expansion of murine CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs, which preserve their suppressive function. In the current study, we show that activation of human CD4+ T cells from healthy subjects in the presence of rapamycin leads to growth of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs and to selective depletion of CD4+CD25- T effector cells, which are highly sensitive to the antiproliferative effect of the compound. The rapamycin-expanded Tregs suppress proliferation of both syngeneic and allogeneic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, rapamycin promotes expansion of functional CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs also in type 1 diabetic patients, in whom a defect in freshly isolated CD4+CD25+ Tregs has been reported. The capacity of rapamycin to allow growth of functional CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs, but also to deplete T effector cells, can be exploited for the design of novel and safe in vitro protocols for cellular immunotherapy in T cell-mediated diseases.     

Expansion of CD4+CD25+ helper T cells without regulatory function in smoking and COPD

Background

Regulatory T cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD by the increased expression of CD25 on helper T cells along with enhanced intracellular expression of FoxP3 and low/absent CD127 expression on the cell surface.

Method

Regulatory T cells were investigated in BALF from nine COPD subjects and compared to fourteen smokers with normal lung function and nine never-smokers.

Results

In smokers with normal lung function, the expression of CD25⁺CD4⁺ was increased, whereas the proportions of FoxP3⁺ and CD127⁺ were unchanged compared to never-smokers. Among CD4⁺ cells expressing high levels of CD25, the proportion of FoxP3⁺ cells was decreased and the percentage of CD127⁺ was increased in smokers with normal lung function. CD4⁺CD25⁺ cells with low/absent CD127 expression were increased in smokers with normal lung function, but not in COPD, when compared to never smokers.

Conclusion

The reduction of FoxP3 expression in BALF from smokers with normal lung function indicates that the increase in CD25 expression is not associated with the expansion of regulatory T cells. Instead, the high CD127 and low FoxP3 expressions implicate a predominantly non-regulatory CD25⁺ helper T-cell population in smokers and stable COPD. Therefore, we suggest a smoking-induced expansion of predominantly activated airway helper T cells that seem to persist after COPD development.     

Deficient CD4+CD25high T regulatory cell function in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus

CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory cells (Tregs) play an essential role in maintaining immunologic homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by a loss of tolerance to nuclear components. We hypothesized that altered function of CD4(+)CD25(high) Tregs might play a role in the breakdown of immunologic self-tolerance in patients with SLE. In this study, we report a significant decrease in the suppressive function of CD4(+)CD25(high) Tregs from peripheral blood of patients with active SLE as compared with normal donors and patients with inactive SLE. Notably, CD4(+)CD25(high) Tregs isolated from patients with active SLE expressed reduced levels of FoxP3 mRNA and protein and poorly suppressed the proliferation and cytokine secretion of CD4(+) effector T cells in vitro. In contrast, the expression of FoxP3 mRNA and protein and in vitro suppression of the proliferation of CD4(+) effector T cells by Tregs isolated from inactive SLE patients, was comparable to that of normal individuals. In vitro activation of CD4(+)CD25(high) Tregs from patients with active SLE increased FoxP3 mRNA and protein expression and restored their suppressive function. These data are the first to demonstrate a reversible defect in CD4(+)CD25(high) Treg function in patients with active SLE, and suggest that strategies to enhance the function of these cells might benefit patients with this autoimmune disease.     

Low frequency of CD8+CD25+FOXP3(BRIGHT) T cells and FOXP3 mRNA expression in the peripheral blood of allergic asthma patients

The aim of this study is to determine whether frequencies of CD8+CD25+ T cells and FoxP3 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels in CD8+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood are related to allergic asthma and disease severity. We enrolled 50 patients with allergic asthma (AA) and 25 healthy control subjects (NC) in our study. The frequencies of CD8+CD25+FoxP3 -/+ T cells were assessed with flow cytometry, and mRNA FoxP3 level in CD8+ T cells was determined with real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Asthma patients had fewer CD8+CD25+FoxP3bright T cells [SA (median = 3.4%, IQR = 3.1) vs MA (median = 7.5%, IQR = 4.7)] than controls NC [median = 12.1 %, IQR = 8, P < 0.0001] but more CD8+CD25+FoxP3- T cells [SA (median = 96 %, IQR = 3.1) vs MA (median = 92.5%, IQR = 4.7)] than controls NC [median = 87.9%, IQR = 9.2, P < 0.0001]. FoxP3 mRNA level was significantly decreased in CD8+ T cells of severe asthma patients (median = 0.82, IQR = 0.54) than that of patients with mild to moderate asthma and controls [(median = 2.29, IQR = 4.40) vs (median = 2.11, IQR = 3.2)]. The percentage of FoxP3+ T cells was correlated positively with the percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (r = 0.71, p< 0.01) in patients with severe asthma. The proportion of CD8+CD25+FoxP3bright T cells and the level of FOXP3 gene expression in CD8+ T cells are relevant to allergic asthma and disease severity. The manipulation of FoxP3+CD25+CD8+ T cells may prevent chronic allergic inflammation and improve lung function during an acute allergic asthma exacerbation.     

