云南一些植物特征成分与古夷平面的相关性

生理生态学的原则是随着纬度的升高,物种分布的海拔高度将随之降低。但是,云南一些植物特征成分的分布却与之相反,它们的分布与云南残留的古夷平面的分布相似,即随着纬度的升高,其分布的海拔高度也随之升高。二者的区别是云南古夷平面分布的趋势线的仰角大于那些特征成分分布的趋势线的仰角。可能的原因是：相对于剧烈的地质运动,物种的适应能力总是相对滞后的,并且物种的分布也受到其生长特性的制约;根据分布区形成的原则,这些成分的发生应早于夷平面的隆起。     

浅谈果树病虫害综合防治技术研究

在我国的农业生产的过程中,对于果树的病虫害综合防治是农业生产效益的根本保障,我国是一个农业大国,尤其是在我国的北方,果树的栽培更是有着悠久的历史,在近些年中由于技术的进步果树的品种更新的速度也在不断的加快,但是随之而来的就是果树的病虫害的问题,它对于果树的影响非常的大,直接在经济上给果农带来严重的损失,为了能够让果农的经济效益得到保障,对于果树的病虫害防治就显得极为重要。本文主要是对东北地区的果树病虫害的现状进行简要的分析,并对果树病虫害的综合防治技术进行研究找出适当的对策,希望能有所裨益。     

中学八年级人体解剖生理学教程中高级神经活动概念的建立

绪言自从1950年召开的研究巴甫洛夫生理学说问题的苏联科学院及苏联医学科学院的科学会议以后,则产生了根据巴甫洛夫学说讲授中学的人体解剖生理学的必要性. 巴甫洛夫的高级神经活动学说是他的生理学说的顶峰,是中学学生所必需获得的,巴甫洛夫有关高级神经活动的概念,可以在人体解剖生理课程中阐明,但是它的形成在动物学的课程中就应当开始.高级神经活动的概念,在说明关于有机体为统一的整体的较为总括性的概念中,是起一个主导作用的.学生自觉的掌握巴甫洛夫的“高级神经活动”概念,将会有助于学生树立辩证唯物主义的、无神论的世界观.学生具备了高级神经活动的概念,则给中学10年级学习心理学打下了良好的基础.一直到现在为止,在学校的人体解剖生理学课程中树立高级神经活动概念的方法的问题,尚未得到必要的解决.     

追求野性美的极致

对于罗红来说,热爱自然始于被自然的征服,始于非洲的原野上“生命就在你身边奔流”的时候,发现了“那么多的生命可以跟人类如此之近,有多美好”。同时也始于被蹂躏的自然的伤痛。于是他的镜头,才可能在动物的世界里,创造出“那么多让人热血沸腾的故事”。从一个旁观者的角度,进入到撼人心魄的生物圈,然后又选择了从数千米的高空,俯瞰这个世界的美丽。距离的远近不是心灵远近的同义词,罗红大气、美丽的自然,说出了一个普通而又意味深长的哲理。以一种爱的力量在很近的心灵的距离俯瞰宏大的自然,世界才会呈现出完全不同的意味。当然,这样的一个过程,是漫长而艰巨的,也是值得的。[编者按]     

谈生物教学中科学素质与品质的培养

在中学阶段的生物教学中，科学素质教育的任务是什么？笔者认为科学素质教育应包括运用科学的方法、选择适当的实验材料、执着的钻研精神、敏锐的观察能力、实事求是的态度以及耐得住清贫和寂寞的生活方式的教育等。科学品质的培养则依赖于正确的思想观念的确立和高尚的道...     

