疏叶骆驼刺适应盐渍生境的离子分布、吸收和运输特征

以塔里木盆地南缘关键物种疏叶骆驼刺为材料,研究了不同盐渍土壤生境(轻度盐渍土、中度盐渍土、重度盐渍土)下其器官间Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺的分布、吸收及运输特征,以探讨疏叶骆驼刺对自然盐渍生境的适应特性.结果表明: 在轻度和中度盐渍土生境,Na⁺在各器官中的分布规律为茎≈刺>叶>根,而在重度盐渍土生境,Na⁺分布规律为叶>茎≈刺>根;Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺在疏叶骆驼刺体内的分布规律为叶>刺>茎>根.随着土壤含盐量的增加,疏叶骆驼刺体内各器官Na⁺含量都增大,而叶片中K⁺含量呈下降趋势;根和叶器官中K⁺/Na⁺值明显降低,各器官中Ca²⁺/Na⁺、Mg²⁺/Na⁺值都降低.盐渍生境下,疏叶骆驼刺体内Ca²⁺选择性运输系数和Mg²⁺选择性运输系数均为茎-叶>茎-刺>根-茎.疏叶骆驼刺为适应盐渍生境,在土壤含盐量较低时,将Na⁺聚集于茎和刺;而在土壤含盐量较高时,则将Na⁺聚集于叶片.此外,Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺可能是疏叶骆驼适应盐渍生境的无机渗透调节物质.     

转AtNHX1基因杨树Tr品系的耐盐性研究

以不同盐分强度处理欧美107杨(Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’) (Wt)和转拟南芥液泡膜Na⁺/H⁺逆向转运蛋白基因AtNHX1欧美107杨新品系(Tr)幼苗, 揭示Tr和Wt两品系幼苗耐盐性的差异, 探索拟南芥液泡膜Na⁺/H⁺逆向转运蛋白基因AtNHX1对提高杨树耐盐能力的效应。结果表明: 低盐处理下, Wt植株生长明显受到抑制, 其干重显著低于对照, 盐分强度加大后, 抑制作用更大, 其干重只有对照的50%; 而Tr植株在低盐处理下干重与对照差异不显著, 高盐处理时其干重为对照的74%。同时, 不同盐度处理下, Tr的干重均显著高于Wt, 且随着盐度升高, 两品系间植株干重差异增大。盐处理后, Tr植株叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的含量均显著高于Wt, 并能维持较高的净光合速率(P_n)和PSII最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m); 在盐处理下虽然Tr叶片和根系均较Wt积累了更多的Na⁺, 但同时也维持了更高的K⁺和K⁺/Na⁺比率, 而且叶片对K⁺选择性的运输明显高于Wt; 同时, Tr叶片MDA含量和电解质渗漏率显著低于Wt。可见, 在盐处理下转AtNHX1植株较未转基因植株维持了更高的生长量、光合色素、光合能力和叶片质膜稳定性, 说明AtNHX1的转入能够显著提高欧美107杨的耐盐性。     

不同类型盐生植物适应盐胁迫的生理生长机制及Na+逆向转运研究进展

盐生植物是指能在离子浓度至少200 mmol/L以上的生境中生长并完成生活史的植物。盐生植物可分为稀盐盐生植物、泌盐盐生植物、拒盐盐生植物三类。本文从生长形态、生理和分子3个方面总结三类盐生植物响应盐胁迫的不同策略及研究进展,发现盐生植物在分子水平上主要通过Na⁺转运蛋白和为其提供能量的两类基因应对体内过高Na⁺,这可能是引起盐生植物生理和生长形态异于非盐生植物的重要因素。其中稀盐盐生植物主要通过液泡离子区隔化应对盐胁迫,并表现出肉质化生长形态;泌盐盐生植物通过将体内盐分排出体外应对盐胁迫,并进化出特有的生理结构——盐腺或盐囊泡;拒盐盐生植物通过将盐离子积累在皮层细胞液泡和根部木质部薄壁细胞中减少向上运输Na⁺,同时根部多栓质化减少Na⁺吸收。本综述旨在为今后研究盐生植物及其耐盐机制提供相关依据,为植物耐盐分子育种奠定基础。     

