大孔吸附树脂对苜蓿皂苷的吸附和解吸附作用(英文)

采用5种不同极性的树脂(AB-8、S-8、NKA-9、D-101和X-5)来评价对苜蓿皂苷的吸附和解吸附作用,其中中等极性的AB-8树脂对苜蓿皂苷具有最大的吸附量,用55%~65%的乙醇溶液能有效地将吸附的皂苷洗脱下来。当苜蓿粗提物量和AB-8树脂量为1∶1时,树脂的吸附量达到饱和。采用AB-8树脂,用90%乙醇洗脱,苜蓿提取物的最大解吸附量为108.4 mg/g干重树脂。通过大孔树脂吸附和解吸附,将90%乙醇洗脱液浓缩,皂苷含量(53%)是苜蓿粗提物含量(5.68%)的9倍。结果表明,AB-8大孔吸附树脂可用于苜蓿皂苷的大规模制备。     

虎眼万年青总皂苷的纯化及抗氧化活性研究

对虎眼万年青总皂苷的纯化工艺及抗氧化活性进行研究。以比吸附量和比洗脱量为指标,筛选大孔树脂型号,进一步优化工艺条件。结果表明,AB-8型大孔树脂对虎眼万年青总皂苷具有良好的吸附和洗脱效果,最佳纯化条件为药材量与树脂用量比不超过7∶1,用水、30%乙醇除杂,70%乙醇洗脱,在此条件下得到的虎眼万年青总皂苷纯度为55.18%。对纯化后虎眼万年青总皂苷的抗氧化活性进行研究,发现虎眼万年青总皂苷对羟自由基、超氧自由基阴离子和DPPH自由基的IC_(50)分别为2.43、2.28和0.05 mg/m L,具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

大孔吸附树脂法去除山银花总皂苷的工艺研究

本文采用大孔吸附树脂法对山银花总皂苷的去除工艺进行了研究。以山银花总皂苷含量为指标,比较了4种大孔树脂对山银花总皂苷的吸附和解吸附性能,并对优选出的树脂进行吸附工艺参数的优化。结果表明,HPD-100型大孔树脂具有较好的吸附性能,其最佳吸附工艺条件为:药液上样浓度0.65 g/m L,流速2 m L/min,药液p H值为4,吸附12 h。经蒸馏水和30%乙醇洗脱各5 BV后,收集两者的洗脱液,总皂苷去除率和总咖啡酰奎宁酸富集率均接近90%,确定了本实验所建立的方法能有效去除山银花总皂苷,富集总咖啡酰奎宁酸。     

AB-8型树脂对无患子皂苷的动态吸附与解吸性能

采用单因素实验法,以树脂的饱和吸附量、产品的得率及纯度为指标,考察各因素对动态吸附与解吸的影响,优化大孔树脂动态吸附分离无患子皂苷的工艺条件。结果表明,当pH为4.5的无患子皂苷水提液以流速1 mL/min通过高径比为5.4∶1的吸附柱时,AB-8树脂对无患子皂苷的饱和吸附量达568 mg/g;采用1.5 BV的95%乙醇以1 mL/min的流速洗脱吸附后的树脂,产品得率为83.48%、纯度达93.00%;树脂重复使用8次后其吸附解吸性能基本不变。该方法可以用于无患子皂苷的工业化分离提纯。     

紫玉簪活性甾体皂苷的制备工艺研究

采用HPLC技术,对紫玉簪中具有抑制5α-还原酶、抗白色念珠菌的活性甾体皂苷进行了制备方法研究。经单因素考察、结合正交实验,确定甾体皂苷最佳提取方法为:紫玉簪根加14倍量水,回流提取2次,每次0.5h,得皂苷提取物。进一步经单因素考察,确定最佳纯化方法为:皂苷提取物按1∶20的量上D101大孔树脂柱,径高比为1∶12,先用40%乙醇洗脱10 BV(床体积)除去水溶性杂质后,80%乙醇洗脱12 BV得粗皂苷;粗皂苷再经D101柱层析,50%乙醇洗脱3 BV后,70%乙醇洗脱3 BV即得精制皂苷。所得精制皂苷纯度高、活性好,其中单一甾体皂苷含量即大于50%,具有显著抑制5α-还原酶活性(IC50=17.3μg/m L)以及抗白色念珠菌作用(IC50=29.1μg/m L)。     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化番石榴叶总黄酮的研究

考察大孔吸附树脂吸附分离番石榴叶总黄酮的工艺条件.以静态饱和吸附量、静态洗脱率、动态饱和吸附量、动态洗脱率为考察指标,比较了D101、AB-8两种大孔树脂分离纯化番石榴叶总黄酮的优劣.又以总黄酮回收率为指标,对最佳树脂吸附工艺参数进行了研究.在考察的2种树脂中,AB-8型树脂最适于番石榴叶总黄酮的分离纯化,其工艺条件为:4倍树脂体积50%乙醇洗脱,速度2mL/min.树脂可重复使用4次.其平均总黄酮回收率为87.47%.所得总黄酮纯度为74.03%     

