半散放猎豹毛发微量元素含量比较

许多微量元素与动物生理生化机能有着密切的联系,对机体的生长发育和维持健康起着重要作用.近年来,微量元素研究日渐得到重视,如Cu、 Zn、 Mn、 Se、 Pb等微量元素参与酶、激素和维生素代谢,影响动物生殖功能(Suchocki et al., 2003).     

秦巴山区生态环境对当地居民毛发中微量元素的影响

测定了秦巴山区136例健康儿童及22例成人毛发中Zn、Fe、Ca、Cu、Mg、Al、Se、Mn、Pb、Cr共10种微量元素的含量,结果表明,在所测10种元素中,除Mg外,其余9种元素均有不同程度的缺乏或超标,其中Al、Mn与Cr含量严重超标,其均值分别是正常含量上限的2.04、1.67及2.07倍,超标人数比例分别高达83.54%、77.85%和72.78%;Zn和Se含量均值则比正常含量下限低,仅为正常含量下限的91.96%和68.33%,缺乏人数比例分别为69.62%和79.11%.结合当地的生态环境与地球化学背景,对微量元素缺乏或超量的原因及危害进行了分析.     

我国不同地区回族青年发中微量元素含量测定和比较研究

利用了子体发射光谱法对自１８个省,市,自治区（县）的５２例回族青年学生的头发中６种微量元素的含量进行了测定,用方差分析法进行了差别显著性检验,考查了地区分布因素以及性别因素对回族发样中６种微量元素的含量的影响,本文发现民族因素对回族发中６种微量元素含量的影响大于地区因素的影响。     

实验性氟中毒大鼠中缝背核酶细胞化学研究

以饮用高氟水（１００ｐｐｍ）的方法制造了雄性大鼠慢性氟中毒模型。对中缝背核神经元Ｍｇ２＋－腺苷三磷酸酶（Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ）和硫胺素焦磷酸酶（ＴＰＰａｓｅ）进行了定性、定量分析。结果表明：氟中毒大鼠中缝背核神经元内Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ、ＴＰＰａｓｅ染色均浅于对照组,定量分析Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ、ＴＰＰａｓｅ含量均减少。电镜观察氟中毒大鼠神经元内ＴＰＰａｓｅ颗粒减少,同时出现超微结构改变。这些结果提示：高氟可抑制某些酶的活性,并对中枢神经系统有直接损害     

氟中毒抑制大鼠泌鼠的实验研究

The effect of fluorosis on lactation, lactotroph function and ultrastructure were studied in lactating rats. The results were as follows: 1) Inhibition of lactation in lactating rats with chronic fluorosis was assessed by stunting growth of pups and decrease in the amount of milk suckled by pups in 30 min. Metoclopramide, a blocker of dopamine receptor, could improve lactation in these rats. 2) During chronic fluorosis serum PRL level was decreased, however, PRL content in pituitary was increased. Electronmicroscopic examination showed accumulation of large mature secretory granules and appearance of extremely large abnormal secretory granules in lactotroph cytoplasma. These findings indicate that hormone release of pituitary lactotrophs is obstructed in lactating rats with fluorosis, and the toxic effect of fluoride is mediated by an enhanced function of dopaminergic system in hypothalamus.     

燃煤型氟中毒与人体健康研究

燃煤型氟中毒的传播方式十分复杂,除去燃煤烧烤的蔬菜与粮食之外,还包括空气、水以及煤炭开采与运输过程中对外部环境所造成的污染等。无论以何种方式致使人体中的氟含量超标,都会对人体的健康构成严重的威胁。基于此,本文拟从燃煤型氟中毒及其与人体健康的关系出发,对燃煤型氟中毒产生的原因进行深入的分析,探讨防治燃煤型氟中毒现象的重要路径,以期为人类的身体健康研究提供有价值的参考。     

氟中毒抑制大鼠泌乳的实验研究

本实验研究了慢性氟中毒对大鼠泌乳及垂体催乳素(Prolactin,PRL)细胞功能和超微结构的影响。结果为:1,慢性氟中毒抑制大鼠乳汁分泌,表现为仔鼠生长缓慢和30 min 平均吮得乳量降低。多巴胺受体阻断剂灭吐灵(Metoclopramide)可改善其泌乳功能 2,慢性氟中毒授乳鼠血清 PRL 水平降低而垂体内含量升高。电镜下观察到 PRL 细胞质内大的成熟分泌颗粒增多及出现特大异形颗粒,表明可能存在激素释放障碍。上述结果提示慢性氟中毒可抑制大鼠的乳汁分泌,氟化物的毒性作用可能由下丘脑多巴胺系统活动的增强所中介。     

氟化钠对小鼠几种血清酶活性的影响

让刚断奶的小白鼠饮用NaF水溶液一个月后,测定其四种血清酶活性。在高氟条件下,血清中的谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、羟丁酸脱氢酶的活力显著增高,而肌酸激酶的活力显著降低。小鼠肝和肾对氟中毒较为敏感,而骨骼肌和心肌对氟有较强的耐受力。对以上几种血清酶活性的测定可作为诊断氟中毒的一个辅助手段。为利用血清酶诊断氟中毒提供理论和实验依据     

