小鼠孤雌激活来源囊胚线粒体基因表达

为了探索孤雌胚胎和正常体外受精胚胎线粒体基因表达的差异,本研究用ICR小鼠孤雌和正常受精胚胎为研究对象。孤雌和正常受精的胚胎分别发育至2-细胞期和囊胚期的比率,用q PCR方法检测囊胚线粒体基因Cox2、tom40、tim23和cytochrome C,以及多能性囊胚质量相关基因Oct4、Sox2和nanog的表达水平。结果发现孤雌激活不影响小鼠卵母细胞的卵裂(95%vs 97.6%,p0.05),但影响胚胎发育到囊胚(39.4%vs 75%,p0.05),孤雌囊胚细胞线粒体Cyto C和Cox2显著高于体外受精组(p0.05);正常受精囊胚多能性基因Oct4和nanog表达水平显著高于孤雌组(p0.05),但Sox2表达水平显著低于孤雌组(p0.05)。本研究表明孤雌激活可影响胚胎线粒体和细胞基因表达水平。     

小鼠母源因子对早期胚胎发育的影响

在脊椎动物中发育过程中,卵母细胞要经历MII期停滞、受精、早期胚胎发育的启动、胚胎基因组的转录激活、并指导完成个体的发育过程。同时,核移植过程中,分化的细胞核在去核的卵母细胞中能够重编程到胚胎早期的状态并能完成个体的发育过程。在这些发育过程中母源因子都发挥了极其的重要作用。在小鼠胚胎发育研究中发现,小鼠的基因组激活发生在2细胞期,这一时期标志着合子的发育由卵母细胞控制向胚胎控制的过渡,期间发生一系列复杂的生化过程。体外培养的小鼠的胚胎的发育阻断也易发生的2细胞时期。因此对卵母细胞及早期胚胎母源因子的研究,将有利于了解早期体外培养胚胎和克隆胚胎发育失败的原因,为提高体外培养和克隆胚胎发育的成功率提供理论的基础。     

小鼠2-细胞胚胎ATP合成酶6基因特异表达分析及鉴定

合子基因组活化是小鼠胚胎早期发育由细胞质调控向核调控转变的关键 .小鼠合子基因组活化发生在 2 细胞胚胎阶段 ,通过对 2 细胞胚胎阶段特异性表达基因的分析 ,可以从分子水平上揭示早期小鼠胚胎的发育机理 .用DD RTPCR技术 ,从单个小鼠 2 细胞胚胎与成熟卵母细胞 (MII细胞 )中分离了 2个差异片段 ,片段 2同小鼠睾丸中表达的一个未知片段具有高度同源性 .经过cDNA文库构建、筛选 ,分离到其全长cDNA .序列分析结果表明 ,该基因为小鼠ATP合成酶亚单位 6基因 .ATP合成酶亚单位 6基因由线粒体DNA编码 ,与细胞内ATP的合成相关 .小鼠 2 细胞胚胎特异表达的ATP合成酶亚单位 6基因可能与胚胎正常发育相关     

Oct4基因在猪孤雌激活和体外受精早期胚胎中的表达特征

目的研究植入前胚胎发育重要基因Oct4在猪孤雌和体外受精胚胎中的表达特征。方法收集成熟卵母细胞、孤雌和体外受精2细胞、4细胞、8细胞胚胎和囊胚,做荧光即时定量PCR检测,以体外成熟的猪卵母细胞做对照分析相对表达量。结果孤雌组和体外受精组胚胎在8细胞期Oct4表达量均最高(P<0.05),在孤雌和体外受精组囊胚相对于其他时期Oct4表达量最低(P<0.05)。在同一时期孤雌和体外受精胚胎上Oct4表达并没有差异。结论多能性基因Oct4在卵裂发育时期表达量动态变化,孤雌胚胎在一定程度上可作为体外胚胎基因表达的模型,且不同的胚胎培养条件可能导致基因表达的差异。     

