阿尔泰蝠蛾幼虫血细胞形态学研究

本研究采用Wright-Giemsa染色方法,利用光学显微镜观察阿尔泰蝠蛾Hepialus altaicola Wang幼虫血细胞.根据鳞翅目昆虫血细胞形态特征对阿尔泰蝠蛾幼虫血细胞进行鉴定,计数并计算各类血细胞所占的比例.发现阿尔泰蝠蛾幼虫血淋巴中存在原血胞、浆血胞、粒血胞、类绛色细胞、珠血胞和囊血胞6种细胞类型,所占比例分别为3.7％,29.9％,55.4％,2.3％,5.8％和2.9％.阿尔泰蝠蛾幼虫血细胞组成及其形态与其他鳞翅目昆虫基本一致,但是与其它种属相比,同种类型的血细胞大小和占比略有不同.粒血胞和浆血胞是阿尔泰蝠蛾幼虫血淋巴中的主要类型,其中粒血胞占比最高.该研究为深入研究阿尔泰蝠蛾血细胞形态和功能提供理论依据和基础数据.     

贡嘎蝠蛾幼虫血淋巴中游离氨基酸,海藻糖的初步研究

本文报道了冬虫夏草寄主——贡嘎蝠蛾幼虫血淋巴中游离氨基酸种类、含量及海藻糖含量,并与感虫草菌和人工饲养的贡嘎蝠蛾幼虫进行了比较。     

冬虫夏草蝙蝠蛾人工饲养技术的初步研究

在人工饲养条件下 ,研究了不同温度条件对蝙蝠蛾Hepialusspp .卵及幼虫的影响和半人工饲料的饲喂效果。试验表明 ,卵在湿度适宜的情况下 ,以 1 5℃下的孵化率最高 ,为 86 75 %。用冷冻的方法可以将幼虫保存一定的时间 ,在低温条件下幼虫的抵抗能力变弱。在人工饲养 90d的时间内 ,对各试验组综合分析 ,初步确定 1号料较适合蝠蛾幼虫生长 ;在饲料中添加的 2种不同的防腐剂对幼虫体重的影响不显著     

冬虫夏草寄主玉树蝠蛾幼虫的生物学

在青海虫草最主要产区玉树巴塘地区对玉树蝠蛾Hepialus yushusis Chuet Wang进行野外定点调查观察,结果表明:玉树蝠蛾幼虫是一种多食性昆虫,对低温有特殊的适应能力,适宜生长发育的地温是6~10℃;幼虫喜潮湿,最适土壤含水量为40%~60%;幼虫世代重叠,在冻土层越冬。     

蝠蛾属一新种(鳞翅目：蝙蝠蛾科)

近年来在我国西北、西南部不断发现许多蝠蛾新种(朱弘复,王林瑶,1985);梁醒财等,1988)。因虫草蝠蛾幼虫被中国虫草菌Cordyceps sinensis(Berk.)Sacc.感染寄生后形成的“冬虫夏草”是我国一味名贵中药材,随着蝠蛾新种的不断发现,无疑将有助于增进对虫草蝠蛾昆虫资源的认识。最近我们在云南德钦县进行人工培育冬虫夏草试验研究     

冬虫夏草寄主蒲氏钩蝠蛾的生物学

蒲氏钩蝠蛾Thitarodes pui是冬虫夏草Ophiocordyceps sinensis的寄主昆虫种类之一,分布在西藏色季拉山海拔4100～4650 m的高寒灌丛草甸和高寒草甸.采用野外调查和人工饲养相结合的方法,对蒲氏钩蝠蛾的生物学进行了研究.结果表明,蒲氏钩蝠蛾的世代发育需要3～4年历时约1095～1460 ...     

