广东北部亚热带雨林两栖动物物种多样性及其保护

广东北部亚热带雨林年积温高、降水量大、地形地貌复杂、气候类型多样 ,有利于两栖动物繁衍。有两栖动物 37种 ,隶属 2目 8科 1 9属 ,其中莽山角蟾、黑耳水蛙、小棘蛙为广东省分布新纪录。区系成分以华中 华南区的成分占优势 ,古北 东洋界种、华中成分也渗透到本带中 ,其中棘胸蛙、虎纹蛙等保护形势严峻。     

广东象头山国家级自然保护区两栖动物多样性及保护研究

2007年3月～2009年7月, 对广东象头山国家级自然保护区两栖动物现状进行了专项研究.结果表明,该保护区现已记录两栖动物有1目6科21种,占广东省两栖类物种数的34.4%,区系组成以东洋界华中区和华南区共有种为主,占57.1%.保护区有国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物虎纹蛙Hoplobatrachus rugulosa,以及广东省重点保护野生动物沼水蛙Hylarana guentheri和棘胸蛙Paa spinosa.根据保护区两栖类的受胁因素,提出了相应的保护建议.     

广东北部亚热带雨林西栖动物物种多样性及其保护

广东北部亚热带雨林年积温高,降水量大,地形地貌复杂,气修类型多样,有利于两栖动物繁衍,有两栖动物37种,隶属2目8科19属,其中莽山角蟾,黑耳水,小棘蛙为广东省分布新纪录,区系成分以华中－华南区的成分占优势,古北－东洋界种,华中成分也渗透到本带中,其中棘胸蛙,虎纹蛙等保护形势严峻。     

江西武夷山国家级自然保护区两栖动物多样性初报

2006年7月对江西武夷山国家级自然保护区进行了野外调查.该保护区共有两栖动物28种,隶属于2目8科18属.其中广布种3种,占10.7%,其余25种均为东洋界种类,比例高达89.3%.东洋界种类中,华中区物种有9种,占32.2%;属华中华南区共同分布的有16种,占57.1%.该区以蛙科为优势科,其中又以臭蛙属和水蛙属为优势属.考察中发现了九龙棘蛙和武夷湍蛙两个江西省两栖动物新纪录,至此江西省两栖动物种类增至41种.     

广西北部湾海陆交错带两栖动物对生境的选择

2011年9¹0月和2012年510月和2012年5⁶月对广西北部湾海陆交错带两栖动物进行调查,15种生境中发现两栖动物1目5科17种,共1823只。区系特征以华中区和华南区共同分布种为主。海陆交错带中两栖动物优势种为泽陆蛙(优势度值0.43390)和黑眶蟾蜍(优势度值0.10477),不同生境中优势种组成与优势地位不同。草地、临时水域、溪流3种生境中Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数相对较高,林分生境中Pielou指数较高,红树林生境中3种指数均最低。不同生境的相似系数处于0.0006月对广西北部湾海陆交错带两栖动物进行调查,15种生境中发现两栖动物1目5科17种,共1823只。区系特征以华中区和华南区共同分布种为主。海陆交错带中两栖动物优势种为泽陆蛙(优势度值0.43390)和黑眶蟾蜍(优势度值0.10477),不同生境中优势种组成与优势地位不同。草地、临时水域、溪流3种生境中Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数相对较高,林分生境中Pielou指数较高,红树林生境中3种指数均最低。不同生境的相似系数处于0.000⁰.833之间,其中农地与临时水域的相似度最高(0.833)。不同两栖动物物种对于不同生境具有较强的选择性,其中对农地、草地、临时水域3种生境选择性较高。     

湖南西洞庭湖国家级自然保护区两栖动物多样性调查研究

为了解湖南西洞庭湖国家级自然保护区两栖动物的资源状况及受威胁因素,于2016—2018年选取保护区内典型生境,设置10条样线开展实地调查,记录样线内环境因子、两栖动物种类和数量及威胁因子。结果显示:共记录两栖动物14种,隶属1目5科8属,占湖南省已记录68种两栖动物的20.59%;区系组成多为东洋界种类,其中,东洋界华中区、华南区共有种9种,占64.29%;东洋界华中区、华南区、西南区共有种4种,占28.57%;被列为国家II级重点保护野生动物的有虎纹蛙(Hoplobatrachus chinensis)。经过计算分析,记录到的两栖动物Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数分别为1.445 4和0.649 1,Pielou均匀度为0.149 4。相关性分析表明,不同月份两栖动物的物种丰富度及相对多度与环境因子均无显著相关性。湖南西洞庭湖国家级自然保护区两栖动物资源较丰富,但分布不均匀,多种人为干扰因素对该地区两栖动物多样性具有潜在影响。     

广西底定自然保护区两栖爬行动物物种多样性调查

广西底定自然保护区地处南亚热带湿润气候区,两栖爬行动物物种多样性相当丰富。经实地调查及文献资料查阅,现已知两栖动物22种、爬行动物23种。两栖动物反映华中华南区系特征,优势科为角蟾科和蛙科,均有6种;爬行动物反映华南区系特征,优势科为游蛇科,有11种。就该保护区内两栖爬行动物多样性的保护与管理进行了简要探讨。     

贵州金沙县、大方县福建柏自然保护区两栖动物调查

1991年、1992年、1999年、2003年、2004年,先后对贵州金沙县、大方县福建柏自然保护区两栖动物进行了调查,该林区两栖动物计有2目8科13属16种和亚种。其区系组成以无尾目蛙科占主体。区系特征以华中华南区成分为主,有6种,占37．5％;华中区成分居次,有4种,占25％;西南区成分、占北界及东洋界广布种各3种,分别占18．75％。其区系成分既不同于黔西高原中山省,也不同于黔北中山峡谷省,属西南区成分向华中区成分过渡的区域。     

河南黄柏山国家森林公园两栖动物多样性调查

2008 ～2010年采用踏查法和访问法对河南省黄柏山国家森林公园两栖动物资源进行调查.结果显示,黄柏山国家森林公园现有两栖动物21种,隶属于2目7科16属;区系组成以东洋界成分为主;蛙科( Ranidae)为优势科,中华蟾蜍指名亚种(Bufo gargarizans gargarizans)、黑斑侧褶蛙(Peloph...     

广东省鼎湖山两栖动物多样性初步研究

鼎湖山两栖动物有16种,隶属2目6科9属。华中华南区种类占优势有10种,为62.5%;华南区4种,为25.0％;华中区2种,为12.5％。从该地区两栖动物区系、分布及种类组成相似性分析为华中我向华南区过渡地带。加强对两栖动物保护,对维护该地区森林生态平衡、对生物多样性研究具有重要价值。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.