改进支持向量分类用于蝶类自动鉴别

昆虫自动识别是重要的新兴研究领域, 其中特征筛选与恰当地将多分类转化为二分类是两个关键步骤。本文基于支持向量分类, 提出了一种新的多类昆虫自动鉴别方法: 先以初始样本互作转换将多分类转化为二分类, 再以可交换核函数消除互作样本中初始样本排列顺序不同的影响, 继以非线性筛选去除无关特征与冗余特征并给出各保留特征相对重要性排序, 最后以简单投票决策校正独立预测结果。新方法应用于2科7种蝶类自动鉴别, 以前翅9个翅脉交叉点距离为初始特征, 种、科阶元26、24个随机初始测试样本均获得了100%的准确鉴别。新方法在昆虫自动识别等多分类领域有广泛应用前景。     

昆明分类学报

《昆虫分类学报》创刊于1979年,是国家新闻出版署批准发行的国际性学术刊物,专门刊登具有较高学术水平的昆虫分类学论文,包括分类理论、系统演化、分类方法和技术的新进展;中国及东亚地区昆虫区系,特别是农、林、卫生昆虫种、属及其它分类单元的新记载及订正;以及与分类和进化有关的各种理论问题,并刊登少量螨类论文。     

昆虫分类学主要技术手段的研究进展

随着科学技术的进步,昆虫分类学由过去传统的形态分类学逐步向综合性学科发展,特别是现代生物技术是对传统昆虫分类方法的一个补充与完善。本文介绍了传统的昆虫分类方法,重点对一些常用的分子标记技术如同工酶电泳技术、核酸序列分析、Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA（RAPD）技术、Simple Sequence Repeat（SSR）技术和Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism（SSCP)技术的特点和它们在昆虫系统进化及昆虫分类等研究中的应用作了相关介绍。     

昆虫分类学报

《昆虫分类学报》创刊于1979年,是国家新闻出版署批准,国内外发行的国际性学术刊物。本刊专门刊登具有较高学术水平的昆虫分类学论文,包括分类理论、系统演化、分类方法和技术的新进展;中国及东亚地区昆虫区系,特别是农、林、卫生昆虫种、属及其它分类单元的新记载及订正;以及与分类和进化有关的各种理论问题,并刊登一定数量的螨类论文。     

昆虫分类学报

《昆虫分类学报》创刊于1979年,是国家新闻出版署批准发行的国际性学术刊物,专门刊登具有较高学术水平的昆虫分类学论文,包括分类理论、系统演化、分类方法和技术的新进展;中国及东亚地区昆虫区系,特别是农、林、卫生昆虫种、属及其它分类单元的新记载及订正;以及与分类和进化有关的各种理论问题,并刊登一定数量的螨类论文。     

《昆虫分类学报》稿约

一、《昆虫分类学报》为国际性学术刊物,专门刊登昆虫分类研究论文、简报及综述文章,包括分类原理、分类系统、分类技术和方法的新观点及新成就,以及中国、东亚地区昆虫种、属及其他阶元的新记载、新记录等。     

《昆虫分类学报》稿约

一、《昆虫分类学报》为国际性学术刊物,专门刊登昆虫分类研究论文、简报及综述文章,包括分类原理、分类系统、分类技术和方法的新观点及新成就,以及中国、东亚地区昆虫种、属及其他阶元的新记载、新记录等。     

基于稀疏编码和SCG BPNN的鳞翅目昆虫图像识别

【目的】为了给林业、 农业或植物检疫等行业人员提供一种方便快捷的昆虫种类识别方法, 本文提出了一种新颖的鳞翅目昆虫图像自动识别方法。【方法】首先通过预处理对采集的昆虫标本图像去除背景, 分割出双翅, 并对翅图像的位置进行校正。然后把校正后的翅面分割成多个超像素, 用每个超像素的l, a, b颜色及x, y坐标平均值作为其特征数据。接下来用稀疏编码(SC)算法训练码本、 生成编码并汇集成特征向量训练量化共轭梯度反向传播神经网络（SCG BPNN）, 并用得到的BPNN进行分类识别。【结果】该方法对包含576个样本的昆虫图像的数据库进行了测试, 取得了高于99%的识别正确率, 并有理想的时间性能、 鲁棒性及稳定性。【结论】实验结果证明了本文方法在识别鳞翅目昆虫图像上的有效性。     

《昆虫分类学报》稿约

一、《昆虫分类学报》为国际性学术刊物,专门刊登昆虫分类研究论文、简报及综述文章,包括分类原理、分类系统、分类技术和方法的新观点及新成就,以及中国、东亚地区昆虫种、属及其他阶元的新记载、新记录等。     