蜜环菌糖复合物AMP-2内黄酮类成分分离条件的研究

选用4种大孔树脂对蜜环菌AMP-2进行静态和动态吸附试验,比较其吸附率与解吸率,确定分离AMP-2内黄酮的最佳大孔树脂;通过正交试验L9(34)确定最佳的洗脱条件。研究结果表明最佳大孔树脂为AB-8;最佳参数条件为柱径高比1:10、洗脱浓度60%的乙醇、洗脱体积位200mL;同时发现经过最佳分离方案后所得AMP-2b内的黄酮含量比AMP-2提高近1倍。     

鸡枞发酵菌粉中皂苷的大孔树脂分离纯化

目的:研究大孔吸附树脂纯化鸡枞皂苷的方法.方法:采用分光光度法测定鸡枞皂甙的含量,分别考察了树脂种类、样品液浓度、pH值、吸附流速、洗脱剂浓度对鸡枞皂甙分离纯化的影响.结果:HPD-450树脂最适合鸡枞皂苷的纯化.工艺条件为:洗脱剂乙醇的体积分数为40%,吸附流速为1～2mL/min,样品液浓度为2.5～4.0mg/mL,样品液pH值为5～7.采用HPD-450大孔吸附树脂对鸡枞皂甙进行纯化效果最优.结论:在上述条件下,大孔树脂可用于鸡枞皂甙的分离纯化.     

大孔吸附树脂对海边月见草总黄酮的吸附及解吸特性

通过比较3种大孔吸附树脂对海边月见草(O enothera littaralisSchlect.)总黄酮的吸附能力,选择了吸附量较大且易洗脱的树脂AB-8,研究了提取液浓度、pH值对该树脂静态吸附能力的影响,以及洗脱剂种类、乙醇浓度对动态解吸能力的影响。结果表明,AB-8树脂对海边月见草总黄酮有良好的吸附纯化性能,当原液浓度为1.076mg.mL-1时,树脂达饱和吸附量36.11 mg.g-1;提取液pH值对该树脂的吸附能力影响显著,pH值达4.0~4.5时树脂吸附量最大;用60%乙醇为洗脱剂,流速为1 mL.m in-1,总黄酮的动态洗脱率达83.41%,获得的总黄酮纯度为24.13%,得率3.54%;而30%乙醇(6倍柱床体积)和50%乙醇(6倍柱床体积)组合是最佳动态洗脱剂。     

大孔吸附树脂分离富集苜蓿皂甙的研究

本项工作以对苜蓿皂甙的吸附量和解吸率为指标筛选大孔吸附树脂。研究结果表明,X-5吸附树脂具有较好的吸附性能和解吸效果。研究应用正交试验方法进一步对大孔吸附树脂分离纯化苜蓿皂甙的工艺条件进行试验分析,确定苜蓿皂甙分离富集的最佳操作条件为:上样浓度8mg/mL,色谱柱的径高比1∶7,药材-树脂比例1∶3;吸附完全后,先以水洗脱,除去杂质,再以50%乙醇洗脱,可以得到纯度较好的苜蓿皂甙。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Similar aerosol emission rates and viral loads in upper respiratory tracts for COVID-19 patients with Delta and Omicron variant infection

Highlights
1 Aerosol emission rates of Delta or Omicron patients were similar.
2 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of Alpha, Delta and Omicron patients were similar.
3 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of vaccinated or unvaccinated Delta patients had no difference.     

Recombinant human interferon-α1b inhibits SARS-CoV-2 better than interferon-α2b in vitro

Highlights
1) A comprehensive evaluation method for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs was established based on RT-qPCR, TCID₅₀ method, and immunofluorescence.
2) A significant antiviral effect of rHuIFN-α1b was shown with EC₅₀=0.12 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=0.52 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells, which was better than rHuIFN-α2b (EC₅₀=0.25 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=2.48 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells).
3) rHuIFN-α1b has a good potential in the application of anti-COVID-19 therapy.     

Continued antigenic variation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in laying hens in China, 2020–2021

Highlights
1. 13 strains of H7N9 viruses from laying hens in 2020 and 2021 were identified.
2. H7N9 viruses in China comprised at least 11 genotypes.
3. H7N9 viruses are high pathogenic in chickens, not in ducks.
4. The most H7N9 viruses cross-reacted poorly with H7-Re3 antiserum.
5. The H7-Re3 vaccine was unable to prevent H7N9 infection.