当代手术室护士素质能力要求

素质原本是心理学的一个专门术语,是指人的一种较稳定的心理特征。素质广义的解释分先天与后天两方面。先天的自然性的一面,是指人在某些方面的与生俱来的特点和原有基础,即天生的感知器官,神经系统,特别是大脑结构和功能上的一系列特点而言;素质的后天的社会性的一面是主要的,是指通过不断的培养、教育、自我修养、自我磨练而获得的一系列知识技能、行为习惯、文化涵养、品质特点的总和。护士的素质包括思想品质素质和专业素质两个方面。而对于手术室护士的素质就有更高更广泛的要求,特别是对于当代手术室护士的素质能力,只有提高了手术室护士的素质,才能改善医院手术室的护理质量,更好的适应当代手术室的工作要求。如何提高手术室护士的素质能力,是摆在我们面前的重要课题,作者结合多年担任手术室护士和护士长的经验就手术室护士应具有的素质能力,提高手术室护士素质的途径和方法做如下探讨。     

生物催化剂发现与改造的研究进展

生物催化是指将酶或生物有机体用于有用的化学转化的过程,在人们对传统化学催化的环境影响抱有忧虑的情况下,生物催化提供了一种有吸引力的选择。在过去的几十年里,对生物催化剂的研究每出现一次大的进步,生物催化的发展就会出现一次高潮。因此,生物催化剂的发现与改造已成为当今研究的热点。宏基因组文库技术的出现克服了许多微生物不可培养的障碍,人们能够从自然资源中获得丰富的潜在的生物催化剂。而基于理性设计的分子改造技术的发展,可以使得人们对潜在的生物催化剂进行快速而有效的改造以满足工业化生产的需求。随着生物催化剂发现与改造的手段不断进步,更多的优良生物催化剂得到了广泛的应用,生物催化在工业生产中也得到了更深入的应用。结合作者的研究工作,总结了生物催化剂发现与改良的一些研究进展,以为获得更多优良的、能够实现工业应用的生物催化剂奠定理论基础。     

恐龙的体重是怎么知道的?

当人们走进自然历史博物馆,看到巨大的恐龙骨架时,总是情不自禁地问道:这条恐龙有多少吨重?这就产生了怎样测量恐龙体重的问题。过去很长的一个时期,人们是依据恐龙骨架的大小,它的脚印的大小和凹陷的深浅,参考现代的一些脊椎动物的重量,作大体上的推测。例如要测量的恐龙骨架与现代的印度象差不多,就估计恐龙的体重约为5吨左右。显然这种方法并不准确。后来,有些研究恐龙的科学家不断提出测量恐龙体重的方案。目前,在我国普遍认为行之有效的测量恐龙体重的方法,是采用美国科尔伯特改进的用复原模型测量的方法。他的方法是,根据一个简单的物理学原理:体积×比重=体重。体积是用要测量的恐龙的复原模型求出来的。首先要依据待测恐龙的骨架的尺度,作出一个一     

医院对外宣传的实践路径探讨

医院的对外宣传工作的目的是为了更好的介绍医院,展示医院,树立医院在社会公众心中的良好形象。使更多的人们了解医院的专业性,服务大众的水平,医院的各项惠民政策,医疗科普知识等。建立健康的、和谐的医患关系,推动医疗卫生事业的蓬勃发展。本文从医院对外宣传存在的问题,新时期医院对外宣传的实践路径进行了简单的论述。     

中国国花评选浅议

许多国家都有了自己的国花。如朝鲜的金达莱,日本的樱花,英国的蔷薇,法国的百合花,美国的山杞花,德国的矢车菊,意大利的雏菊,加拿大的糖槭花,西班牙的石榴花,希腊的橄榄花,爱尔兰的酢浆草花,墨西哥的仙人掌花。这些花,或因原产于所在的国家,或因遍植于该国,或与该国人民     

Effects of some rare elements on nicotine content of the tobacco plant

Fifty-four rare elements were tested for their effects on the nicotine level of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants grown in solution culture. Be, Cu, Pd, Pt, and Sm definitely increased nicotine yield (over 25%), whereas Bi, Co, Ho, Pb, Ni, Rb, Ag, Tl, Sn, U. V. and Zr definitely decreased nicotine yield. Cs, Er, Li, Rh, Ru, Se, Sr, Ti, and Yb possibly increased (less than 25%) nicotine yield, whereas As, Ce, Cr, Dy, Gd, I, Mo, Nd, Re, Ta, and Th possibly decreased nicotine yield. Other elements including Al, Ge, Au, Hf, In, Ir, La, Lu, Hg, Os, Pr, Sc, Te, Tb, Tm, W, and Zn showed no significant effects.     