蛾翅数学形态特征用于夜蛾分类和鉴定的可行性研究

摘要: 为探讨蛾翅数学形态特征(MMC)在夜蛾科分类鉴定中的可行性, 本文利用数字化技术获得和处理昆虫图像, 对鳞翅目夜蛾科6种夜蛾的右前翅提取矩形度、 延长度、 叶状性、 偏心率、 球状性、 似圆度和不变矩Hu1、 Hu2等13项与大小尺度和方向均无关的数学形态特征, 并利用方差分析、 逐步判别分析和聚类分析等方法研究了各项数学形态特征在昆虫分类上作为分类特征的可行性、 可靠性和重要性, 并且从数学形态学角度对夜蛾科6个种的亲缘关系进行了分析。分析结果认为矩形度和延长度2个形态特征对这6种夜蛾的分类鉴定没有显著意义, 从而筛选出11个形态特征作为分类变量, 它们的作用大小依次为： （偏心率、 Hu5、 Hu7）＞Hu2＞似圆度＞球状性＞Hu3＞（叶状性、 Hu1、 Hu6）＞Hu4。利用蛾翅的这些特征参数成功地实现了对夜蛾科6种夜蛾的分类鉴定, 基于这些特征参数的6种夜蛾的亲缘关系远近与基于传统形态学的系统进化观点相同。研究表明蛾翅数学形态特征可应用于蛾类昆虫的快速鉴定, 为未来逐步实现蛾类昆虫的自动识别奠定了基础。     

六类常见泌蜡昆虫的蜡腺和蜡泌物研究进展

泌蜡昆虫体表除了具有和其他昆虫一样的薄蜡层之外,还具有特殊的蜡腺,在生长发育过程中能够分泌蜡质覆盖于体表,从而有利于昆虫防止体内水分过度蒸发、抵御外界多种不利条件、阻碍病原物入侵和躲避天敌寄生或捕食,对昆虫的生存和繁衍具有重要的保护作用。本文概述了蚧虫、蚜虫、蜡蝉、木虱、粉虱和粉蛉等6类常见泌蜡昆虫的蜡腺和蜡泌物的超微形态结构、蜡泌物的主要化学组成及泌蜡的分子机制等方面的研究进展,以期为今后其在昆虫分类学和系统发育学的研究以及在害虫防治中的应用提供参考。     

Current issues involved with the identification and nutritional value of wood grubs consumed by Australian Aborigines

The so called witchetty grub is a publicized food source for Australian Aborigines. Despite heavy use, the identities and number of species consumed is still not known because of the lack of identified voucher specimens. Taxonomy based on adults makes identification of larval forms difficult. Dwelling in the root, trunks, and stems of woody plants, grubs are a reliable and highly valued food source that may be in decline. Much information on edible insects may already be lost in parts of Australia heavily settled by Europeans. However, there are many parts of Australia where information on edible insects is still strong and needs to be recorded accurately for long‐term use. Recent identification of “witchetty grubs” from the witchetty bush at Barrow Creek has revealed that those there, based on their DNA, are not Endoxyla leucomochla. As grubs are collected and eaten before they mature and scientific taxonomy is based on adults, there are many unanswered questions on the grub identification and biology, host plants, and plant and grub distributions.     

Hierarchical classification of pollinating flying insects under changing environments

Automatic monitoring of flying insects enables quick and efficient observations and management of ecologically and economically important targets such as pollinators, disease vectors, and agricultural pests. Studies on this topic mainly cover the tasks of detection and identification or classification, the latter often guided by the flight sounds of insects. This paper uses domain knowledge and taxonomy information to classify bee and wasp species based on abiotic variables and wing-beat data that change depending on climatic-environmental conditions. We survey the state-of-the-art in hierarchical classification and evaluate the most popular local and global methods for this task on flight data from nine hymenopteran species. We collected the data in Brazilian fields employing an inexpensive optical sensor. Our results show that it is possible to hierarchically classify groups of specimens per species, species, and groups of species according to their wing-beat data at different temperature and relative humidity levels with at least 91% accuracy. Besides benefiting research aimed at building insect classifiers adaptable to natural variations in the environment, this study is a vital step in a series of efforts to design non-invasive species monitoring techniques.     

After 7 years and 1000 citations: comparative assessment of the DNA barcoding and the DNA taxonomy proposals for taxonomists and non-taxonomists

In 2003, two different approaches-DNA taxonomy and DNA barcoding-were simultaneously proposed to overcome some of the perceived intrinsic weaknesses of the traditional morphology-based taxonomical system, and to help non-taxonomists to resolve their crucial need for accurate and rapid species identification tools. After 7 years, it seems unlikely that a completely new taxonomical system based on molecular characters only (DNA taxonomy) will develop in the future. It is more likely that both morphological and molecular data will be simultaneously analyzed, developing what has been coined as "integrative taxonomy". Concerning DNA barcoding, it is now clear that it does not focus on building a tree-of-life nor to perform DNA taxonomy, but rather to produce a universal molecular identification key based on strong taxonomic knowledge that is collated in the barcode reference library. The indisputable success of the DNA barcoding project is chiefly due to the fact that DNA barcoding standards considerably enhance current practices in the molecular identification field, and standardization offers virtually endless applications for various users.     