p38在小鼠着床前胚胎中的表达

探讨p38 MAPK在小鼠着床前胚胎期的表达图式,并对其作用作初步分析.用免疫印迹法分析胚胎全裂解物中的p38蛋白.为考察p38在着床前发育中的作用,在胚胎培养液中添加p38专一性抑制剂SB203580.此外对同位素标记的胚胎作双向电泳分析,示踪ZGA(zygotic gene acti-vation,合子型基因激活)标志物TRC的表达情况.在卵母细胞中能检测到低水平的p38蛋白,而在合子中的检测度更低,表明p38是贮存于卵母细胞内的母型转录物,自减数分裂期随其它母型转录物一起逐步降解.到2细胞中期p38蛋白的表达量开始恢复,在4细胞时达到顶峰,在8细胞时又跌落.p38蛋白在2到4细胞期的表达量上升提示该蛋白在小鼠着床前胚胎发育中可能发挥一定作用.经与p38抑制剂SB203580共培养后的2细胞中期胚胎中仍能清晰检测到TRC,因而以TRC为标志的ZGA对SB203580不敏感.SB203580同样不能阻止胚胎发育到桑椹胚期.     

p38在小鼠着床前胚胎中的表达(简报)(英文)

探讨p38 MAPK在小鼠着床前胚胎期的表达图式,并对其作用作初步分析。用免疫印迹法分析胚胎全裂解物中的p38蛋白。为考察p38在着床前发育中的作用,在胚胎培养液中添加p38专一性抑制剂SB203580。此外对同位素标记的胚胎作双向电泳分析,示踪ZGA(zygotic gene acti-vation,合子型基因激活)标志物TRC的表达情况。在卵母细胞中能检测到低水平的p38蛋白,而在合子中的检测度更低,表明p38是贮存于卵母细胞内的母型转录物,自减数分裂期随其它母型转录物一起逐步降解。到2细胞中期p38蛋白的表达量开始恢复,在4细胞时达到顶峰,在8细胞时又跌落。p38蛋白在2到4细胞期的表达量上升提示该蛋白在小鼠着床前胚胎发育中可能发挥一定作用。经与p38抑制剂SB203580共培养后的2细胞中期胚胎中仍能清晰检测到TRC,因而以TRC为标志的ZGA对SB203580不敏感。SB203580同样不能阻止胚胎发育到桑椹胚期。     

共表达外源OCT4/SOX2能够激活人胚肾细胞中内源NANOG的转录

自2006年诱导多能干细胞（iPS）技术诞生以来,采用病毒等载体进行的诱导方法已取得了成功,但是其致瘤性的影响限制了病毒载体的推广与应用,而采用非病毒载体诱导iPS细胞成为研究的热点. 本研究通过两个启动子的独立启动,构建了带有绿色荧光标记的OCT4/SOX2共表达诱导载体(pOct4/Sox2-EGFP). 将该载体转染HEK 293FT 细胞后,阳性克隆明显表达绿色荧光,并通过RT-PCR,免疫荧光等方法证明其中的转录因子OCT4和SOX2能在转染细胞中高效表达,同时诱导受体细胞中内源NANOG的转录表达. 本研究说明OCT4/SOX2共表达载体能激活NANOG基因的内源表达,暗示着非病毒不整合载体pOct4/Sox2-EGFP本身或与其它转录因子和小分子结合可用于诱导成体细胞的重编程. 因此,本研究为下一步应用质粒载体诱导体细胞重编程为iPS细胞的研究奠定了工作基础.     

p38在小鼠着床前胚胎中的表达（简报）

探讨p38 MAPK在小鼠着床前胚胎期的表达图式,并对其作用作初步分析。用免疫印迹法分析胚胎全裂解物中的p38蛋白。为考察p38在着床前发育中的作用,在胚胎培养液中添加p38专一性抑制剂SB203580。此外对同位素标记的胚胎作双向电泳分析,示踪ZGA(zygotic gene activation,合子型基因激活)标志物TRC的表达情况。在卵母细胞中能检测到低水平的p38蛋白,而在合子中的检测度更低,表明p38是贮存于卵母细胞内的母型转录物,自减数分裂期随其它母型转录物一起逐步降解。到2细胞中期p38蛋白的表达量开始恢复,在4细胞时达到顶峰,在8细胞时又跌落。D38蛋白在2到4细胞期的表达量上升提示该蛋白在小鼠着床前胚胎发育中可能发挥一定作用。经与p38抑制剂SB203580共培养后的2细胞中期胚胎中仍能清晰检测到TRC,因而以TRC为标志的ZGA对SB203580不敏感。SB203580同样不能阻止胚胎发育到桑椹胚期。     

