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氯酚类化合物的微生物降解研究进展 总被引:23,自引:5,他引:18
综述了近年在具有降解氯酚类化合物能力的微生物的筛选、氯酚类化合物的好氧和厌氧降解机制以及现代生物技术的开发利用研究.阐述了氯酚类化合物在不同条件下的降解路径.在好氧条件下,单氯酚和二氯酚在氧化酶的攻击下形成氯代邻二酚,邻二酚开环生成相应的氯代粘康酸或半醛,粘康酸内酯化过程中释放氯离子;高度氯代的化合物则是在氢氧化酶作用下生成氯代醌,并逐步脱去所有的氯原子生成苯酚后才开环.在厌氧或缺氧条件下,氯酚进行还原脱氯,在得到电子的同时去掉一个氯取代基. 相似文献
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多氯联苯微生物脱氯研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)是环境中典型的氯代持久性有机污染物.微生物脱氯是一种氯代有机物自然降解模式,对全球PCBs特别是高氯代同系物消减起到至关重要的作用.厌氧条件下高氯代PCBs能够发生脱氯反应,使其毒性大大降低,脱氯后形成的低氯代化合物可以进一步好氧降解,直至完全矿化.本文综述了PCBs生物脱氯的研究进展,介绍了微生物脱氯反应的机理和特征、参与微生物脱氯过程的专性脱氯菌等,探讨了该微生物过程的影响因素及厌氧脱氯与好氧降解耦合的意义,并对脱氯微生物群落的复杂代谢网络研究、专性脱氯新菌种筛选及其污染地实际修复应用等未来研究方向进行了展望. 相似文献
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溴代阻燃剂微生物降解的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
溴代阻燃剂以其优异的阻燃性能而在工业生产和日常生活中大量使用。这些外源性的化学物质因其蓄积性、持久性、生物毒性而对人类健康和生态环境造成威胁。微生物特有的降解代谢能力为溴代阻燃剂污染治理带来了希望。但是,目前有关溴代阻燃剂的微生物降解研究仍然很少。综述了国内外在溴代阻燃剂微生物降解方面的最新研究动态,包括厌氧、好氧和基团化等生物降解方式。在此基础上,提出目前溴代阻燃剂微生物降解研究中存在的主要问题和重点研究方向,并对其在溴代阻燃剂污染治理方面的应用潜力进行展望。 相似文献
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明晰氯代烃在复杂污染体系中的生物转化机制对强化污染物原位生物修复有重要意义。填埋场属典型复合污染场地,本文对不同地区填埋场填埋气中氯代烃种类、含量和其在覆盖层中的降解情况进行统计分析,发现填埋气中主要包括氯代烷烃和氯代烯烃两大类污染物,其浓度分别为0.20–32.45μg/m~3和0.50–32.45μg/m~3;覆盖土对氯代烃降解速率随着氯原子取代的增多而降低。基于覆盖层中微生物种类多、生长底物复杂多样和不同梯度氧气含量差异等特点,总结得出氯代烃在覆盖土中的降解途径主要是好氧共代谢、直接氧化和厌氧还原脱氯;并基于不同工况特点构建了氯代烃在填埋场覆盖层底部扩散至大气界面过程的生物转化机制模型。最后就复杂环境体系中氯代烃类污染物的去除进行了展望。 相似文献
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硫代葡萄糖苷的降解途径及其产物的研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
硫代葡萄糖苷(GS)是一类广泛存在于植物界的次生代谢产物,其降解产物具有多种活跃的化学和生物活性.GS种类繁多,根据其侧链R基团来源不同可以分为脂肪族、芳香族和吲哚族3大类.GS降解过程受多种因素影响而难以控制:不同种类的GS在硫苷酶作用下产生异硫氰酸酯类、腈类、硫氰酸酯类、环腈类、恶唑烷酮类化合物等,在较高温度下能发生自降解,在强酸、强碱以及某些化学物质的作用下也不稳定,也能在微生物作用下有效降解.该文从影响GS降解的内源和外源因素入手,系统阐述了GS的酶降解、热降解、化学降解、微生物降解等途径及其产物,为理论研究和生产实践中GS降解的控制提供信息. 相似文献
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Summary
Pseudomonas multivorans strain An 1 used aniline but not chloroanilines as the sole source of carbon and energy for growth. The aniline-adapted cells, however, were able to oxygenate chloroanilines. Relative oxygenation rates for aniline, 2-chloroaniline, 3-chloroaniline, 4-chloroaniline, and 3,4-dichloroaniline were 100, 46, 66, 20, and 3%, respectively.The first intermediates in the metabolism of chloroanilines were chlorocatechols. 3-Chlorocatechol accumulated during growth of the organism in the presence of 2-chloroaniline, whereas 4-chlorocatechol was an intermediate metabolite of 3-chloroaniline and 4-chloroaniline.Chloroanilines were able to induce synthesis of the aniline oxygenating enzyme system of Pseudomonas multivorans strain An 1. In continuous culture experiments, induction of this enzyme system appeared to depend on cell density, concentration, toxicity, and pK-values of aniline or chloroanilines.Studies with 14C-labelled 3-chloroaniline and 4-chloroaniline showed that the turnover of chloroanilines did not cease with the formation of chlorocatechols, because radioactivity was detected in the CO2 released and in bacterial cell components. The results suggest that the turnover of chloroanilines is due to metabolism rather than to cometabolism. 相似文献
