首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
小麦雄性不育遗传及基因定位研究进展   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
梁凤山  王斌 《遗传》2003,25(4):461-465
雄性不育的研究对于杂种优势的利用具有重要意义。本文综述了小麦雄性不育遗传及基因定位研究进展,介绍了小麦雄性不育的基因工程,对小麦雄性不育的应用进行了讨论。 Abstract:The study of plant male sterility plays an important role on utilization of heterosis.This paper reviews the current status of the studies of the heredity and mapping of the male sterile genes in wheat and the gene engineering of wheat male sterility.The application of male sterility in wheat breeding is discussed.  相似文献   

2.
Plant senescence plays diverse important roles in development and environmental responses.However,the molecular basis of plant senescence is remained largely unknown.A rice spontaneous mutant with the character of early senescence and male sterility (sms) was found in the breeding line NT10-748.In order to identify the gene SMS1 and the underlying mechanism,we preliminarily analyzed physiological and biochemical phenotypes of the mutant.The mutant contained lower chlorophyll content compared with the wild type control and was severe male sterile with lower pollen viability.Genetic analysis showed that the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene.By the map-based cloning approach,we fine-mapped SMS1 to a 67 kb region between the markers Z3-4 and Z1-1 on chromosome 8 using 1,074 F2 recessive plants derived from the cross between the mutant sms1 (japonica) × Zhenshan 97 (indica),where no known gene involved in senescence or male sterility has been identified.Therefore the SMS1 gene will be a novel gene that regulates the two developmental processes.The further cloning and functional analysis of the SMS1 gene is under way.  相似文献   

3.
细胞色素P450基因及其在植物改良中的应用   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
杨致荣  毛雪  杨致芬  李润植 《遗传》2003,25(2):237-240
细胞色素P450是一类含血红素的氧化还原酶类,它参与多种生化反应,在防御生物免受病虫害及逆境胁迫等方面具有重要作用。生物基因组序列分析表明,它是一个基因超家族。许多细胞色素P450基因已被鉴定和克隆,并应用于植物遗传改良;在转基因培育多抗性植物、创造植物雄性不育系,提高植物降解化学农药残留等污染物的能力和有效生产具有药用价值的化合物等方面已取得可喜进展,显示出广阔的应用前景。 Abstract:Cytochrome P450s are heme-containing mixed-function oxidases,involving in lots of biochemical reactions.They play an important role in preventing plants from pathogen and insect attacks and environmental stress.Sequence analysis of genomes has revealed that P450 is a gene super-family.Many cytochrome P450s have been characterized and cloned.Some of them have been used in plant genetic improvement.A great progress has been made in using these P450 genes to create the transgenic plants with multiple resistances,male sterility,higher capability to dissolve toxic chemicals and pollutants and effective productivity of high valuable compounds,indicating P450 genes have a broad prospect with great potential application.  相似文献   

4.
一个新的小麦核不育材料的发现和鉴定   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
从轮选可育株衍生的后代中发现一个雄性不育株,即P740不育材料。在P7 40不育材料第1、2、3次姊妹交后代中,可育株与不育株的分离比分别符合4:1、 7:5和15:13。在第2次姊妹交后代中可育株产生的40个株系中,7个株系的育性分离比是15:1,33个株系是3:1,二者约分别占1/7和6/7。以上结果表明,P740是一个双隐性基因控制的核雄性不育材料。本文提出了计算隐性核不育材料姊妹交后代育性分离比率的公式。 Abstract:A male sterile material was found in the progeny derived from a fertile plant in the population of recurrent selection.The ratios of fertile to sterile plants in three sib-mating of the male sterile material with fertile plants were to 4:1,7:5 and 15:13,respcctively.In the 40 plant lines derived from the fertile plants of second sib-mating population,33 lines approximated to the segregation ratio of 3(fertile):a double recessive nuclear male sterile material.A genetic pattern for calculation of fertile segregation in sib-mating progenies of recessive nuclear male sterile material was advanced in this paper.  相似文献   

5.
The new cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line Yewei A and its maintainer line Yewei B, with better agronomic characteristics, have been developed from a mutant of V20B (a rice maintainer line) through transformation of genomic DNA of wild rice (Oryza minuta J. S. Presl. ex C. B. Presl.). Analysis of molecular markers, DNA sequences, and Southern blot revealed that high DNA polymorphism exists between the mutant and its receptor, indicating that the special DNA fragment from O. minuta may be integrated into the genome of Yewei B. Therefore, transformation of genomic DNA from distant relatives to the plant of a target receptor may open an avenue for creating a new rice germplasm.  相似文献   

6.
玉米CMS分子生物学研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
张祖新  张方东  郑用琏 《遗传》2002,24(5):601-606
本文对玉米CMS研究已获得的、并为普遍接受的分子生物学研究结果进行了粗略总结;对近年来在玉米细胞质雄性不育育性相关核基因的分子标记定位、克隆及辅助选择,育性相关胞质基因的克隆与表达方面的研究进展进行了简要概述;我们认为在今后一段时期,玉米CMS研究将着重围绕核不育基因的克隆及表达模式、线粒体功能基因组、育性相关胞质基因与核育性基因相互作用等方向进行研究,以期阐述玉米CMS的形成机理。 Progress of Molecular Biology of CMS in Maize ZHANG Zu-xin,ZHANG Fang-dong,ZHENG Yong-lian National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China Abstract:In the paper,we have summarized the molecular biological accomplishment acquired and accepted by most of maize researchers on CMS of maize.A brief review of current molecular biological progress of CMS of maize are displayed in the paper.These progresses concern in the positioning,cloning and maker-assisted selection of nucleic genes associated with fertility,expression and cloning of cytoplasmic genes associated with male sterility,In order to elucidate the molecular mechanism of CMS of maize,the areas about cloning and expression profiling of male sterile nucleic genes,and functional genomics of mitochondria,and interaction cytoplasmic genes with nucleic genes will need to be researched in the future. Key words:maize(Zea mays L.);CMS;mtDNA;gene associated with fertility  相似文献   

