PVA共固定化双菌种发酵海藻酒的研究

采用ＰＶＡ为载体共固定化酿酒酵母和产香酵母发酵海藻,酿造海藻酒。对游离细胞与固定化细胞的分批发酵和连续发酵的动力学进行了研究并建立了相应的发酵动力学方程。实验结果表明：酿酒酵母和产香酵母二种菌种菌量的最佳配比为４∶１,发酵温度２０℃,共固定化细胞分批发酵和连续发酵凝胶粒的充填系数分别为０２５和０５,游离混合细胞的发酵时间为７ｄ,共固定化细胞连续发酵稀释速率０１２／ｈ,其发酵时间为０５ｄ左右。经１６０ｄ连续发酵实验,ＰＶＡ固定化细胞粒子的机械强度良好。     

中西医结合治疗毒蛇咬伤397例

我院１９９０～１９９６年１０月共收治各种毒蛇咬伤病人３９７例,疗效满意,现总结如下。１临床资料１一般资料３９７例中男性２５５例,女性１４２例;年龄５～７３岁;其中农民２８１例,学生２５例,捕蛇者７０例,其他２１例;蛇伤后至就诊时间１５ｍｉｎ至１ｈ１０...     

浅谈蛇酒的药用与泡制

蛇酒是将蛇与酒合理配伍 ,可用于保健、治病的一种酒剂。以蛇泡酒在我国已有悠久的历史。用蛇酒治病 ,早在西周时期 ,我国劳动人民就开始饮用 ,数千年来 ,祖国医学在蛇酒方面积累了宝贵的经验。随着人民生活水平的不断提高 ,蛇酒越来越受到人们的重视和欢迎。　　高度的纯粮酒能使蛇体内的有效成分完全溶解释放 ,而且容易保存 ,饮用方便。纯粮酒本身就有温通血脉的作用 ,蛇借酒性 ,酒助蛇力 ,更可加强搜风通络之功能。蛇酒饮后可提高机体免疫力 ,使肌肉消除疲劳 ,并有增食、提神的作用 ,有利于身体健康的同时还可用于治疗疾病。比如 :祛湿搜…     

玉米自交系中白芸豆（PhaseolusvulgarisL．）DNA的导入转化及引起性状变异的研究初报

本实验对受体花粉携带法在玉米自交系转育中做了进一步的探讨。提取白芸豆ＤＮＡ,将其与受体花粉混合后授粉,其变异率在９．６×１０－５－５．５６×１０－２之间,若对混合后时间长短做以比较,则变异顺序为２０ｍｉｎ＞０～５ｍｉｎ＞１０～１５ｍｉｎ,若同时考虑到当代结实率、不出苗率等,则花粉与ＤＮＡ混合０～５ｍｉｎ后授粉为宜．变异性状为株高、生育期、株型、育性等微效多基因控制的数量性状,质量性状的变化不明显．     

七星瓢虫的室内培养和生活史观察

七星瓢虫隶属昆虫纲、鞘翅目,在我国广泛分布。通过组织学生饲养可观察昆虫的完全变态,并能以此为材料学会制作完全变态的标本,从而激发学生对生命科学的兴趣。１　成虫的饲养在放有湿棉球的玻璃缸内加入捕到的成虫。玻璃缸放在光线较充足的地方（温度２０～２８℃;相对湿度７０％～８０％）,每日喂食２次。喂食时可将蚜虫连同少量寄主植物放入饲养缸内,以维持蚜虫的生活。若蚜虫不足,可用人工饲料替代。配制方法是将去掉结缔组织的新鲜猪肝∶蔗糖∶蜂蜜（５∶１∶１）混合,匀浆后离心（８０００ｒｐｍ）１０ｍｉｎ,上清液放入冰箱…     