滨海盐生植物叶片δ13C与主要养分元素化学计量的关系

高盐环境与土壤贫瘠成为限制滨海湿地植被生长的主要因素,盐分稀释(salt-dilution)与盐分抵御(salt-exclusion)为盐生植物普遍的两种适生策略,这些策略影响植物水分与养分利用效率的权衡过程。以江苏盐城滨海湿地常见稀盐盐生植物、拒盐盐生植物为研究对象,通过探讨滨海湿地不同盐生植物叶片δ~(13)C(水分利用效率的直接反映参数),与主要养分元素(N、P、K)及化学计量特征的关系,以揭示不同盐生植物养分利用策略及养分利用效率与水分利用效率之间的权衡关系。研究结果表明:滨海湿地盐生植物叶片N/P为15.3,较全球陆生植物平均值低,表现出N、P共同限制特征。两种盐生植物叶片δ~(13)C与N、P含量显著正相关,表明盐生植物采取N、P光合相关型策略适应不良环境。拒盐盐生植物叶片δ~(13)C与K~+正相关,采取K~+渗透调节相关型策略,以减小细胞渗透势、增加水分吸收,减轻植物体内盐分毒害。两种不同耐盐型植物δ~(13)C与C/N成反比,表明植物采取扩大水分利用效率以代偿减小的N利用率策略。稀盐盐生植物δ~(13)C与C/P成反比,且叶片P含量较高,表明植物可以提高P利用率以增大低水分利用率环境下的C合成和生物量。研究可为滨海湿地生态系统恢复与重建提供理论依据。     

丛枝菌根真菌调控根系构型与矿质元素平衡提高西瓜植株耐盐性的研究

丛枝菌根（arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM）真菌可通过多种途径或机制来增强植物的耐盐性,进而促进植株的生长发育。本研究在盆栽条件下设西瓜Citrullus lanatus品种‘京欣四号’幼苗接种变形球囊霉Glomus versiforme和不接种以及施加和不施加100mmol/L NaCl共4个处理,测定植株根系菌根侵染状况、根系构型及其根茎叶中钾（K）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）、钠（Na）含量、K⁺/Na⁺、Ca²⁺/Na和植株生长状况等。AM真菌显著增加了盐胁迫下西瓜植株总根长度、根表面积、根体积和根尖数量,改善了根系构型;促进了西瓜根系对K、Ca和P的吸收,提高了茎Ca和P含量、根系K和P含量、K⁺/Na⁺和Ca²⁺/Na⁺,而降低了根Na⁺含量;茎P和Na⁺、叶K和Ca的含量显著高于其他器官相应含量。典范对应分析表明,根系K含量、K⁺/Na⁺和Ca²⁺/Na⁺与总根长度、主根长度、根表面积、根体积、根尖数量、根平均直径呈正相关;叶K⁺/Na⁺与主根长度呈正相关;根系Na⁺含量与根系总根长、根平均直径和根尖数量呈负相关。接种AM真菌改善了矿质元素平衡及其分配状况。盐胁迫后西瓜植株对菌根的依赖性增强。结果表明,K、Ca、P是AM真菌介导植物耐盐性的关键养分;K⁺/Na⁺和Ca²⁺/Na⁺是重要的矿质元素平衡指标,接种AM真菌能调控植物根系构型和矿质元素平衡状况,从而缓解盐胁迫对西瓜生长的抑制作用,提高植株的耐盐性。     

磁化微咸水灌溉对欧美杨I-107离子稳态的影响

为探究微咸水磁化处理条件下植株的离子稳态特征,以欧美杨I-107一年生扦插苗为试材,于生长季节分别采用Hoagland营养液和4.0 g·L^-1 NaCl微咸水,经磁化处理后连续灌溉30 d.采用原子吸收分光光度法对叶片和根系中K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺含量进行测定,分析离子平衡系数(K)和根-叶之间的离子选择性运输系数(S_Xi,Na).结果表明: 与非盐分胁迫处理相比,盐分胁迫处理根系和叶片中Na⁺和Ca²⁺含量及S_K,Na、S_Mg,Na升高,K⁺和Mg²⁺含量、K⁺/Na⁺及S_Ca,Na降低.与非磁化微咸水灌溉处理相比,磁化微咸水灌溉处理的根系和叶片中Na⁺含量降低、K⁺含量及K⁺/Na⁺提高;根系和叶片中Ca²⁺含量降低、Mg²⁺含量提高;磁化微咸水灌溉处理中K提高,且叶片中K值显著高于根系;S_K,Na和S_Mg,Na较非磁化微咸水灌溉提高,S_Ca,Na较其降低.磁化微咸水灌溉中根系和叶片Na⁺积累量减少,K⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺含量增加,且维持了较高水平的K⁺/Na⁺,这有利于植株整株水平生理代谢的调控.因此,盐分胁迫下磁化作用可通过调节离子的选择性吸收和运输来维持植株体内的离子平衡.     

