中国哑蟋属二新种记述(直翅目,蟋蟀科)

记述了我国甘肃南部及秦岭西部地区蟋蟀科哑蟋属2新种：六孔哑蟋Goniogryllus sexflorus sp.nov和陈氏哑蟋Goniogryllus cheni sp.nov。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

甘肃哑蟋属一新种记述(直翅目,蟋蟀科)

记述了直翅目Orthoptera蟋蟀科Gryllidae哑蟋属Goniogryllus 1新种,甘肃哑蟋Goniogryllus gansuensis sp.nov..模式标本保存于武汉工业学院昆虫标本室.     

云南哑蟋属一新种记述(直翅目,蟋蟀科)

记述采自云南省丽江地区哑蟋属昆虫1新种,即云南哑蟋Goniogryllus yunnanensis sp.nov..描述了新种的形态特征,并与近似种做了比较.模式标本保存于武汉工业学院.     

哑蟋属六新种记述（直翅目：蟋蟀科）

哑蟋属(Goniogryllus)隶属于直翅目蟋蟀科(Gryllidae)蟋蟀亚科(Gryllinae),由Cho-Pard(1936)以产于我国福建的刻点哑蟋G.punctatus为模式种建立。本属原已知4种,其中两种产于我国,1种分布于日本,1种分布于印度。本文将报道6新种,至此哑蟋属即增至10种。模式标本保存于中国农科院植保所标本馆。     

五种蟋蟀染色体的研究 A Study on Chromosomes in Five Crickets

报道了中国4种蟋蟀的染色体C带核型,即黑脸油葫芦 Teleogryllus occipitalis (Serville,1838),2n=27,XO(♂);银川油葫芦 T.infernalis (Saussure,1877),2n=27,XO(♂);迷卡斗蟋 Velarifictorus micado (Saussure,1877),2n=29,XO(♂);泰康棺头蟋 Loxoblemmus taicoun (Saussure,1877),2n=17,XO(♂)及长颚斗蟋V.aspersus (Walker,1869)的核型即2n=23,XO(♂)。4种蟋蟀各染色体均显示强的着丝粒带,多数染色体显强或中的端带,斗蟋属(Velarifictorus)1种部分染色体显示居间带,油葫芦属(Teleogryllus)2种和棺头蟋属（Loxoblemmus）1种无居间带,各物种表现出明显的种类特异性。对蟋蟀染色体及C带核型在分类中的意义作了初步的探讨。 Abstract:This is a report on the chromosome C-banded karyotypes of four Gryllidae species in China.They are Teleogryllus occipitalis(Serville,1838),2n=27,XO(♂);T.infernalis(Saussure,1877),2n=27,XO(♂);Velarifictorus micado (Saussure,1877),2n=29,XO(♂);Loxoblemmus taicoun Saussure,1877,2n=17,XO(♂).And another karyotype is reported as well,it is V.aspersus（Walker,1869）,2n=23,XO(♂).All chromosomes of the four crickets show strong paracentric C-bands,lots of the arms show strong or median terminal C-bands,and some chromosomes of V.micado show middle C-bands.In addition,the total heterochromatin content of the four crickets was shown.The cytotaxonomic significance is discussed.     

A STUDY ON ONTOGENY AND EVOLUTION OF ROBUSTOSCHWAGERINIDS (PERMIAN FUSULINIDS)

Based on large amount of specimens and data gathered from literature, a detailed morphometric analysis has been conducted to study the ontogeny and evolution of robustoschwagerinids, a group of Permian Schwagerinidae including 31 species originally put under the name of Robustoschwagerina M.-Maclay, 1956 (Table Ⅰ).For all the species studied, the rate of shape change has been calculated and compared for each volution, which was defined as the ratio of the non-overlap area between two adjacent volutions to the area of preceding volution (Fig. 1). Three different types of shape change, labeled as A, B and C respectively in the inset of Figure 1, have been recognized in the ontogenetic process of robustoschwagerinids.     

维蟋属分类研究及两新种记述（直翅目：蟋蟀科：距蟋亚科）

对维蟋属Valiatrella进行了系统研究,并记述2新种： 多突维蟋V. multiprotubera sp. nov.（雄性,云南）和片维蟋V. laminaria sp. nov.（雄性,贵州）; 同时报道中国1新记录种： 姊妹维蟋V. sororia (Gorochov, 2002)（贵州）。新种模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆。     

五种棺头蟋核型的比较研究

报道了中国5种棺头蟋的核型：石首棺头蟋Loxoblemmus equestris, 2n=17, XO(♂);小棺头蟋L. aomoriensis, 2n=11, XO(♂); 哈尼棺头蟋L. haani, 2n=11, XO(♂);多伊棺头蟋L. doenitzi, 2n=11, XO(♂)和窃棺头蟋L. detectus, 2n=11,XO(♂)。并应用核型似近系数及进化距离对这5种蟋蟀作了聚类分析,得出5种蟋蟀的演化方向为石首棺头蟋→小棺头蟋→哈尼棺头蟋→多伊棺头蟋→窃棺头蟋。     

中国疾蟋螽属二新种记述(直翅目:沙螽科:蟋螽亚科)

记述了中国疾蟋螽属2新种,即指突疾蟋螽Apotrechus digitatus Liu et Bi,sp.nov.和近似疾蟋螽Apotrechus fallax Liu et Bi,sp.nov.。模式标本保存在中国科学院上海昆虫博物馆。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。