植物材料表面消毒方法的改进

苹果枝条用０．１％ＨｇＣＩ2磁力搅拌消毒１５-２０ｍｉｎ,无菌水磁力搅拌清洗５次,每次５ｍｉｎ。污染率和杀死率在１０％以下,成功率９０％左右,且无褐化。     

血链球菌拮抗可疑牙周病原菌机理探讨I．血链球菌培养上清液抑菌活性研究

本研究建立一种敏感的抑菌试验,微量琼脂糖弥散法,分析血链球菌培养上清液的抑菌作用。结果发现,牙周病原菌在血链球菌培养上清液中孵育３０ｍｉｎ,菌落形成数低于对照组,微量琼糖弥散法测定血链球菌培养上清液的抑菌活性,显示血链球茵培养１２ｈ后,培养上清液出现抑菌活性,７２ｈ达高峰。在有蔗糖及ｐＨ８．５ＴＰＹ培养基中培养的血链球菌上清液可形成较大抑菌环,厌氧环境培养的血链球菌上清掖抑菌活性略高于需氧环境。     

长角血蜱幼虫中的蜕皮甾类(英文)

本文用放射免疫分析和高效液相色谱法对长角血蜱幼虫中的蜕皮甾类进行了测定。　蜕皮甾类存在于吸血和饱血幼虫,并且随生理时期而变化。吸血期和饱血后前３天,激素含量低（小于 １４． ３５ｐｇ ＥＥ／只）;饱血后５天迅速上升（２９．８７ｐｇ ＥＥ／只）;饱血后７天达到高峰（５６． ０４ｐｇ ＥＥ／只）;高峰后又下降到低水平（１９．３８ ｐｇＥＥ／只）。高峰期的蜕皮甾类主要为两种成分,２０Ｅ和Ｅ（２０Ｅ∶Ｅ＝３．０７∶１）。２０Ｅ可能是幼虫发育中起主要作用的激素。     

儿童在背负四种不同重量书包下行走时的生理反应

目的和方法：用连续心率监测和气体分析的方法测量了１５名１２岁男孩,在分别负载相当於他们体重１０％,１５％和２０％重的书包,并以不背书包为对照的情况下,以１．１ｍ／ｓ的速度步行２０ｍｉｎ中,停止步行后３ｍｉｎ和５ｍｉｎ的心率、能量消耗和人体工作强度（％最大摄氧量）的变化。受试者的血压亦在步行前,步行后即刻、３ｍｉｎ和５ｍｉｎ予以测量。结果：当受试者负载２０％体重书包行走至５ｍｉｎ时,其能量消耗,摄氧量的变化和相对工作强度较负重０％、１０％和１５％体重行走有显著性差异。     

生物保鲜剂对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌等5株病原菌的抑菌效果

利用河北省科学院微生物研究所研制的生物酶保鲜剂对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌等５株病原菌进行抑菌试验,结果表明,生物保鲜剂对３株沙门氏菌,２菌弧菌科病原菌作了敏感,当生物保鲜浓度为０．５－５％时,大多数抑菌圈直径在１５－２４．５毫米,可与０．０１％氟哌酸的抑菌效果相比。     

蛇毒抗肿瘤作用研究进展

蛇毒含有多种酶类和毒性蛋白,具有广泛的生物学活性。对蛇毒各种组分的研究,发现蛇毒具有抗血栓,止血,镇痛及抗肿瘤的作用。本就其抗肿瘤方面的研究进展进行了综述,介绍了蛇毒的抑瘤机制,抑瘤活性成分的分离纯化,理化特性及研究方向和应用前景。     

中国水蛇脑动脉的初步观察

取已帮血管单注射的中国水蛇头部标本浸于10％HNO3中12小时,剥去脑颅各骨,可看到左右脑动脉之间有很多交通支相连,令左颈总动态血液通过这些交通支达到右侧脑部以及右侧头部各组织器官。脑动脉另一个特点是具有中脑动脉环。     

Ultrastructure of the placentae of the natricine snake,Virginia striatula (Reptilia: Squamata)

