一种快速、精确构建大肠杆菌组氨酸营养缺陷型的方法*

将表达Red体内重组蛋白的质粒pKD46转化大肠杆菌DH5α,用 5′端与组氨酸基因同源 ,3′端与卡那霉素抗性基因同源的引物获得具有卡那霉素抗性基因的PCR产物 ,然后电击转化DH5α,在λRed重组系统的帮助下 ,通过卡那霉素抗性基因两侧的组氨酸基因序列在体内与大肠杆菌染色体上的组氨酸基因发生同源重组 ,置换了DH5α组氨酸操纵元中的hisDCB基因 ,最后利用卡那霉素抗性基因两端的FRT位点 ,通过FTP位点专一性重组将卡那霉素抗性基因去除 ,最终获得了不具抗性的大肠杆菌组氨酸营养缺陷型菌株。为在大     

利用Red重组系统敲除大肠杆菌 O157:H7的waaL 基因

目的:利用λ噬菌体Red重组系统敲除大肠杆菌O157:H7的waaL基因。方法:以pKD4为模板扩增出与waaL基因上下游同源的、含有卡那霉素抗性基因的PCR产物。然后电击转化到大肠杆菌 O157:H7 中,利用Red重组系统,通过卡那霉素抗性基因两侧的waaL基因序列在体内与waaL基因发生同源重组,置换了 O157:H7 基因组中的waaL基因。并进一步利用卡那霉素抗性基因两侧的FRT位点,通过FLP位点专一性重组将卡那霉素抗性基因敲除。结果:成功构建了敲除waaL基因且不带卡那霉素抗性基因的菌株。     

采用Red重组系统构建包装菌株DH-gⅢ

选择感染性噬菌体技术是研究蛋白相互作用的良好手段,获得基因Ⅲ缺陷的辅助噬菌体是构成SIP体系的关键.为制备基因Ⅲ缺失的辅助噬菌体,利用λRed重组系统将完整的噬菌体基因Ⅲ和氯霉素抗性基因整合到大肠埃希菌DH5α的染色体上组氨酸操纵元位点构建包装菌株,经氯霉素抗性筛选并用PCR及组氨酸表型鉴定,获得包装菌株DH-gⅢ;将缺失功能基因Ⅲ的缺陷型噬菌体基因组转化到包装菌株中培养制备辅助噬菌体,以集落形成试验来检测缺陷型噬菌体的感染能力,结果滴度可达到4.3×108,只具备一次感染力,表明包装菌株构建成功,能用来制备辅助噬菌体,有望用于SIP体系.     

利用Red重组系统敲除鲍曼不动杆菌asa A基因

目的利用Red重组系统敲除鲍曼不动杆菌ATCC 17978的asaA。方法设计上下游引物中包含asaA的同源序列,并以pKD4质粒为模板,扩增含有卡那霉素抗性基因的DNA片段。将该片段转化于表达重组酶的17978感受态细胞中,在卡那霉素筛选压力下,得到经两次同源双交换的具有卡那霉素基因标记的突变菌株。随后,在重组酶的作用下将抗性基因去除,最终得到无抗性基因标记的突变菌株ΔasaA。结果通过该重组系统,首先将卡那霉素抗性基因的DNA片段替换了基因组中asaA的DNA片段,然后将卡那霉素抗性基因的DNA片段消除,最终获得了asaA缺失的突变体。结论通过Red重组系统为鲍曼不动杆菌中其他基因的缺失突变提供方法与思路。     

利用Red系统快速敲除家蚕核型多角体病毒orf60基因

用Red重组系统和最近构建的家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)bacmid在大肠杆菌BW25113中快速地敲除BmNPVorf60基因。从大肠杆菌BmDH10Bac中提取BmNPVbacmid,将其电转化到含有质粒pKD46(能表达Red重组酶)的大肠杆菌菌株BW25113中,获得了可用于BmNPV基因打靶的菌株BW25113-Bac。设计一对长63bp的引物(5′端为orf60基因的左右同源臂,长45bp;3′端长18bp,为氯霉素抗性基因(cat)的首尾序列),以pKD3质粒(含cat)为模板,PCR扩增携带orf60左右同源臂的cat,即打靶线性化片段。将该线性化片段电转入BW25113-Bac菌株,在Red重组酶的作用下,线性化片段与BmNPVbacmid中的orf60基因发生同源重组。设计3对特异引物,用PCR方法证明cat成功地替换了BmNPVorf60基因。重组bacmid DNA转染BmN细胞后,Western blot分析未检测到orf60基因的表达。     