7.
For the sake of providing some important information relevant to the study of the molecular mechanism of genic male sterility in plants, gene differential expression in flower buds at different developmental stages, as well as in rosette leaves, florescence leaves, and scapes was analyzed using cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) in the genic male sterile A and fertile B line of Chinese cabbage pak-choi. Following amplification of 125 pairs of primer combinations, 11 differential fragments were obtained, of which eight were from the B line and the other three were from the A line. Of 11 differential fragments, four were verified by Northern hybridization that were expressed preferentially in fertile flower buds. Results of GenBank BLAST showed that one fragment was with unknown function, whereas the other fragments have strong nucleotide sequence similarities with the polygalacturonase (PG) gene, the pectinesterase (PE) gene, and the polygalacturonase inhibitory protein (PGIP4) gene. Only fulllength cDNA from the differential fragment BcMF-A 18T 16-1 was amplified by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and Northern analysis showed that this fragment was expressed only in medium and largesized flower buds of the B line. The full-length cDNA, designated as BcMF2 (Brassica campestris Male Fertile 2), was 1 485 bp long and was composed ofa 1 263-bp open reading frame, which had 83% nucleotide similarity to a PG gene from Arabidopsis encoding polygalacturonase. Analysis of the basic structure of the protein revealed that it had one polygalacturonase active site (RVTCGPGHGLSVGS) at 256th site of amino acids and was classified as being a member of family 28 of the glycosyl hydrolases. The role of the BcMF2gene on microspore development is discussed in the present paper.  相似文献   

8.
Chitinase,which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the β-1,4-acetyl-D-glucosamine linkages of the fungal cell wall polymer chitin,is involved in inducible plants defense system.By construction of cabbage(Brassica oleracea var. capitata) genomic library and screening the library with pRCH8,a probe of rice chitinase gene fragment,a chitinase genomic sequence was isolated.The complete uncleotide sequence of the putative cabbage chitinase gene (cabch29) was determined,with its longest open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 413 aa.This polypeptide consists of a 21 aa N-terminal signal peptide,two chitin-binding domains different from those of other classes of plant chitinases,and a catalytic domain.Homology analysis illustrated that this cabch29 gene has 58.8% identity at the nucleotide level with the pRCH8 ORF probe and has 50% identity at the amino acid level tiwh the catalytic domains of chitinase from bean,maize and sugar beet.Meanwhile,several kinds of cis-elements,such as TATA box,CAAT box,GATA motif,ASF-1 binding site,wound-response elements and AATAAA,have also been discovered in the flanking region of cabch29 gene.  相似文献   

9.
从小麦雄性不育系的未授粉子房诱导单倍体植株   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
采用N6培养基为基本培养基,附加不同水平的生长素,培养普通小麦、小麦雄性不育系及其保持系共10个材料的未授粉子房,所用的材料都能诱导出愈伤组织,出愈率在4.2-38.1%。经分化培养分别从T型不育系和太谷核不育材料获得了单倍体植株。供试材料的基因型、培养基中的生长素的种类及用量,对诱导愈伤组织及分化绿苗有重要的作用。 The unpollinated ovaries of male sterile lines and its manitainers of wheat, as well as common wheat, were cultured on N6 medium in vitro,when the pollen of the same panicle were at uninucleate stage. Callus were obtained from all of the materials, haploid plantlets were regenerated from the unpollinated ovaries of timopheevi cytoplasm male sterile line (T75-3369A) and Taigu nucleus male sterile line (Tal x C6841).  相似文献   

10.
Talgu Genlc Male Sterile Wheat (TGMSW; Trltlcum aestlvum L.), a dominant genic male sterile germplasm, is of considerable value in the genetic Improvement of wheat because of Its stable Inherence, complete male abortion, and high cross-fertilization rate. To Identify specially transcribed genes In sterile anther, a suppression subtractlve hybridization (aSH) library was constructed with sterile anther as the tester and fertile anther as the driver. A total of 2 304 SSH Inserts amplified by polymerase chain reaction were arrayed using robotic printing. The cDNA arrays were hybridized with 32P-labeled probes prepared from the RNA of forward- and reverse-subtracted anthers. Ninety-six clones were scored as upregulated in sterile anthers compared with the corresponding fertile anthers and some clones were selected for sequencing and analysis In GenBank. Based on their putative functions, 87 non-redundant clones were classified Into the following groups: (i) eight genes Involved In metabolic processes; (11) four material transportation genes; (iii) three signal transductlon-assoclated genes; (iv) four stress response and senescence-associated protein genes; (v) seven other functional protein genes; (vi) five genes with no known function; and (vii) another 56 genes with no match to the databases. To test the hybridization efficiency, eight genes were selected and analyzed by Northern blot. The results of the present study provide a comprehensive overview of the genes and gene products Involved In anther abortion In TGMSW.  相似文献   

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.  相似文献   

16.
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.  相似文献   

17.
Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.  相似文献   

18.
正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases  相似文献   

19.
20.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号