黄芪叶中黄芪甲苷的含量测定

目的 :测定黄芪叶中黄芪甲苷的含量 ,寻找提取黄芪甲苷的新药源。方法 :本实验以黄芪甲苷为标准品 ,采用薄层色谱—分光光度法测定黄芪叶中黄芪甲苷的含量。结果 :叶中的黄芪甲苷含量是根中的 2 .8倍。结论 :黄芪叶有潜在的开发价值     

黄芪甲甙对实验性肺纤维化大鼠Cathepsin B表达的影响

目的:探讨黄芪甲甙时实验性肺纤维化大鼠肺组织中组织蛋白酶B(Cathepsin B,CB)表达的影响。方法:36只SD大鼠,随机分为对照组、模型组和干预组。模型组和干预组气管内注射博来霉素(BLM,5mg/kg)诱导肺纤维化,对照组在相同条件下给予生理盐水。第二天起干预组大鼠每天经胃管灌服0．1g/L黄芪甲甙2ml,其余两组相同条件下给予助溶剂羧甲基纤维素钠。治疗的第7d和28d,处死动物取出肺组织,进行病理学观察;测定28d肺组织中羟脯氨酸含量;用免疫组化和RT-PCR观察各组鼠肺组织CB蛋白及mRNA表达的水平。结果:病理学观察显示:与模型组比较,干预组肺泡炎和纤维化程度均减轻;模型组羟脯氨酸含量显著增高,而干预组与模型组比较羟脯氨酸含量明显降低;与模型组比较,干预组CB蛋白及mRNA表达显著降低。结论:黄芪甲甙可能通过押制CB的过度表达,对实验性大鼠肺纤维化具有良好的治疗作用。     

多花黄芪的三萜皂甙研究

豆科黄芪属(Astragalus)药用植物的三萜皂甙具有促进微循环和强心作用[1,2],临床上可明显改善心力衰竭病人的心功能。载入青海省新版药品标准[3]的黄芪属植物多花黄芪(AstragalusfloridusBenth.)其化学成分尚未见报道。为科学评价其质量,进一步扩大黄芪药源,作者对多花黄芪的化学成分进行了研究,从其干燥根中提取的总甙粗品部分,经硅胶柱层析和结晶纯化,分得5种三萜皂甙成分,通过光谱分析和化学方法,鉴定为绵毛黄芪甙(1)、黄芪皂甙(2)、黄芪皂甙(3)、绵毛黄芪甙(4)和膜荚黄芪甙(5)[4～7]。实　验　部　分熔点用4显微熔点测定仪测定,温度计…     

用农杆菌Ri诱导蒙古黄芪发根培养的研究

用蒙古黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus Bunge var mongolicus (Bunge) Hsiao) 无菌籽苗的不同部位作为外植体, 用发根农杆菌(Agrobacterium rhizogenes) R1601进行感染, 该品系对不同外植体诱导毛状根的能力是不同的。由下胚轴成功的诱导出毛状根。在附加100μmol/L乙酰丁香酮(acetosyringone)、0 3 mg/L IBA的条件下, 诱导率达42 2%。用硅胶薄层层析法检测到毛状根中含有冠瘿碱, 用硅胶薄层扫描法(TLCS) 测定了蒙古黄芪野生根、栽培根及毛状根中的黄芪甲甙( astragaloside IV) 含量, (用黄芪甲甙标准品作对照), 它们分别为0 2654% (DW), 0 2071% (DW) 和0 2535% (DW)。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定消栓通颗粒中黄芪甲苷的含量

目的:建立测定消栓通颗粒中黄芪甲苷含量的新方法.方法:采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法测定,色谱柱为kromasilC18柱,以乙腈-水(32:68)为流动相,流速为1.0ml/min,ELSD条件为飘逸管温度为105℃,载气流速为2.5L/min;测定消栓通颗粒中黄芪甲苷的含量.结果:黄芪甲苷在1.08μg-6.48μg范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.9999),平均加样回收率为100.2%,RSD为0.93%.结论:方法灵敏、可靠、准确、重复性好,可作为消栓通颗粒的质量控制方法.     

黄芪甲甙干预大鼠肺纤维化相关基因的时空表达

目的:通过基因芯片技术研究大鼠肺纤维化不同时间点和应用黄芪甲甙干预后的基因差异表达,寻找肺纤维化的致病基因和应用黄芪甲甙进行干预治疗相关的靶基因.方法:用含41000个基因的安捷伦大鼠芯片同模型组7天和模型组28天以及BLM+黄芪甲甙组28天的大鼠肺组织进行杂交.利用安捷伦基因扫描仪扫描杂交图像.模型组7天和BLM+黄芪甲甙组与模型组28天进行比较,筛选Ratio值大于2的差异基因进行分析,重复3次.结果:模型组28天对比7天共有2063个基因表达差异,筛选109个基因,43个上调,66个下调.黄芪甲甙28天组对比模型28天组4269个基因表达差异,筛选68个基因,45个上调,23个下调.通过GO和PATHWAY分析软件,提示有不同的功能分类和信号传导途径.结论:基因芯片为了解肺纤维化不同时间点的基因表达的异常,以及黄芪甲甙治疗肺纤维化的可能机制和药物靶基因的提供了理论基础.     