大熊猫体内微量元素的PIXE分析——Ⅰ.毛发和肝脏的微量元素

众所周知,微量元素对生物的生存、健康和疾病有着重大的关系。通过长期的研究,已逐步形成了微量元素医学学科(孔祥瑞,1982;Prosad,A.S.,1976;Underwood,E.J.,1977)。 我们应用PIXE(质子激发X射线)分析方法,对比研究了健康的和有疾病的大熊猫的毛发和肝脏内微量元素的变化,为大熊猫的人工饲养和临床诊断提供一些数据和资料。     

青岛地区2010年2044例儿童微量元素测量结果分析

目的：了解青岛地区2010年儿童体内微量元素水平。方法：随机抽样2010年来我院健康查体的2044例儿童,分别测量末梢血Cu、Zu、Ca、Mg、Fe、Pb、Cd7种元素水平,将结果按年龄分组进行统计分析。结果：各年龄段儿童均无Cu、Mg两种元素的缺乏和Cd元素的超标;Zn、Ca、Fe三种元素在不同年龄段儿童中均有不同程度缺乏,且含量及缺乏率的差异在不同年龄段均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;Pb仅有22个超标。结论：微量元素整体水平不容乐观,并且不同年龄段儿童中的含量水平及缺乏程度差异较大,了解这种年龄差异对指导不同时期儿童的保健工作有重要意义。     

福建南亚热带丰产果园土壤微量元素含量的研究

福建南亚热带丰产果园土壤微量元素含量状况,,总体是柑桔园基本良好,龙眼、荔技园尚不平衡。不同树种或园地的某些元素有效含量偏低（锰、硼、铜、钼等）。在土壤ｐＨ３．６０～８．７６时,土壤ｐＨ值与元素有效含量间的相关性,多数符合一般规律,少数不尽一致。本研究初步提出南亚热带地区柑桔、龙眼、荔枝园土壤微量元素有效含量的适宜指标,可供土壤营养诊断之参考。     

土壤-作物-动物生态体系中微量元素含量

随着工农业生产的日益发展 ,人类正面临着重新调整生态平衡的问题 ,其中食物链中的微量元素在生态系统中的迁移、转化和循环规律及其与生物相互作用机制就显得十分重要。大量研究表明 ,微量元素可与生物体相互作用 ,通过结构和调节机制而产生营养性、毒性和刺激性 ,从而对机体的生长发育、繁殖、农 (畜 )产品的数量和质量以及人类营养和健康产生很大的影响[1]。目前 ,许多国家就微量元素与食物链的关系开展了大量的研究工作 ,并取得了重大进展 ,一门新兴的边缘科学微量元素与食物链学正在蓬勃地发展[2 ]。我国也相继开展了土壤、植物或动物…     

海南岛西南地区某些药用植物微量元素的生物吸收和含量变化

本文研究海南岛西南地区１２种不同类型药用植物微量元素的生物吸收系数（Ａｘ）及其含量水平变化特性。     

Adaboost算法研究土壤微量元素含量与白血病的关系

目的：本文使用数据挖掘方法研究土壤中微量元素和白血病的相关性。方法：使用CFS-Adaboost算法研究我国29个省、市、自治区白血病死亡率的统计数据和土壤中微量元素含量的对应关系。结果：从29种微量元素中发现了13种微量元素与白血病相关,其中砷（As）的相关性较为明显。基于该13种微量元素,建立了土壤中微量元素和白血病致死率的数学模型,该模型的预报准确率可达到89.7%。结论：土壤中微量元素的含量与白血病有一定关系,其中砷（As）元素含量与白血病死亡率较为密切,这与近年文献报导的少量氧化砷治疗白血病效果显著相符合。以上研究发现,可以为研究土壤中微量元素和白血病的关系提供参考,对白血病的防治工作具有一定意义。     

Chemical Speciation and Mobility of Some Trace Elements in Vermicomposted Fly Ash

Fly ash, a by-product of power plants, is currently being used extensively in India for soil amendment. However, the toxic elements sorbed in the fly ash might pose a serious threat to the environment, causing soil and water contamination. Vermicomposting of fly ash is expected to reduce the contamination of toxic trace metal and could improve the mobility of essential trace element. The current study is focused on characterizing different species of trace metals and their bio-availability in the vermicomposted fly ash (VCFA)-treated lateritic soil. As a fertilizer, different doses (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) of VCFA were applied to the soil and sequential extraction was carried out to analyze trace elements. In the different fractions, Cr < Mn < Pb < Fe were found to be sorbed more to Fe-Mn oxide-bound fractions, whereas Cd, Cu, and Zn were bound more to organic-matter-bound fractions; Cr and Ni were mostly bound to residual fraction. The Fe-Mn oxides and organic-matter-bound fractions may be bio-available with the appropriate environmental condition, whereas chromium and nickel mostly associated with residual fraction are very difficult to release into the environment. The mobility factor index showed the midlevel substitution (i.e., 10% to 30% of VCFA to lateritic soil) to be beneficial as these doses increased the bio-availability of some essential trace elements and restricted the availability toxic trace metals in the soil. At higher doses, the toxic trace metals were found to be released in the bio-available form, which could be hazardous to the environment.     