能源植物杂交狼尾草对NaCl胁迫的响应及其耐盐阈值

以能源植物杂交狼尾草(Pennisetum americanum × P. purpureum)为实验材料, 用沙培盆栽的方法, 分别用0、0.3%、0.5%、0.9%和1.2%的NaCl处理4周后, 测定植株鲜重、干重、含水量、株高、分蘖数和不同部位的离子含量, 以确定其耐盐阈值和耐盐方式。结果表明, 随着NaCl浓度的增加, 杂交狼尾草的鲜重、干重、株高和分蘖数都显著降低, 地上部分鲜重和干重分别在NaCl浓度为0.568%和0.570%时下降了50%, 1.2% NaCl处理的杂交狼尾草几乎全部死掉。表明杂交狼尾草的耐盐阈值为0.57%; 但植株含水量和功能叶的Na⁺含量变化不明显, 老叶Na⁺含量在NaCl浓度为0.9%时明显升高, 是对照的2倍; 随NaCl浓度的升高, 根中的Na⁺含量显著升高, 在NaCl浓度为0.9%时, 根中的Na⁺含量达到对照的3倍以上。Na⁺含量在功能叶, 老叶和根中含量依次升高; 随NaCl浓度的升高, 地上部分和根中的K⁺含量都无明显变化; 随NaCl浓度的升高, 根中的Na⁺/K⁺明显增加, 而地上部分Na⁺/K⁺只有当NaCl浓度为0.9%时明显增加。以上结果表明杂交狼尾草具有一定的耐盐性, 其耐盐方式为拒盐, 耐盐阈值为0.57% (约100 mmol·L^-1)。     

不同生境下胡杨树体离子平衡及其与土壤因子关系

为探讨胡杨适应盐渍环境的离子分布规律,揭示胡杨的耐盐生理机制,以高盐和低盐两种不同生境中的胡杨(Populus euphratica)为对象,测定其根、树干、老枝、幼枝、叶片等不同器官中Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Cl^-的含量,并分析各离子吸收、运输和分配特征的差异及其与土壤因子的关系。结果表明：(1)胡杨叶片中Na⁺、Cl^-含量在高盐生境下显著低于低盐生境,K⁺含量在高盐生境下显著高于低盐生境,其他器官的各离子含量变化均不显著;胡杨老枝、幼枝、叶片的K⁺/Na⁺在高盐生境下均显著高于低盐环境、Ca²⁺/Na⁺增幅不明显;在高盐生境下,根系选择吸收K⁺能力显著低于低盐环境,但吸收Ca²⁺能力较强,且各器官对Ca²⁺、K⁺选择向上运输的能力更强。(2)在低盐环境中Na...     

野皂荚对NaCl胁迫的生理响应及耐盐性

以盆栽野皂荚2年生实生苗为材料,设置土壤NaCl含量分别为0.053%（CK）、0.15%、0.3%、0.45%和0.6%的盐胁迫处理,研究不同浓度盐处理对苗木生长、细胞膜透性、细胞保护酶活性以及Na⁺和K⁺分布格局的影响,探讨了其耐盐阈值和机理.结果表明：随着NaCl浓度增加,苗木生长量逐渐降低,盐害指数逐渐升高;野皂荚可忍耐的土壤含盐量为0.42%.随着NaCl浓度增加,叶片相对电导率、氧自由基产生速率和丙二醛(MDA)含量均逐渐增大;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,在土壤含盐量0.3%或0.45%时达到峰值;高盐胁迫下,SOD、POD和CAT活性的增强可及时清除盐胁迫产生的氧自由基,进而缓解或避免膜脂过氧化作用对组织细胞的伤害.盐胁迫下根、茎、叶的Na⁺含量均逐渐增大,且呈现根>叶>茎的分布格局;K⁺含量和K⁺/Na⁺呈下降趋势,呈现叶>根>茎的分布格局;K⁺-Na⁺选择性运输系数(S_K⁺·Na⁺)随着土壤含盐量的增加逐渐升高,且叶S_K⁺·Na⁺高于茎S_K⁺·Na⁺.野皂荚耐盐机制是根系拒盐和叶片耐盐;盐胁迫下,根系Na⁺累积能力增强可控制Na⁺向地上运输以避免盐害发生,叶片K⁺选择性吸收和累积能力的显著提高可忍耐和补偿Na⁺对组织的伤害.     