Medium molecular weight polar substances of the cuticle as tools in the study of the taxonomy,systematics and chemical ecology of tropical hover wasps (Hymenoptera: Stenogastrinae)

The Stenogastrinae wasps have been proposed as a key group for an understanding of social evolution in insects, but the phylogeny of the group is still under discussion. The use of chemical characters, in particular cuticular hydrocarbons, for insect taxonomy is relatively recent and only a few studies have been conducted on the cuticular polar substances. In this work, we ascertain, by the matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry technique, that different species of primitively eusocial hover wasps have different compositions of the epicuticular polar compounds ranging from 900 to 3600 Da. General linear model analysis and discriminant analysis showed that the average spectral profiles of this fraction can be diagnostic for identification of the species. Moreover, for the first time we show population diversification in the medium MW polar cuticular mixtures in insects. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the chemical characters are consistent with the physical characters and the study support the importance of medium MW polar substances as powerful tools for systematics (chemosystematics) and chemical ecology (fertility signal and population characterization) in a primitively social insect taxon.     

真菌DNA条形码技术研究进展

DNA条形码(DNA barcoding)技术作为一门新兴的物种鉴定方法以其灵敏、精确、方便和客观的优势,在动植物和微生物的分类鉴定中已经得到广泛应用.真菌鉴定中常用作标准条形码的是核核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(Internal transcribed spacer,ITS),如今也有一些新型条形码被发现和应用到实际操作中,如微条形码、ND6、EF3.本文对DNA条形码技术的产生和发展做出了总结,通过研究其在真菌中应用的实际案例分析了DNA条形码技术的优缺点及发展趋势,并指出DNA条形码技术将以全新的视角来弥补传统分类学的不足,最终实现生物自身的序列变异信息与现有形态分类学的结合.     

Taxonomie, écologie et lutte biologique

Summary It is impossible to study modern taxonomy without taking into consideration the population genetic and ecology. Thé Linnean concept of monotypic species should be replaced by the biometric study of the frequency of the variability of the biological characters (particularly morphological) used in taxonomy. The study of populations offers a larger scientific interest than the one of isolated types. It gives the possibility of caracterizing the evolution stability of the species. So, Taxonomy can help considerably in biological control. By revealing large variability species, it gives a criterion of their adjusting plasticity. But, by definition, the biological control is based on the adjusting capacity of the entomophagous insects either to a new host or to a new environment. Information given by the taxonomist on the species stability has consequently a great value in the choice and use of the Entomophagous insects. — Ecologists using biological control, expect from the taxonomist to lie more than a label, which implies the use of biometric analysis methods in Entomophagous taxonomy.      

丛枝菌根真菌系统分类及群落研究技术进展

丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）是自然生态系统重要的组成部分,能与植物根系形成互惠共生体.传统的AMF分类主要依赖于对土壤无性孢子的形态鉴定,具有一定的局限性.近年来基于核酸分析的分子鉴定技术使AMF的分类更具科学性和准确性,补充和完善了基于孢子形态鉴定所建立的分类系统.AMF群落研究依赖于AMF的分类鉴定,主要包括孢子形态鉴定和分子生物学分析两类研究法.本文综述了AMF的分类系统和群落研究方法,着重介绍了近年来应用较多的AMF群落研究的分子生物学技术.作者认为,采取形态与分子相结合的办法将有助于推动AMF群落研究和AMF自然分类系统的建立和完善.     

Development trends in taxonomy,with special reference to fungi

Taxonomy is a traditional subject, but it still receives attention and has become a topic of much discussion in recent years. Many of these discussions have raised concerns about the future of taxonomy, especially with regard to the workforce responsible for the discovery of new species in the context of declining biodiversity. Previous discussions were based on the taxonomic data of plants and animals, but the status of fungal taxonomy has not been mentioned. Fungi have one of the highest levels of biodiversity among all living organisms, second only to insects. The discussion of the future of taxonomy without the inclusion of fungal data is incomplete. Here, we present the results of analyses based on all new fungal taxa published since 1753. Fungal taxonomy is an ever‐growing area of study with increasing numbers of new taxa being described and growing numbers of fungal taxonomists. Compared with plants and most animal groups, there has been a much sharper increase in the rate at which new fungal taxa are being described. Furthermore, the number of taxonomists studying fungi has increased at a faster speed than those studying plants or animals. This indicates that fungal taxonomy is a prosperous subject and a dynamic area for scientific studies, and that it deserves much more attention and support. The study of fungal taxonomy will deepen our understanding of the biodiversity of our planet.