Optimization of parameters for semiempirical methods IV: extension of MNDO,AM1, and PM3 to more main group elements

The NDDO semiempirical methods MNDO, AM1, and PM3 have been extended to all the remaining non-radioactive elements of the main group, excluding the noble gases. Most of the new elements are of Groups I and II. 44 sets of parameters are presented for the following methods and elements. MNDO: Na, Mg, K, Ca, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, In, Sb, Te, Cs, Ba, Tl, and Bi; AM1: Li, Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb, and Bi; PM3: B, Na, K, Ca, Rb, Sr, Cs, and Ba. Average errors are presented for heats of formation, molecular geometries, etc.     

东喜马拉雅地区多孔菌区系和生态习性

对东喜马拉雅地区多孔菌区系和生态习性进行了分析,发现该地区多孔菌极为丰富,共有10目19科101属372种,其中优势科为多孔菌科和锈革孔菌科,优势属为木层孔菌属和多孔菌属。种的区系地理成分可以分为8类,其中北温带类型种类最多,表明东喜马拉雅地区多孔菌具有明显的北温带区系特征。该地区的多孔菌有常见种、偶见种、稀有种和濒危种分别为156、141、54和21个;有腐生菌304种、寄生菌49种、菌根菌19种。在寄主方面,能够生长在被子植物上的有256种,裸子植物上的有137种,既能生长在被子植物,也能生长在裸子植物上的有40种,地上生长的有19种。东喜马拉雅地区的裸子植物,特别是云杉属、松属和冷杉属树木对于多孔菌的生长更重要,因为生长在这些属树木上的多孔菌分别有71、68和51种,高于该地区被子植物其他属树木上的多孔菌。     

Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 April 2010 - 31 May 2010

This article documents the addition of 396 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Anthocidaris crassispina, Aphis glycines, Argyrosomus regius, Astrocaryum sciophilum, Dasypus novemcinctus, Delomys sublineatus, Dermatemys mawii, Fundulus heteroclitus, Homalaspis plana, Jumellea rossii, Khaya senegalensis, Mugil cephalus, Neoceratitis cyanescens, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Phytophthora infestans, Piper cordulatum, Pterocarpus indicus, Rana dalmatina, Rosa pulverulenta, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Scomber colias, Semecarpus kathalekanensis, Stichopus monotuberculatus, Striga hermonthica, Tarentola boettgeri and Thermophis baileyi. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Aphis gossypii, Sooretamys angouya, Euryoryzomys russatus, Fundulus notatus, Fundulus olivaceus, Fundulus catenatus, Fundulus majalis, Jumellea fragrans, Jumellea triquetra Jumellea recta, Jumellea stenophylla, Liza richardsonii, Piper marginatum, Piper aequale, Piper darienensis, Piper dilatatum, Rana temporaria, Rana iberica, Rana pyrenaica, Semecarpus anacardium, Semecarpus auriculata, Semecarpus travancorica, Spondias acuminata, Holigarna grahamii, Holigarna beddomii, Mangifera indica, Anacardium occidentale, Tarentola delalandii, Tarentola caboverdianus and Thermophis zhaoermii.     