Virginia striatula is a viviparous snake with a complex pattern of embryonic nutrition. Nutrients for embryonic development are provided by large, yolked eggs, supplemented by placental transfer. Placentation in this species is surprisingly elaborate for a predominantly lecithotrophic squamate reptile. The embryonic-maternal interface consists of three structurally distinct areas, an omphalallantoic placenta and a regionally diversified chorioallantoic placenta. The chorioallantoic placenta over the embryonic hemisphere (paramesometrial region) of the egg, features close apposition of embryonic and uterine blood vessels because of the attenuate form of the interceding epithelial cells. The periphery of the chorioallantoic placenta, which is adjacent to the omphalallantoic placenta, is characterized by a simple cuboidal uterine epithelium apposed to a stratified cuboidal chorionic epithelium. There are no sites with attenuate epithelial cells and close vascular apposition. The morphology of the omphalallantoic placenta is similar to that of the peripheral chorioallantoic placenta, except that the height of uterine epithelial cells is greater and allantoic blood vessels are not associated with the embryonic epithelium. The functional capabilities of the three placental regions are not known, but structural characteristics suggest that the omphalallantoic placenta and peripheral zone of the chorioallantoic placenta are sites of nutritional provision via histotrophy. The paramesometrial region of the chorioallantoic placenta is also nutritive, in addition to functioning as the primary embryonic respiratory system. The structure of the chorioallantoic placenta of V. striatula is a new placental morphotype for squamate reptiles that is not represented by a classic model for the evolution of reptilian placentation.     

蛇毒类凝血酶的分子生物学研究进展及其应用

蛇毒类凝血酶在体外可以作用于纤维蛋白原使其凝固,具有类似凝血酶的功能。但在体内却表现出抗凝、降纤的功能。本概述了蛇毒类凝血酶对纤维蛋白原的识别和作用、序列同源性特点、cDNA克隆的表达以及在临床中的应用。     

海南陆生蛇类调查

2002年至2004年寒似前后,作者（赵与赵）应邀到海南师范大学参加该校生物系组织的几次海南岛两栖爬行动物调查,该校生物系学乍历年野外实习也收集了一部分标本。2003年寒假,四川大学生命科学学院少数教师和研究生曾到海南岛采集研究材料,本文也参考了其中的部分蛇类标本。按调查课题分工,本文报道陆生蛇类的调查结果,计共得海南陆生蛇类标本191号37种,隶23属5科。     

后毒牙类毒蛇

长期以来,人们仅把具有沟牙和管牙的蛇视为毒蛇,然而,近年来发现游蛇科中的虎斑颈槽蛇、红脖颈槽蛇、颈棱蛇、赤链蛇等既无管牙,也无沟牙,却频频发生这类蛇咬伤人后引起中毒的事例,甚至出现被咬伤致严重出血休克死亡的事件。经深入研究后发现,这些蛇虽没有沟牙和管牙,但却具有产生毒性分泌物的毒腺—杜氏腺(Duvernoy′s gland)及皮下腺,且不同的毒腺具有不同的毒性作用,可表现为出血不止、溶血、呼吸困难、肾损害等。这类蛇与毒腺的导管有联系的上颌牙明显粗大,上颌牙与上颌骨、横骨连接牢固,毒腺里的毒液可顺着粗大的上颌牙流入伤口,因此,应视为"后毒牙类毒蛇"。     

血循毒蛇咬伤激素用量研究

目的研究血循毒蛇咬伤患者激素使用最佳剂量。方法收集我院2007~2014年血循毒蛇咬伤住院患者339例,随机给予5~40mg不同剂量地塞米松治疗,比较其需要使用激素的时间、住院时间及其并发症发生率。结果 10、15mg剂量组需要使用激素时间分别为2.29、2.30天,相对于5、20、25、30、40mg剂量组(分别为5.30、3.22、3.50、3.34、3.25天)具有统计学意义(P0.05)。其中5mg剂量组的住院时间为7.58天,相对于10、15、20、25、30、40 mg剂量组(分别为4.01、3.94、3.90、3.88、3.91、4.30天)具有统计学意义(P0.05);10、15mg剂量组的并发症发生率分别为4.48%、4.00%,相对于5、20、25、30、40mg剂量组(分别为14.70%、10.42%、14.29%、17.50%、21.21%)具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论地塞米松10、15mg剂量为血循毒蛇咬伤患者激素使用最佳用量。     