疲劳大鼠机体铜、锌变化与其自由基代谢相关性分析

目的:探讨疲劳状态下SD大鼠肝、肾、骨骼肌、血清中铜、锌这两种微量元素的分布变化,并分析其变化与大鼠机体抗氧化能力的相关性变化规律.方法:健康雄性SD大鼠14只,随机分为运动组和对照组,每组7只,运动组采用10d递增负荷的游泳运动方式建立SD大鼠运动疲劳模型,对照组不给予运动,取实验大鼠肝、肾、骨骼肌和血清,经常规消化后,用原子吸收分光光度计测定其铜、锌含量,同时检测相应组织中总超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量,最后进行比较和统计分析.结果:与正常组大鼠比较,疲劳大鼠肝组织和血清铜含量增加(P<0.05),肝组织锌含量增加(P<0.05),血清锌含量以及骨骼肌铜、锌含量减少(P<0.05).肾脏组织铜、锌变化不明显(P>0.05);疲劳组大鼠肝、肾、骨骼肌、血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性下降(P<0.05),丙二醛含量除骨骼肌中变化不明显外,肝、肾、血清中增加(P<0.05);相关性研究发现大鼠肝、血清、骨骼肌的抗氧化能力与其相应组织的铜、锌含量具有相关性(P<0.05).结论:疲劳状态下,大鼠肝、血清、骨骼肌中微量元素铜、锌代谢发生紊乱,影响相应组织抗氧化能力,可能参与了疲劳的形成.     

Variation in the Distribution of Trace Elements in Renal Cell Carcinoma

The development of cancer is a complex, multistage process during which a normal cell undergoes genetic changes that result in phenotypic alterations and in the acquisition of the ability to invade other sites. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy was used to estimate the contents of Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Pb, and Zn in healthy kidney and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and significant differences were found for all elements. Along with the progression of the malignant disease, a progressive decrease of Cd and K was observed. In fact, for Cd, the concentration in stage T4 was 263.9 times lower than in stage T1, and for K, the concentration in stage T4 was 1.73 times lower than in stage T1. Progressive accumulation was detected for P, Pb, and Zn in stage T4. For P, the concentration in stage T4 was 11.1 times higher than in stage T1; for Pb, the concentration in stage T4 was 232.7 times higher than in T1; and for Zn, the concentration in T4 was 8.452 times higher than in T1. This study highlights the marked differences in the concentrations of selected trace metals in different malignant tumor stages. These findings indicate that some trace metals may play important roles in the pathogenesis of RCC.     

Trace elements in hair of healthy children sampled by age and sex

Hair trace element (TE) (Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Br, Rb, Sr, Pb) levels from 336 healthy subjects were measured by the Proton-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) method. The subjects were divided in three groups: 157 full-term neonates (75 male and 82 female), 86 children (41 male and 45 female) ages 6 to 11 yr, and 93 adolescents (51 male and 42 female) 11 to 16 yr old. Cu, Zn, Cr, and Br show an increase from birth to 8 yr and then decrease. Fe, Mn, and Sr strongly decrease up to 8 yr and then remain almost stable. Sex differences are present in Fe, Zn, and Br of children and in Cu, Cr, and Br of adolescents.     

Topotecan Treatment and Its Toxic Effects on Hematologic Parameters and Trace Elements

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of topotecan, a topoisomerase I-inhibiting anticancer agent, on hematologic parameters and serum levels of trace elements. The study was conducted on three groups consisting of 16 and 18 rabbits in the study groups and 15 rabbits in the control group. Rabbits in group I (n = 16) received high-dose topotecan intravenously (i.v.; 0.5 mg/kg once daily), while rabbits in group II (n = 18) received low-dose topotecan i.v. (0.25 mg/kg once daily) for 3 days. The 15 rabbits comprising the control group did not receive topotecan. Serum samples were collected from each rabbit on the first day, before the treatment, and on the 15th day of treatment. Erithrocytes, hemoglobin, white blood cell count, thrombocyte count, and trace elements such as selenium, copper, lead, zinc, and cobalt were analyzed. Hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte counts were lower in both study groups than in the control group. However, thrombocyte and leukocyte counts were similar in all three groups (p > 0.005). Serum trace element levels (copper, lead, zinc, and cobalt) did not differ significantly between groups. However, serum selenium levels were significantly lower in both study groups than the control group (p < 0.001). The results revealed that topotecan treatment causes a decrease in erythrocyte counts and hemoglobin levels due to bone marrow suppression, and these effects must be taken into account during treatment. In addition, selenium supplementation might be helpful in cancer patients receiving topotecan to increase the effect of the chemotherapeutic agent.