Increased Sensitivity of CD4+ T-Effector Cells to CD4+CD25+ Treg Suppression Compensates for Reduced Treg Number in Asymptomatic HIV-1 Infection

Background

In HIV infection, uncontrolled immune activation and disease progression is attributed to declining CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T-cell (Treg) numbers. However, qualitative aspects of Treg function in HIV infection, specifically the balance between Treg cell suppressive potency versus suppressibility of effector cells, remain poorly understood. This report addresses this issue.

Methodology/Principal Findings

A classic suppression assay to measure CD4+CD45RO+CD25hi Treg cells to suppress the proliferation of CD4+CD45RO+CD25− effectors cells (E) following CD3/CD28 polyclonal stimulation was employed to compare the suppressive ability of healthy volunteers (N = 27) and chronic, asymptomatic, treatment naïve, HIV-infected subjects (N = 14). HIV-infected subjects displayed significantly elevated Treg-mediated suppression compared to healthy volunteers (p = 0.0047). Cross-over studies comparing Treg cell potency from HIV-infected versus control subjects to suppress the proliferation of a given population of allogeneic effector cells demonstrated increased sensitivity of CD4+CD25− effector cells from HIV-infected subjects to be suppressed, associated with reduced production of the Treg counter-regulatory cytokine, IL-17, rather than an increase in the suppressive potential of their CD4+CD25+ Treg cells. However, compared to controls, HIV+ subjects had significantly fewer absolute numbers of circulating CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells. In vitro studies highlighted that one mechanism for this loss could be the preferential infection of Treg cells by HIV.

Conclusions/Significance

Together, novel data is provided to support the contention that elevated Treg-mediated suppression may be a natural host response to HIV infection     

CD127 and CD25 expression defines CD4+ T cell subsets that are differentially depleted during HIV infection

Decreased CD4(+) T cell counts are the best marker of disease progression during HIV infection. However, CD4(+) T cells are heterogeneous in phenotype and function, and it is unknown how preferential depletion of specific CD4(+) T cell subsets influences disease severity. CD4(+) T cells can be classified into three subsets by the expression of receptors for two T cell-tropic cytokines, IL-2 (CD25) and IL-7 (CD127). The CD127(+)CD25(low/-) subset includes IL-2-producing naive and central memory T cells; the CD127(-)CD25(-) subset includes mainly effector T cells expressing perforin and IFN-gamma; and the CD127(low)CD25(high) subset includes FoxP3-expressing regulatory T cells. Herein we investigated how the proportions of these T cell subsets are changed during HIV infection. When compared with healthy controls, HIV-infected patients show a relative increase in CD4(+)CD127(-)CD25(-) T cells that is related to an absolute decline of CD4(+)CD127(+)CD25(low/-) T cells. Interestingly, this expansion of CD4(+)CD127(-) T cells was not observed in naturally SIV-infected sooty mangabeys. The relative expansion of CD4(+)CD127(-)CD25(-) T cells correlated directly with the levels of total CD4(+) T cell depletion and immune activation. CD4(+)CD127(-)CD25(-) T cells were not selectively resistant to HIV infection as levels of cell-associated virus were similar in all non-naive CD4(+) T cell subsets. These data indicate that, during HIV infection, specific changes in the fraction of CD4(+) T cells expressing CD25 and/or CD127 are associated with disease progression. Further studies will determine whether monitoring the three subsets of CD4(+) T cells defined based on the expression of CD25 and CD127 should be used in the clinical management of HIV-infected individuals.