盐胁迫下外源褪黑素和Ca2+对甜瓜幼苗的缓解效应

以甜瓜品种‘羊角酥瓜’为试材,利用人工气候室控制环境条件(昼/夜25/18 ℃),研究盐胁迫条件下外源褪黑素(MT)和Ca²⁺对甜瓜幼苗根系和叶片中Cl^-、Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺离子含量,Na⁺/K⁺、 Na⁺/Ca²⁺、Na⁺/Mg²⁺值,以及H⁺-ATP酶活性、渗透调节物质积累和细胞膜质过氧化的影响.结果表明: 与对照相比,盐胁迫处理显著抑制甜瓜幼苗生长,增加根系和叶片中Cl^-、Na⁺含量,降低K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺含量.盐胁迫下,喷施外源MT或Ca²⁺处理均可以显著降低甜瓜根系和叶片中Cl^-、Na⁺含量,提高K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺含量,植株体内Na⁺/K⁺、Na⁺/Ca²⁺和 Na⁺/Mg²⁺值下降;同时也提高了根系和叶片H⁺-ATP酶活性及叶片渗透调节物质的含量,降低盐胁迫对细胞膜的伤害,表现在甜瓜叶片相对电导率和丙二醛含量降低.总之,在盐胁迫条件下,外源MT、Ca²⁺单独和复配处理均可通过提高H⁺-ATP酶活性来降低盐害离子的含量,改善甜瓜幼苗中的离子平衡,同时增加渗透调节物质的含量,降低膜质过氧化水平,从而增强其对盐胁迫的适应性,其中MT和Ca²⁺复配处理时的效果更好.复配外施 MT 和Ca²⁺在诱导甜瓜幼苗提高耐盐方面具有协同增效作用.     

Salt accumulation in vegetative organs and ecological stoichiometry characteristics in typical halophytes in Xinjiang,China

AimsStudying salt accumulation in vegetative organs and carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in halophytes contributes to understand the adaptive strategy to saline environment and the distribution mechanism of nutrients and salinity of the halophytes.MethodsFour typical dominant species, including three perennial shrubs (Halocnemum strobilaceum, Suaeda microphylla and Kalidium foliatum) and an annual herb (Salicornia europaea) were selected for analyzing the salt accumulation and C, N, P stoichiometry relationships.Important findings 1) The salt accumulation showed “salt island” effect at peak growing stage; Na⁺, Cl^- and electrical conductivity all showed significant positive trends, when salt ions were transported from the root to the shoot of 4 halophytes. 2) P was the limiting growth element of perennial shrubs, while both N and P were limiting factors for the annual herb. 3) Different organs, species and their interactions affected C, N, P stoichiometry and salt icons except Mg²⁺. 4) C was negatively correlated with N and P, but there was a significant positive correlation between N and P. 5) Electrical conductivity, Na⁺and K⁺ were positively correlated with N, N:P ratio, and negatively correlated with C, C:N and C:P ratios, and yet K⁺, CO₃^2- had significant positive correlation with P. These results implied that there were some kind of mutual promoting relationships between nutrients and salinity in halophytes in the saline environment, and fertilizing with N could promote sodium chloride desalination.     

滨海滩涂地带乌哺鸡竹和淡竹离子含量变化及其与生长及光合作用的关系

在沿海滩涂防护林带低盐区(0.1%)、中盐区(0.2%)和重盐区(0.4%) 3个盐分梯度下,研究了栽植10年的乌哺鸡竹和淡竹Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺含量变化及其与生长和光合作用的相关关系.结果表明: 从低盐区到重盐区,乌哺鸡竹的立竹密度和地径分别下降30.4%和28.8%,降幅低于淡竹的44.1%和31.2%;两竹种单株生物量下降,地上器官生物量降幅均显著高于地下器官;乌哺鸡竹和淡竹净光合速率(P_n)和PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)分别下降57.6%和67.7%、6.1%和7.4%,乌哺鸡竹耐盐能力比淡竹强.随着土壤含盐量的增大,乌哺鸡竹和淡竹各器官Na⁺含量逐渐增加,K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺含量逐渐降低.两竹种根Na⁺积累较多,而地上部分K⁺含量较高.盐胁迫环境导致乌哺鸡竹根Ca²⁺含量与淡竹叶片Mg²⁺含量明显下降.两竹种的生物量、P_n、F_v/F_m与Na⁺含量呈显著负相关,与K⁺、Ca²⁺含量呈显著正相关.     