Studies on the Thermal Destruction of Escherichia coli in Milk and Milk Products

Escherichia coli (ATCC no. 9637) was shown to have mean D values (slope of destruction rate curve) of 28.2, 5.1, 1.3, 0.00195, 0.00100, 0.00055, 0.00029, and 0.00016 min in milk at temperatures of 125, 130, 135, 168, 170, 172, 174, and 176 F, respectively. The mean D values for this organism in chocolate milk were 32.2, 10.4, 2.6, 0.00265, 0.00133, 0.00069, 0.00035, and 0.00028 min at respective temperatures of 125, 130, 135, 168, 170, 172, 174, and 176 F. Mean D values of 34.4, 10.0, 3.5, 0.00093, 0.00080, 0.00068, 0.00043, and 0.00036 min were found in cream for respective temperatures of 125, 130, 135, 168, 170, 172, 174, and 176 F. In ice cream mix the organism was found to have mean D values of 39.3, 15.2, 5.1, 0.00147, 0.00120, 0.00078, 0.00070, and 0.00053 min for temperatures of 125, 130, 135, 170, 172, 174, 176, and 178 F, respectively. The slopes of the thermal death time curves were found to be 10.2, 10.2, 10.0, and 10.3 F for this organism in milk, chocolate milk, 40% fat cream, and ice cream mix, respectively.     

Erhardorina n. g., Ascogregarina polynesiensis n. sp., Eimeria golemanskii n. sp., Isospora tamariscini n. sp., Gregarina kazumii n. nom., new combinations and emendations in the names of apicomplexan protozoa

On the basis of a review of the approximately 4300 species of apicomplexan protozoa, the following new species, new names, new combinations, and emendations are given: NEW GENUS, Erhardovina; NEW SPECIES, Ascogregarina polynesiensis, Eimeria golemanskii, Isospora tamariscini; NEW NAME, Gregarina kazumii; NEW COMBINATIONS, Ascogregarina brachyceri (Purrini, 1980), Erhardovina euzeti (Lipa, 1981), E. scutovertexi (Erhardová, 1955), Haemorhormidium batrachi (Chaudhuri & Choudhury, 1983); EMENDATIONS, Selenidium francianum (Arvy, 1952) Tuzet & Ormières, 1965, Pyxinioides bolitoides D. P. Henry, 1938, P. japonicus H. Hoshide, 1951, P. kamenote H. Hoshide, 1951, P. kurofuji H. Hoshide, 1951, P. oshoroensis H. Hoshide, 1951, P. pugetensis D. P. Henry, 1938, Gregarina levinei Haldar & Sarkar, 1980, Retractocephalus halticae Haldar, Chakraborty & Kundu, 1982, Cnemidospora schizophylli Tuzet & Guerin, 1947, Grebneckiella indica (Merton, 1911) Watson, 1916, Quadruspinospora atractomorphae Haldar & Chakraborty, 1978, Haemogregarina acipenseri Nawrotzky, 1914, H. lobianci Yakimov & Kohl-Yakimov, 1912, H. yakimovikohlae Wladimiroff, 1910, Hepatozoon luehi (Sambon, 1909) Pessoa, Cavalheiro & de Souza, 1970, Eimeria beyerae Ovezmukhammedov, 1977, E. (?) gigantea (Labbé, 1896) Reichenow, 1921, E. (?) labbei Hardcastle, 1943, E. rufi Prasad, 1960, E. (?) scylii (Drago, 1902) Levine & Becker, 1933, Isospora corvi Ray, Shivnani, Oommen & Bhaskaran, 1952, I. melopsittaci Bhatia, Chauhan, Arora & Agrawal, 1973, I. seicerci Ray, Shivnani, Oommen & Bhaskaran, 1952, I. stomatici Chakravarty & Kar, 1944, I. triffitae Nukerbaeva & Svanbaev, 1973, Wenyonella mackinnonae Misra, 1947, Octosporella sanguinolentae Ovezmukhammedov, 1975, Lankesterella millani Alvarez Calvo, 1975, Sarcocystis woodhousei Dogel', 1916, Haemoproteus lari Yakunin, 1972, Babesia ninakohlyakimovae (Yakimoff & Shokhor, 1916), Theileria ninakohlyakimovae (Yakimov, 1916) Krylov, 1974, Haemohormidium batrachi (Chaudhuri & Choudhury, 1983).     