葡萄糖对小鼠胚胎体外发育的影响

通过在CZB培养液中添加不同浓度葡萄糖及在胚胎发育的不同阶段加入葡萄糖,对小鼠胚胎进行体外培养,以探讨葡萄糖在小鼠早期胚胎体外发育中的作用。其结果表明,小鼠胚胎在含糖CZB与在无糖CZB中培养比较,4-细胞发育率无差异;各浓度葡萄糖组囊胚率显著高于无糖组,其中3.0mmol/L浓度组囊胚细胞数显著高于其余组;实验二：2-细胞至4-细胞、4-细胞至桑椹胚前添加葡萄糖囊胚率显著提高。上述结果证明,在小鼠胚胎体外培养中加入葡萄糖不会导致2-细胞阻滞;葡萄糖浓度增加至10mmol/L对小鼠胚胎无毒性作用,其最适浓度为3.0mmol/L;2-细胞至4-细胞、4-细胞至桑椹胚前添加葡萄糖是必要的。关键词 葡萄糖;小鼠;2-细胞阻滞;胚胎;体外发育     

小鼠胚胎干细胞中天然反义转录物的表达及功能研究

非编码RNA(ncRNA),如小分子RNA和基因间长链非编码RNA在调控多能性方面发挥着重要的作用.然而,天然反义转录物(NAT)在胚胎干细胞中的作用并不清楚.本研究首先通过数字基因表达谱发现在小鼠胚胎干细胞中存在广泛的NAT表达,随后证实了Oct4,Nanog和Sox2这3个关键的多能性基因存在NAT的表达.并且,过表达Sox2的NAT可以在蛋白水平上降低Sox2的表达,同时在转录水平上对Sox2有轻微的上调作用.总之,本研究数据表明,NAT和其他的ncRNA一样,参与了多能性的维持.     

"生存还是毁灭",发育还是阻滞--小鼠早胚体外发育2-细胞阻滞产生机制初析

在体外培养条件下,小鼠受精卵往往经一次分裂后就停滞在２－细胞,不能完成到达囊胚的后续发育过程,称作２－细胞阻滞。氧自由基伤害、培养液成分不平衡等外界因素都能引起阻滞。小鼠的２－细胞阻滞现象受细胞质内母型物质制约,具有品系依赖性。在阻滞品系小鼠胚胎的细胞质内可能缺乏某些重要的蛋白因子,在无外源信号的培养体系内不能继续分裂。发生阻滞的胚胎细胞内ＭＰＦ前体物虽然储备充足,但因无法去磷酸化激活而最终导致发     

Methylation patterns in 5' terminal regions of pluripotency-related genes in bovine in vitro fertilized and cloned embryos

In order to investigate DNA methylation profiles of five pluripotency-related genes (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Rexl and Fgf4) during bovine maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) in both in vitro fertilized (IVF) and nuclear transfer (NT) embryos, sodium bisulfite sequencing method was used to detect DNA methylation levels, accompanied by the statistical analysis of embryo developmental rates. The results showed that Oct4, Nanog, Rexl and Fgf4 were respectively demethylated by 25.22% (P < 0.01), 3.84% (P > 0.05), 31.82% (P < 0.01) and 10% (P > 0.05) while Sox2 retained unmethylation during MZT in IVF embryos. By contrast, Oct4 and Rexl respectively underwent demethylation by 23.04% (P < 0.01) and 6.02% (P > 0.05), and, reversely, Sox2, Nanog and Fgf4 respectively experienced remethylation by 0.84% (P > 0.05), 5.39% (P > 0.05) and 5.46% (P > 0.05) during MZT in NT embryos. Interestingly, the CpG 14 site of Sox2 was specifically methylated in both 8-cell and morula NT embryos. In addition, the development of blastocysts between IVF and NT embryos showed no significant difference. DNA methylation analysis showed that only Oct4 and Sox2 underwent the correct methylation reprogramming process, which may be responsible for the development of blastocysts of NT embryos to a certain extent. In conclusion,the five genes respectively experienced demethylation to different extents and incomplete DNA methylation reprogramming during bo-vine MZT in both IVF and NT embryos, suggesting that they may be used as indicators for bovine embryo developmental competence.     