植物HKT蛋白耐盐机制研究进展

盐害是限制植物生长发育的重要环境因素, 对植物造成渗透胁迫和离子毒害。维持细胞及整株水平的Na⁺/K⁺平衡是植物重要的耐盐机制。目前, 已报道的高亲和性钾离子转运蛋白(HKT)具有钠、钾离子转运特性, 在植物体钠、钾离子长距离运输及分配过程中发挥重要作用。该文重点总结了淡土植物和盐土植物HKT蛋白的结构、功能及耐盐机理, 并对其在植物耐盐改良育种中的前景做出了展望。     

Responses of apical ion fluxes to NaCl stress in Elaeagnus angustifolia seedlings

Aims Elaeagnus angustifolia is one of the most salt-tolerant species. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanisms of ion transporation in E. angustifolia exposed to different salt concentrations through manipulations of K⁺/Na⁺ homeostasis.
Methods Seedlings of two variants of the species, Yinchuan provenance (YC, salt-sensitive type) and the Alaer provenance (ALE, salt-tolerant type), were treated with three different NaCl application modes, and the ion fluxes in the apical regions were measured using non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT). In mode 1, Na⁺ and K⁺ fluxes were measured after 150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl stress lasted for 24 h. In mode 2, K⁺ and H⁺ fluxes were quantified with a transient stimulation of NaCl solution. In mode 3, Amiloride (Na⁺/H⁺ antiporters inhibitor) and tetraethylammonium (TEA, K⁺ channel inhibitor) was used to treat apical regions of E. angustifolia seedlings after NaCl stress for 24 h, respectively.
Important findings Under NaCl stress for 24 h, net effluxes of Na⁺ and K⁺ were increased significantly. The net Na⁺ effluxes of YC provenance seedlings (720 pmol·cm^-2•s^-1) were lower than that of ALE provenance (912 pmol·cm^-2·s^-1), but the net K⁺ efflux was higher in YC provenance. Under the instantaneous NaCl stimulation, net K⁺ efflux was remarkably increased, with the net K⁺ efflux of YC provenance always higher than that of ALE provenance. Interestingly, H⁺ at the apical regions was found from influx to efflux, with the net H⁺ efflux of ALE provenance greater than that of the YC provenance. Under the NaCl and NaCl + Amiloride treatment, the net Na⁺ efflux of ALE provenance seedlings was higher than that of YC provenance, while the net K⁺ efflux was less in ALE provenance seedlings. On the other hand, the differences in net Na⁺ and K⁺ effluxes were insignificant between the two provenances under the control group and NaCl + TEA treatment. In conclusion, NaCl stress caused Na⁺ accumulation and K⁺ outflows of E. angustifolia seedlings; The E. angustifolia seedlings utilize Na⁺/H⁺ antiporters to reduce Na⁺ accumulation by excretion; and the maintenance of K⁺/Na⁺ homeostasis in salt-tolerant E. angustifolia provenance seedlings roots accounted for a greater Na⁺ extrusion and a lower K⁺ efflux under NaCl stress. Results from this study provide a theoretical basis for further exploring salt-tolerant E. angustifolia germplasm resource.     

外生菌根真菌通过调节离子平衡提高蒙古栎耐盐性

为探究盐胁迫对蒙古栎生长的影响以及外生菌根真菌(ECMF)对蒙古栎离子平衡的调节作用,对蒙古栎幼苗接种4种ECMF(铆钉菇、褐环乳牛肝菌、厚环粘盖牛肝菌和美味牛肝菌)后,以1年生非菌根化与菌根化幼苗为试验材料,进行36 d的NaCl胁迫(0、100、200、300 mmol·L^-1)处理,分析幼苗的菌根特征、生长量、叶伤害症状、叶片电解质渗透率及含水量、根茎叶离子含量的变化特征。结果表明: 4种ECMF均能与蒙古栎建立共生体系,菌根化幼苗的根系较非菌根化幼苗粗壮。盐胁迫下,蒙古栎幼苗的生长受到抑制并出现焦叶症状,其叶片质膜损伤和失水程度随盐胁迫浓度升高而加重。低盐胁迫时(100 mmol·L^-1),蒙古栎优先将Na⁺积累在根和茎中,中高浓度盐胁迫下(200～300 mmol·L^-1),根成为积累Na⁺的首要器官。ECMF通过增加根部的Na⁺水平和减少茎、叶的Na⁺积累,加强对K⁺和Ca²⁺的吸收以提高K⁺/Na⁺和Ca²⁺/Na⁺,进而调节蒙古栎的离子平衡。4种ECMF对蒙古栎盐毒害的缓解作用存在差异,铆钉菇作用效果最好,褐环乳牛肝菌次之,厚环粘盖牛肝菌和美味牛肝菌的作用相对较小。     