阿尔泰蝠蛾(鳞翅目:蝙蝠蛾科)幼虫低温胁迫转录组分析

[目的]本研究旨在通过转录组测序技术分析低温胁迫引起的阿尔泰蝠蛾Hepialus altaicola Wang幼虫基因转录差异及上调表达基因的主要功能类群和参与的主要代谢通路.[方法]采用Illumina HiSeq TM 2500测序平台对阿尔泰蝠蛾幼虫进行转录组测序、组装,利用Blast软件进行数据库比对和基因功能注释,用DEGSeq R软件包分析4℃低温处理与室内适温饲养试虫的差异表达基因,并对上调表达基因进行GO和KEGG代谢途径富集分析.[结果]经序列拼接后共获得100300个unigenes,总长度81600309 bp,平均长度813 bp,N50长度1719 bp.与7大数据库同源比对,共获得34691(34.59％)条unigenes.低温胁迫转录组分析得到11569个差异表达基因(DEGs),7158条基因上调,4411条基因下调.富集到47个GO类群,217个KEGG途径.其中代谢过程、催化、结合活性类群占有重要比例,核糖体、碳代谢、剪接体等途径显著富集.另外,热激蛋白、昆虫表皮蛋白、海藻糖酶、超氧化物歧化酶等非生物胁迫相关基因显著上调表达.[结论]阿尔泰蝠蛾幼虫低温胁迫转录组分析揭示,代谢过程、细胞过程、生物调节、对刺激的反应等生物学过程相关基因和部分非生物胁迫响应基因显著上调表达,提示蝠蛾幼虫可能从抗氧化防御、分子伴侣、体温调节和维持细胞的渗透平衡等多方面应对低温胁迫.     

阿尔泰蝠蛾(鳞翅目:蝙蝠蛾科)幼虫低温胁迫转录组分析

[目的]本研究旨在通过转录组测序技术分析低温胁迫引起的阿尔泰蝠蛾Hepialus altaicola Wang幼虫基因转录差异及上调表达基因的主要功能类群和参与的主要代谢通路.[方法]采用Illumina HiSeq TM 2500测序平台对阿尔泰蝠蛾幼虫进行转录组测序、组装,利用Blast软件进行数据库比对和基因功能注释,用DEGSeq R软件包分析4℃低温处理与室内适温饲养试虫的差异表达基因,并对上调表达基因进行GO和KEGG代谢途径富集分析.[结果]经序列拼接后共获得100300个unigenes,总长度81600309 bp,平均长度813 bp,N50长度1719 bp.与7大数据库同源比对,共获得34691(34.59％)条unigenes.低温胁迫转录组分析得到11569个差异表达基因(DEGs),7158条基因上调,4411条基因下调.富集到47个GO类群,217个KEGG途径.其中代谢过程、催化、结合活性类群占有重要比例,核糖体、碳代谢、剪接体等途径显著富集.另外,热激蛋白、昆虫表皮蛋白、海藻糖酶、超氧化物歧化酶等非生物胁迫相关基因显著上调表达.[结论]阿尔泰蝠蛾幼虫低温胁迫转录组分析揭示,代谢过程、细胞过程、生物调节、对刺激的反应等生物学过程相关基因和部分非生物胁迫响应基因显著上调表达,提示蝠蛾幼虫可能从抗氧化防御、分子伴侣、体温调节和维持细胞的渗透平衡等多方面应对低温胁迫.     

玉龙蝠蛾生殖的观察

玉龙蝠蛾Hepialus yulongensis Liang也是我国名贵药材虫草的重要寄主。对其生殖生物学的研究不仅为鳞翅目昆虫的演化有着重要意义,而且能为冬虫夏草的人工饲养繁殖提供基础资料。 观察实验在冬虫夏草主产区之一的云南省迪庆藏族自治州白马雪山(海拔3850m)中国科学院昆明动物研究所虫草组研究基地进行。供实验用材料采自云南丽江玉龙雪山虫草花园(海拔4300—4380m)处的老熟幼虫和蛹。将羽化后刚交配的蛾子引入观察笼内,或将羽化未交配的雌雄蛾按1:1,1:2比例放入观察笼内饲养观察,记录成虫羽化、交配、产卵、成虫死亡及卵孵化日期和数量。死亡的雌蛾解剖观察体内余腹卵数和交配授精情况。其结果如下:     

冬虫夏草蝠蛾幼虫对几种植物的嗅觉反应初步研究

植食性昆虫主要利用嗅觉、味觉、视觉和触觉等对寄主植物进行选择,而植物挥发物是引导植食性昆虫寄主定向行为的主要因素。利用"Y"型嗅觉仪测试康定虫草蝠蛾Hepialus armoricanus二龄幼虫对适生地的几种植物材料的嗅觉反应;并用欧式距离和Q型聚类法对供试植物进行相似性分析和聚类分析。结果表明:蝠蛾幼虫对几种植物材料表现出强弱不同的趋性反应;根据植物的相似性可将供试植物分为4类,且同一类植物引导蝠蛾幼虫产生相似的嗅觉反应。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.