Delay of ZGA initiation occurred in 2-cell blocked mouse embryos

One-cell mouse embryos from KM strain and B6C3F1 strain were cultured in M16 medium, in which2-cell block generally occurs. Embryos of KM strain exhibited 2-cell block, whereas B6C3F1 embryos,which are regarded as a nonblocking strain, proceeded to the 4-cell stage in our culture condition. It is oftenassumed that the block of early development is due to the failure of zygotic gene activation (ZGA) in culturedembryos. In this study we examined protein synthesis patterns by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of[35^S] methionine radiolabeled 2-cell embryos. Embryos from the blocking strain and the nonblocking strainwere compared in their development both in vitro and in vivo. The detection of TRC expression, a markerof ZGA, at 42 h post hCG in KM embryos developed in vitro suggested that ZGA was also initiated even inthe 2-cell arrested embryos. Nevertheless, a significant delay of ZGA was observed in KM strain as comparedwith normally developed B6C3F1 embryos. At the very beginning of major ZGA as early as 36 h post hCG,TRC has already been expressed in B6C3F1 embryos developed in vitro and KM embryos developed in vivo.But for 2-cell blocked KM embryos, TRC was still not detectable even at 38 h post hCG. These evidences suggest that 2-cell-blocked embryos do initiate ZGA, and that 2-cell block phenomenon is due not to the disability in initiating ZGA, but to a delay of ZGA.     

Atypical GATA protein TRPS1 plays indispensable roles in mouse two-cell embryo

Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) is one of the most critical events at the beginning of mammalian preimplantation embryo development (PED). The mechanisms underlying mouse ZGA remain unclear although it has been widely studied. In the present study, we identified that tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome 1 (TRPS1), an atypical GATA family member, is an important factor for ZGA in mouse PED. We found that the Trps1 mRNA level peaked at the one-cell stage while TRPS1 protein did so at the two/four-cell stage. Knockdown of Trps1 by the microinjection of Trps1 siRNA reduced the developmental rate of mouse preimplantation embryos by approximately 30%, and increased the expression of ZGA marker genes MuERV-L and Zscan4d via suppressing the expression of major histone markers H3K4me3 and H3K27me3. Furthermore, Trps1 knockdown decreased the expression of Sox2 but increased Oct4 expression. We conclude that TRPS1 may be indispensable for zygotic genome activation during mouse PED.     

Methylation patterns in 5＇ terminal regions of pluripotency-related genes in bovine in vitro fertilized and cloned embryos

In order to investigate DNA methylation profiles of five pluripotency-related genes (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Rex1 and Fgf4) during bovine maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) in both in vitro fertilized (IVF) and nuclear transfer (NT) embryos, sodium bisulfite sequencing method was used to detect DNA methylation levels, accompanied by the statistical analysis of embryo developmental rates. The results showed that Oct4, Nanog, Rex1 and Fgf4 were respectively demethylated by 25.22% (P < 0.01), 3.84% (P > 0.05), 31.82% (P < 0.01) and 10% (P > 0.05) while Sox2 retained unmethylation during MZT in IVF embryos. By contrast, Oct4 and Rex1 respectively underwent demethylation by 23.04% (P < 0.01) and 6.02% (P > 0.05), and, reversely, Sox2, Nanog and Fgf4 respectively experienced remethylation by 0.84% (P > 0.05), 5.39% (P > 0.05) and 5.46% (P > 0.05) during MZT in NT embryos. Interestingly, the CpG 14 site of Sox2 was specifically methylated in both 8-cell and morula NT embryos. In addition, the development of blastocysts between IVF and NT embryos showed no significant difference. DNA methylation analysis showed that only Oct4 and Sox2 underwent the correct methylation reprogramming process, which may be responsible for the development of blastocysts of NT embryos to a certain extent. In conclusion, the five genes respectively experienced demethylation to different extents and incomplete DNA methylation reprogramming during bovine MZT in both IVF and NT embryos, suggesting that they may be used as indicators for bovine embryo developmental competence.