Glycinebetaine-induced modulation of antioxidant enzymes activities and ion accumulation in two wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance

Modulation of water relations, activities of antioxidant enzymes and ion accumulation was assessed in the plants of two wheat cultivars S-24 (salt tolerant) and MH-97 (moderately salt sensitive) subjected to saline conditions and glycinebetaine (GB) applied foliarly. Different levels of GB, i.e., 0 (unsprayed), 50 and 100 mM (in 0.10% Tween-20 solution) were applied to the wheat plants at the vegetative growth stage. Leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential and turgor potential were decreased due to salt stress. Salt stress increased the Na⁺ and Cl⁻ accumulation coupled with a decrease in K⁺ and Ca²⁺ in the leaves and roots of both cultivars thereby decreasing tissue K⁺/Na⁺ and Ca²⁺/Na⁺ ratios. Furthermore, salt stress decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), whereas it increased the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in both wheat cultivars. However, accumulation of GB in the leaves of both wheat cultivars was consistently increased with an increase in concentration of exogenous GB application under both non-saline and saline conditions. Accumulation of Na⁺ was decreased with an increase in K⁺ accumulation upon a consistent increase in GB accumulation under salt stress conditions thereby resulting in better K⁺/Na⁺ and Ca²⁺/Na⁺ ratios in the leaves and roots. High accumulation of GB and K⁺ mainly contributed to osmotic adjustment, which is one of the factors known to be responsible for improving growth and yield under salt stress. The activities of all antioxidant enzymes, SOD, CAT and POD were enhanced by GB application in cv. MH-97 under saline conditions, whereas all these except SOD were reduced in cv. S-24. It is likely that both applied GB and intrinsic SOD scavenged ROS in the tolerant cultivar thereby resulting into low activities of CAT and POD enzymes under salt stress. In conclusion, the adverse effects of salt stress on wheat can be alleviated by the exogenous application of 100 mM GB by modulating activities of antioxidant enzymes and changes in water relations and ion homeostasis. Furthermore, effectiveness of GB application on regulation of activities of antioxidant enzymes was found to be cultivar-specific.     

盐胁迫下外源褪黑素和Ca2+对甜瓜幼苗的缓解效应

以甜瓜品种‘羊角酥瓜’为试材,利用人工气候室控制环境条件(昼/夜25/18 ℃),研究盐胁迫条件下外源褪黑素(MT)和Ca²⁺对甜瓜幼苗根系和叶片中Cl^-、Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺离子含量,Na⁺/K⁺、 Na⁺/Ca²⁺、Na⁺/Mg²⁺值,以及H⁺-ATP酶活性、渗透调节物质积累和细胞膜质过氧化的影响.结果表明: 与对照相比,盐胁迫处理显著抑制甜瓜幼苗生长,增加根系和叶片中Cl^-、Na⁺含量,降低K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺含量.盐胁迫下,喷施外源MT或Ca²⁺处理均可以显著降低甜瓜根系和叶片中Cl^-、Na⁺含量,提高K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺含量,植株体内Na⁺/K⁺、Na⁺/Ca²⁺和 Na⁺/Mg²⁺值下降;同时也提高了根系和叶片H⁺-ATP酶活性及叶片渗透调节物质的含量,降低盐胁迫对细胞膜的伤害,表现在甜瓜叶片相对电导率和丙二醛含量降低.总之,在盐胁迫条件下,外源MT、Ca²⁺单独和复配处理均可通过提高H⁺-ATP酶活性来降低盐害离子的含量,改善甜瓜幼苗中的离子平衡,同时增加渗透调节物质的含量,降低膜质过氧化水平,从而增强其对盐胁迫的适应性,其中MT和Ca²⁺复配处理时的效果更好.复配外施 MT 和Ca²⁺在诱导甜瓜幼苗提高耐盐方面具有协同增效作用.