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To investigate the enhancement of phenol on the biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-cp), metabolic profiling approach was performed for the first time to analyze metabolite changes of Pseudomonas sp. cbp1-3 using single substrate (succinate, phenol, and 4-cp) and dual substrate (mixtures of phenol and 4-cp). Phosphoric acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, 4-cp, 4-chlorocatechol, and catechol were shown to change significantly. Results indicated that phenols, especially 4-cp, depressed cell growth by inhibiting its primary metabolic pathway. In addition, the addition of phenol into the 4-cp-containing medium had a global influence on cells including the accumulation of amino acids, amines, saturated fatty acids, and monoacylglycerols as well as the concentration changes of metabolite participating in phenols biodegradation, thus enhancing the degradation of 4-cp. This study provided novel insights into the biodegradation of mixed phenolic compounds and the method could be used to investigate the biodegradation of complicated multi-pollutants. 相似文献
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Biodegradation of aromatic compounds: current status and opportunities for biomolecular approaches 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Biodegradation can achieve complete and cost-effective elimination of aromatic pollutants through harnessing diverse microbial
metabolic processes. Aromatics biodegradation plays an important role in environmental cleanup and has been extensively studied
since the inception of biodegradation. These studies, however, are diverse and scattered; there is an imperative need to consolidate,
summarize, and review the current status of aromatics biodegradation. The first part of this review briefly discusses the
catabolic mechanisms and describes the current status of aromatics biodegradation. Emphasis is placed on monocyclic, polycyclic,
and chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons because they are the most prevalent aromatic contaminants in the environment. Among
monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene; phenylacetic acid; and structurally related
aromatic compounds are highlighted. In addition, biofilms and their applications in biodegradation of aromatic compounds are
briefly discussed. In recent years, various biomolecular approaches have been applied to design and understand microorganisms
for enhanced biodegradation. In the second part of this review, biomolecular approaches, their applications in aromatics biodegradation,
and associated biosafety issues are discussed. Particular attention is given to the applications of metabolic engineering,
protein engineering, and “omics” technologies in aromatics biodegradation. 相似文献
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The microbial degradation of 2-chloro-, 3-chloro-, 4-chloro-, and 3,4-dichloroaniline was examined as single compounds as well as a mixture in soil slurries. At 30°C the degradation of chloroanilines by indigenous soil populations in soil slurries was observed when soil slurry was freshly contaminated or precontaminated to allow binding of chloroanilines to the soil matrix. Within 6 weeks, 3-chloro- and 3,4-dichloroaniline (each 2 mm) were degraded more rapidly (about 50% chloride elimination) than 4-chloro- and 2-chloroaniline, due to stronger adsorption of 4-chloroaniline and greater resistance of 2-chloroaniline. The addition of various supplements such as buffer, mineral salts and acetate only slightly influenced the degradation of chloroanilines by the indigenous soil populations. The mineralization was drastically enhanced when laboratory-selected chloroaniline-degraders (8·106 cells/g) such as Pseudomonas acidovorans strain BN3.1 were supplemented to the soil slurries so that complete elimination of chloride from the chloroanilines occurred within 10 days.