黄芪甲苷促进心肌干细胞分化的作用研究

目的 探讨黄芪甲苷对心肌干细胞分化的促进作用。方法 采用磁珠分选法,分离小鼠Sca-1＋心肌干细胞,通过免疫组化方法观察黄芪甲甙处理后心肌细胞表面标志蛋白desmin、α-sarcomeric？actin和C-TnT表达的变化,以判断是否对心肌干细胞分化有促进作用。结果 250 mg/L的黄芪甲甙诱导4周后免疫组化染色显示心肌干细胞明显表达desmin、α-sarcomeric actin和C-TnT。而未诱导的细胞desmin、α-sarcomeric actin、C-TnT 均为阴性。因此黄芪甲甙可以促进小鼠Sca-1＋心肌干细胞分化为心肌样细胞,这些细胞表达心肌特异性的蛋白。结论 黄芪甲苷对心肌干细胞分化的促进作用表明其在心肌损伤性疾病的康复中有潜在的治疗价值,值得进一步研究。     

黄芪毛状根化学成分分和免疫功能活性的研究

应用大规模培养技术生产的黄芪毛状根、获得１０ｇ／Ｌ的产量。与黄芪干燥根化学在分相比,黄芪毛状根中粗皂甙和可溶性多糖含量较高,黄芪甲甙含量相当,而６种异黄酮,总多糖和生多糖含量较少,证明两种来源的黄芪根质量相似。从免疫功能低下的小鼠免疫功能恢复的实验结果也证实了这一点。本结果显示大规模生产的黄芪毛状根可能成为中药材黄芪的一种新来源。     

黄芪注射液的急性毒性和长期毒性试验

目的:测定黄芪注射液急性毒性和长期毒性反应.方法:小鼠静脉注射和腹腔注射黄芪注射液的急性毒性,大鼠腹腔注射黄芪注射液6 g/kg(d,14 g/kg(d和33g/kg(d的长期毒性(30 d).结果:黄芪注射液小鼠静脉注射和腹腔注射LD50分别为90.39g/kg和108.11g/kg,其95%可信限分别为87.57～93.31g/kg和102.90～113.58g/kg;大鼠连续注射30 d后,摄食量增加,体重增长一致,尿常规,血液学和血液生化测定指标均在正常范围,脏器系数和病理学检查无异常.结论:黄芪注射液对受试动物未见有明显急性和长期毒性作用.     

黄芪种衣剂对黄芪品质的影响

通过以不同用量（种子干重的2%，4%，6%和8%）的黄芪种衣剂包衣种子为处理组，以ND牌种衣剂（种子干重的8%）包衣和空白种子为双对照组，比较研究在不同种子处理条件下，膜荚黄芪植物中黄芪甲苷含量、总黄酮含量及农药残留量发生变化情况。研究结果表明，黄芪种衣剂包衣处理后，明显增加了黄芪中有效成分黄芪甲苷、总黄酮的含量，且包衣所产生的农药残留可随植物生长完全降解掉，研究结果表明黄芪种衣剂的使用可以提高中药材黄芪的品质。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Mink Circovirus Can Infect Minks,Foxes and Raccoon Dogs

正Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-stranded circular genome of the virus is 1,753 nucleotides long and contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 (Rep gene)and ORF2 (Cap gene)(Lian et al. 2014; Ge et al. 2018).Sequence analysis has shown that MiCV is most closely     

CypA Regulates AIP4-Mediated M1 Ubiquitination of Influenza A Virus

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that interacts with the matrix protein (M1) of influenza A virus (IAV) and restricts virus replication by regulating the ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. However,the mechanism by which CypA regulates M1 ubiquitination remains unknown. In this study, we reported that E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 promoted K48-linked ubiquitination of M1 at K102 and K104, and accelerated ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. The recombinant IAV with mutant M1 (K102 R/K104 R) could not be rescued, suggesting that the ubiquitination of M1 at K102/K104 was essential for IAV replication. Furthermore, CypA inhibited AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination by impairing the interaction between AIP4 and M1. More importantly, both the mutations of M1 (K102 R/K104 R) and CypA inhibited the nuclear export of M1, indicating that CypA regulates the cellular localization of M1 via inhibition of AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination at K102 and K104, which results in the reduced replication of IAV.Collectively, our findings reveal a novel ubiquitination-based mechanism by which CypA regulates the replication of IAV.