蝮蛇毒蛋白C激活成份的柱层析分离及生物学性质

本文以浙江产蝮蛇毒为材料,经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００和ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ５０二次柱层析,分离到的峰Ⅱ蛋白组份具有强烈抗血液凝固活性,并能够激活人血浆中的蛋白Ｃ,特异地使发色底物分解而产生颜色,生色反应光密度变化确定峰Ⅱ组份激活作用的大小。峰Ⅱ组份无直接生色作用,其激活血浆蛋白Ｃ的反应曲线类似国外同类产品Ｐｒｏｔａｃ,与激活物的蛋白浓度和血浆浓度成正比关系,但激活作用较Ｐｒｏｔａｃ弱。     

Snake modulates constriction in response to prey's heartbeat

Many species of snakes use constriction-the act of applying pressure via loops of their trunk-to subdue and kill their prey. Constriction is costly and snakes must therefore constrict their prey just long enough to ensure death. However, it remains unknown how snakes determine when their prey is dead. Here, we demonstrate that boas (Boa constrictor) have the remarkable ability to detect a heartbeat in their prey and, based on this signal, modify the pressure and duration of constriction accordingly. We monitored pressure generated by snakes as they struck and constricted warm cadaveric rats instrumented with a simulated heart. Snakes responded to the beating heart by constricting longer and with greater total pressure than when constricting rats with no heartbeat. When the heart was stopped midway through the constriction, snakes abandoned constriction shortly after the heartbeat ceased. Furthermore, snakes naive to live prey also responded to the simulated heart, suggesting that this behaviour is at least partly innate. These results are an example of how snakes integrate physiological cues from their prey to modulate a complex and ancient behavioural pattern.     

Snake venomics of two poorly known Hydrophiinae: Comparative proteomics of the venoms of terrestrial Toxicocalamus longissimus and marine Hydrophis cyanocinctus

The venom proteomes of Toxicocalamus longissimus and Hydrophis cyanocinctus, a fossorial and a marine species, respectively, of the Hydrophiinae genus of Elapidae, were investigated by Edman degradation of RP-HPLC isolated proteins, and de novo MS/MS sequencing of in-gel derived tryptic peptide ions. The toxin arsenal of T. longissimus is made up of 1-2 type-I PLA(2) molecules, which account for 6.5% of the venom proteins, a minor PIII-SVMP (1.4% of the venom toxins), and ~20 members of the 3FTx family comprising 92% of the venom proteome. Seventeen proteins (5 type-I PLA(2)s and 12 3FTxs) were found in the venom of H. cyanocinctus. Three-finger toxins and type-I PLA(2) proteins comprise, respectively, 81% and 19% of its venom proteome. The simplicity of the H. cyanocinctus venom proteome is highlighted by the fact that only 6 venom components (3 short-chain neurotoxins, two long-chain neurotoxins, and one PLA(2) molecule) exhibit relative abundances >5%. As expected from its high neurotoxin abundance, the LD(50) for mice of H. cyanocinctus venom was fairly low, 0.132μg/g (intravenous) and 0.172μg/g (intraperitoneal). Our data indicate that specialization towards a lethal cocktail of 3FTx and type-I PLA(2) molecules may represent a widely adopted trophic solution throughout the evolution of Elapidae. Our results also points to a minimization of the molecular diversity of the toxin arsenal of the marine snake Hydrophis cyanocinctus in comparison to the venom proteome of its terrestrial relatives, and highlight that the same evolutionary solution, economy of the toxin arsenal, has been convergently adopted by different taxa in response to opposite selective pressures, loss and gain of neurotoxicity.