Correspondence to: F. R. Brunsbach 相似文献
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Pseudomonas sp. K82 is a soil bacterium that can degrade and use monocyclic aromatic compounds including aniline, 3-methylaniline, 4-methylaniline, benzoate and p-hydroxybenzoate as its sole carbon and energy sources. In order to understand the impact of these aromatic compounds on metabolic pathways in Pseudomonas sp. K82, proteomes obtained from cultures exposed to different substrates were displayed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and were compared to search for differentially induced metabolic enzymes. Column separations of active fractions were performed to identify major biodegradation enzymes. More than thirty proteins involved in biodegradation and other types of metabolism were identified by electrospray ionization-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. The proteome analysis suggested that Pseudomonas sp. K82 has three main metabolic pathways to degrade these aromatic compounds and induces specific metabolic pathways for each compound. The catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (CD2,3) pathway was the major pathway and the catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (beta-ketoadipate) pathway was the secondary pathway induced by aniline (aniline analogues) exposure. On the other hand, the catechol 1,2-dioxygenase pathway was the major pathway induced by benzoate exposure. For the degradation of p-hydroxybenzoate, the protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase pathway was the major degradation pathway induced. The nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of substrates demonstrated that Pseudomonas sp. K82 metabolizes some aromatic compounds more rapidly than others (benzoate > p-hydroxybenzoate > aniline) and that when combined, p-hydroxybenzoate metabolism is repressed by the presence of benzoate or aniline. These results suggest that proteome analysis can be useful in the high throughput study of bacterial metabolic pathways, including that of biodegradation, and that inter-relationships exist with respect to the metabolic pathways of aromatic compounds in Pseudomonas sp. K82. 相似文献
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In the present study, the influence of kaolinite and goethite on microbial degradation of methyl parathion was investigated. We observed that the biodegradation process was improved by kaolinite and depressed by goethite. Calorimetric data further showed that the metabolic activities of degrading cells (Pseudomonas putida) were enhanced by the presence of kaolinite and depressed by the presence of goethite. A semipermeable membrane experiment was performed and results supported the above observations: the promotive effect of kaolinite and the inhibition of goethite for microbial degradation was not found when the bacteria was enclosed by semipermeable membrane and had no direct contact with these minerals, suggesting the important function of the contact of cellular surfaces with mineral particles. The relative larger particles of kaolinite were loosely attached to the bacteria. This attachment made the cells easy to use the sorbed substrate and then stimulated biodegradation. For goethite, small particles were tightly bound to bacterial cells and limited the acquisition of substrate and nutrients, thereby inhibiting biodegradation. These results indicated that interfacial interaction between bacterial cells and minerals significantly affected the biodegradation of pesticides. 相似文献
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The biodegradation of nitrobenzene was attempted by using Pseudomonas putida TB 103 which possesses the hybrid pathway combining the tod and the tol pathways. Analysis of the metabolic flux of nitrobenzene through the hybrid pathway indicated that nitrobenzene was initially oxidized to cis-1,2-dihydroxy-3-nitrocyclohexa-3,5-diene by toluene dioxygenase in the tod pathway and then channeled into the tol pathway, leading to the complete biodegradation of nitrobenzene. A crucial metabolic step redirecting the metabolic flux of nitrobenzene from the tod to the tol pathway was determined from the genetic and biochemical studies on the enzymes involved in the tol pathway. From these results, it was found that toluate-cis-glycol dehydrogenase could convert cis-1,2-dihydroxy-3-nitrocyclohexa-3,5-diene to catechol in the presence of NAD(+) with liberation of nitrite and the reduced form of NAD(+) (NADH) into the medium. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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Foght J 《Journal of molecular microbiology and biotechnology》2008,15(2-3):93-120
Aromatic hydrocarbons contaminate many environments worldwide, and their removal often relies on microbial bioremediation. Whereas aerobic biodegradation has been well studied for decades, anaerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation is a nascent field undergoing rapid shifts in concept and scope. This review presents known metabolic pathways used by microbes to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons using various terminal electron acceptors; an outline of the few catabolic genes and enzymes currently characterized; and speculation about current and potential applications for anaerobic degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. 相似文献
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Stimulation of Diesel Fuel Biodegradation by Indigenous Nitrogen Fixing Bacterial Consortia 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Abstract
Successful stimulation of N2 fixation and petroleum hydrocarbon degradation in indigenous microbial consortia may decrease exogenous N requirements and
reduce environmental impacts of bioremediation following petroleum pollution. This study explored the biodegradation of petroleum
pollution by indigenous N2 fixing marine microbial consortia. Particulate organic carbon (POC) in the form of ground, sterile corn-slash (post-harvest
leaves and stems) was added to diesel fuel amended coastal water samples to stimulate biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons
by native microorganisms capable of supplying a portion of their own N. It was hypothesized that addition of POC to petroleum
amended water samples from N-limited coastal waters would promote the growth of N2 fixing consortia and enhance biodegradation of petroleum. Manipulative experiments were conducted using samples from coastal
waters (marinas and less polluted control site) to determine the effects of POC amendment on biodegradation of petroleum pollution
by native microbial consortia. Structure and function of the microbial consortia were determined by measurement of N2 fixation (acetylene reduction), hydrocarbon biodegradation (14C hexadecane mineralization), bacterial biomass (AODC), number of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria (MPN), and bacterial productivity
(3H-thymidine incorporation). Throughout this study there was a consistent enhancement of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation
in response to the addition of POC. Stimulation of diesel fuel biodegradation following the addition of POC was likely attributable
to increases in bacterial N2 fixation, diesel fuel bioavailability, bacterial biomass, and metabolic activity. Toxicity of the bulk phase water did not
appear to be a factor affecting biodegradation of diesel fuel following POC addition. These results indicate that the addition
of POC to diesel-fuel-polluted systems stimulated indigenous N2 fixing microbial consortia to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons.
Received: 29 December 1998; Accepted: 6 April 1999 相似文献