Extreme climatic events in the Altai Republic according to dendrochronological data

The results of dating of extreme climatic events by damage to the anatomical structure and missing tree rings of the Siberian larch in the upper forest boundary of the Altai Republic are given. An analysis of the spatial distribution of the revealed dates over seven plots (Kokcy, Chind, Ak-ha, Jelo, Tute, Tara, and Sukor) allowed us to distinguish the extreme events on interregional (1700, 1783, 1788, 1812, 1814, 1884), regional (1724, 1775, 1784, 1835, 1840, 1847, 1850, 1852, 1854, 1869, 1871, 1910, 1917, 1927, 1938, 1958, 1961), and local (1702, 1736, 1751, 1785, 1842, 1843, 1874, 1885, 1886, 1919, 2007, and 2009) scales. It was shown that the events of an interregional scale correspond with the dates of major volcanic eruptions (Grimsvotn, Lakagigar, Etna, Awu, Tambora, Soufriere St. Vinsent, Mayon, and Krakatau volcanos) and extreme climatic events, crop failures, lean years, etc., registered in historical sources.     

Structure and occurrence of unusual fatty acids in minor seed oils

This review deals with the literature survey of the structure and occurrence of unusual and novel fatty acids in minor seed oils belonging to 37-botanical plant families. The plant families include—Anacardiaceae, Apocyanaceae, Araliaceae, Asclepediaceae, Bignoniaceae, Bombacaceae, Celastraceae, Chailletaceae, Compositae, Connaraceae, Coriaraceae, Cruciferae, Eleocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Labiateae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Lythraceae, Malphighiaceae, Malvaceae, Olacaceae, Papaveraceae, Polygonaceae Protaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Santalaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, Simarubiaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae, Thymalaceae, Ulmaceae, Umbelliferae and Valerianaceae.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on 59 Trace-Element Contents in Human Rib Bone Investigated by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The effect of age and gender on 59 trace-element contents in rib bone of 80 apparently healthy 15–55-year-old women (n?=?38) and men (n?=?42) was investigated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction (milligrams per kilogram, on dry-weight basis) of Ba, Bi, Cd, Ce, Cu, Dy, Er, Gd, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Nd, Pb, Pr, Rb, Sm, Sr, Tb, Tl, U, Yb, and Zn for both female and male taken together were: Ba 2.5?±?0.2, Bi 0.015?±?0.002, Cd 0.044?±?0.005, Ce 0.029?±?0.002, Cu 1.05?±?0.06, Dy 0.0020?±?0.0003, Er 0.0011?±?0.0002, Gd 0.0015?±?0.0001, La 0.020?±?0.002, Li 0.040?±?0.002, Mn 0.354?±?0.004, Mo 0.052?±?0.006, Nd 0.011?±?0.001, Pb 2.24?±?0.14, Pr 0.0032?±?0.0004, Rb 1.51?±?0.06, Sm 0.0014?±?0.0001, Sr 291?±?20, Tb 0.00041?±?0.00005, Tl 0.00050?±?0.00003, U 0.0013?±?0.0001, Yb 0.00072?±?0.00007, and Zn 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limit of mean contents of Ag, Al, B, Be, Br, Cr, Cs, Hg, Ho, Lu, Ni, Sb, Te, Th, Ti, Tm, and Y were: Ag?≤?0.011, Al?≤?7.2, B?≤?0.65, Be?≤?0.0032, Br?≤?3.9, Cr?≤?0.25, Cs?≤?0.0077, Hg?≤?0.018, Ho?≤?0.00053, Lu?≤?0.00024, Ni?≤?1.05, Sb?≤?0.0096, Te?≤?0.0057, Th?≤?0.0030, Ti?≤?2.8, Tm?≤?0.00006, and Y?≤?0.0047, respectively. In all bone samples, the contents of As, Au, Co, Eu, Ga, Hf, Ir, Nb, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Sc, Se, Sn, Ta, V, W, and Zr were under detection limits. The Ce, Dy, Er, Gd, La, Nd, Pr, Sm, Tb, and Yb contents increase with age. Higher Sr mass fraction is typical of female rib as compared to those in male bone.