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1.
环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是近年来RNA领域最新的研究热点.它是一类由特殊的选择性剪切产生且在真核细胞中广泛表达的环形内源性RNA分子.研究发现,circRNA富含microRNA(miRNA)结合位点,可以发挥竞争性内源RNA作用,作为miRNA"海绵"来解除对其靶基因的抑制效应.近年来,circRNA作为一种新型调控分子调控miRNA功能的发挥,受到众多研究者的青睐.本文综述circRNA的产生机制,及其调控miRNA的最新研究进展与研究方法等.  相似文献   

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环状RNA(circRNA)是一类具有环状结构的非编码RNA(noncoding RNAs, ncRNA),广泛存在于多种生物细胞中,具有结构稳定、序列保守及细胞或组织特异性表达等特征。已被证实circRNA在许多癌症中存在表达异常,参与了恶性肿瘤的发生发展。CircRNA在细胞中的分布与其功能发挥密切相关。研究表明,胞核分布的circRNA可以参与调节mRNA转录和表观遗传调控,胞质分布的circRNA具有充当"miRNA海绵"、与RNA结合蛋白结合、影响蛋白质翻译、编码蛋白质等功能。本文对circ RNA在肿瘤中发挥的相关生物学功能进行综述,以期为后续研究提供一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

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环状RNA(circular RNA, circRNA)是一类特殊的非编码RNA类型,在真核生物细胞和人体转录本中大量存在。circRNA是由前体信使RNA(pre-mRNA)反向剪接形成的共价闭合环状RNA分子,通过充当微核糖核酸(microRNA, miRNA)"海绵"、与蛋白质结合、参与基因转录调控和蛋白质翻译等发挥其生物学作用。随着对circRNA研究的日益增多,已有研究人员报道了circRNA在免疫细胞中的作用。现对circRNA的形成、分类、生物学特性、功能及其在巨噬细胞中的作用作一概述。  相似文献   

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环状RNA的生物学功能及其在疾病发生中的作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)主要包括由外显子转录本构成的、经非线性反向剪接形成的内源性RNA分子和内含子来源的环状RNA分子等两类。研究发现,circRNA在人体细胞中广泛表达,在转录后水平具有调控基因表达的重要功能。有些circRNA具有天然微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)海绵作用,可通过与miRNA结合而抑制其活性,从而调控miRNA靶标发挥作用。circRNA在动脉粥样硬化、神经系统紊乱、糖尿病和肿瘤等疾病发生过程中起着较为重要的作用,深入研究circRNA的结构和功能可使我们更好地了解疾病的发生机制,提高相关疾病的预防和诊断水平。文章就circRNA的形成、功能及其在疾病发生中的作用等做一综述。  相似文献   

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随着高通量测序技术的发展,环状RNA (circular RNA, circRNA)逐渐成为非编码RNA研究领域的热点。CircRNA是由3′端下游供体和5′端上游受体经反向剪接形成的共价闭合环状分子,普遍存在于真核生物中。CircRNA过去被认为是错误剪接的副产物,近年来相关研究爆炸式增长,才将这种错误概念推翻。相较于动物中的大量研究,植物circRNA的研究还处于起步阶段。文中从植物circRNA的发现引入,总结了植物circRNA的环化特征、表达特异性、保守性和稳定性等特征;关注了circRNA的鉴定工具、主要类型和生成机制;归纳了植物circRNA作为microRNA(miRNA)海绵和翻译模板的潜在功能,以及在生物/非生物胁迫应答中的重要作用;简单概括了植物circRNA的降解与定位。最后讨论了植物circRNA研究存在的问题并对进一步开展植物circRNA研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

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近年来环状RNA (circular RNA, circRNA)与心血管疾病的关联已成为国内外学者的研究热点。该文对circRNA的生物合成及其生物学功能进行了概述,并着重综述了在心血管疾病的发生发展中,circRNA作为微小RNA (microRNA, miRNA)的"海绵",竞争性抑制miRNA与mRNA的结合,通过circRNAmiRNA-mRNA网络发挥重要调控作用的相关研究进展,为circRNA成为心血管疾病的生物学靶点提供科学依据。  相似文献   

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环状RNA(circRNA)是一类由mRNA前体经反向可变剪切而来的共价闭合且保守的单链转录本,通过miRNA海绵功能、干扰可变剪切、结合蛋白等方式调控源基因及线性mRNA的表达。测序结果显示,circRNA广泛存在于不同的植物体内,通过细胞类型特异性表达以及组织特异性表达参与花发育、果实成熟、逆境响应等多个生命过程,在植物发育过程中发挥着重要作用。本文综述了植物circRNA的形成机制、鉴定方法、数据库、表达模式以及潜在的生物学功能,通过与动物相关研究结果的比较,概括了植物circRNA的结构特征和调控潜能,以期为植物circRNA研究提供参考。  相似文献   

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环状RNA(circRNA)广泛存在于各种生物细胞中,具有结构稳定、丰度高和组织特异性表达等特征。最近的研究表明,一些circRNA作为竞争性内源NRNA(ceRNA)来发挥基因表达调控的作用。circRNA利用其microRNA(miRNA)应答元件结合miRNA,以阻断miRNA对其靶标表达的抑制作用,从而调控其他相关RNA的表达水平。circRNA在基因表达调控中重要作用的发现不仅丰富了人们对ceRNAiN控网络的认识,而且提示circRNA在药物开发和疾病诊治中具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

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环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一种新型非编码RNA,由mRNA在转录后加工过程中反向剪接形成。不同于线性RNA,circRNA是以共价键连接形成的闭合环状结构,缺少5?末端帽子和3?末端poly(A)尾巴结构。circRNA可作为miRNA(microRNA)的分子海绵,也可在细胞发生过程中发挥多种功能。此外,circRNA在机体免疫调控过程中也扮演了重要角色,参与了多种疾病的发生发展,因此对circRNA的深入探索可为治疗人类疾病提供重要的理论依据。该文就circRNA的生物合成、分类和功能作综述,重点讨论circRNA对病毒感染的调控机制以及circRNA作为病毒检测标记物和药物靶点的研究进展,从而为病毒性疾病的诊断提供新的参考依据和方向。  相似文献   

10.
黄振利  熊维宁 《生理学报》2020,72(5):586-596
支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)是一种以气道炎性反应、高反应性及气道重塑为特征的慢性炎症性疾病,T细胞在其中发挥着至关重要的作用。非编码RNA (non-coding RNA, ncRNA)是转录组中不编码蛋白质的RNA分子,主要包括微小RNA (microRNA,miRNA)、长链非编码RNA (long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)、环状RNA (circular RNA, circRNA)等,广泛存在于真核生物基因组中,参与调控多种生物学过程。已有研究表明,ncRNA在哮喘T细胞的活化及转换等过程中起着重要作用,其具体作用机制及临床应用值得深入探讨。本文综合分析了近年来miRNA、lncRNA和circRNA在哮喘T细胞功能调控中的研究进展,为更好地理解哮喘发病机制和提高诊断水平提供新思路,同时也为利用ncRNA的调节潜能开发治疗策略提供理论依据。  相似文献   

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Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.  相似文献   

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Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.  相似文献   

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Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.  相似文献   

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正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases  相似文献   

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