基于大肠杆菌受体菌DH5α △asd缺失株的构建及作为基因转化、表达操作系统的评估

基于大肠杆菌(E.coli)染色体上asd基因的已知序列,利用λ噬菌体的Red同源重组系统一步法构建E.coliDH5α的asd基因缺失突变株DH5α△asd::cat,在二次重组中利用携带能够表达FLP位点特异性重组酶的质粒pCP20介导二次同源重组,以去除上述缺失突变株中氯霉素抗性筛选基因。结合PCR扩增和测序结果,证明DH5α△asd缺失突变株的正确构建。该缺失突变株失去了在普通LB培养基上生长的能力,只有添加DAP或导入表达asd基因的质粒(asd基因互补试验)才能在LB培养基上生长,与原型DH5α比较,其生长速度和生长对数期、接受不同拷贝数质粒的转化效率几乎相一致。基于该缺失突变株构建出以asd营养基因为标志的大肠杆菌染色体-质粒平衡致死系统。体外培养连续传代50代次,pnirBMisL-fedF-asd质粒不丢失,并功能性表达F18大肠杆菌黏附素FedF。     

大肠杆菌ptsG基因敲除及其缺陷株生长特性研究

在大肠杆菌磷酸转移酶系统中,葡萄糖主要由ptsG基因编码的酶ⅡCB^Glc转运入细胞。利用代谢工程技术构建ptsG基因缺陷株,有望降低葡萄糖的摄取速率,减少乙酸累积,促进菌体生长。运用PCR技术,扩增出两翼与ptsG基因上下游序列同源,中间为氯霉素抗性基因的DNA片段。经电转化,将外源DNA片段分别转入Escherichia coli DH5a、JM109中。在Red重组酶的作用下,外源DNA片段与染色体上同源区域重组,将基因ptsG敲除,构建ptsG基因缺陷株：DH5αP,JM109P。在LB培养基中,ptsG基因缺陷株的生长状况与亲株无明显差异。在含有葡萄糖的LB培养基中,DH5αP、JM109P的最高菌密度分别是对照菌株DH5α,JM109的3．47倍和4．25倍,ptsG基因缺陷株对葡萄糖的摄入量也明显高于对照菌株。重组蛋白肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)在DH5αP、JM109P中的表达量分别占全菌蛋白的24．3％、20．8％,A600分别为8．28、7．62,TNF在缺陷株中单位体积的表达量明显高于对照菌株。以上结果说明,大肠杆菌ptsG基因缺陷株具有良好的生长能力和表达外源蛋白的能力,在大肠杆菌高密度发酵研究方面具有良好的应用前景。     

肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7前噬菌体CP-933Y缺失突变株的构建

目的:利用Red重组系统敲除肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7前噬菌体片段CP-933Y,进而构建CP-933Y缺失突变株。方法:以肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7菌株为模板,加入酶切位点PCR扩增前噬菌体CP-933Y上、下游各600 bp的同源臂序列;酶切后分别连接到p UC19-kan质粒的卡那霉素(包含FRT位点)抗性基因两侧,构建中间是卡那霉素抗性基因标记含有目的基因上、下游同源序列的线性片段;导入含有p KD46质粒的O157∶H7菌株中,利用Red编码的同源重组酶使该片段与目的基因上、下游发生同源重组,卡那霉素抗性基因置换菌株中CP-933Y前噬菌体片段,最后导入p CP20质粒去除卡那霉素抗性标记基因。结果:经PCR及测序验证,O157∶H7菌株中前噬菌体片段CP-933Y被敲除,敲除株与野生株具有相似的生长曲线。结论:构建了大肠杆菌O157∶H7前噬菌体CP-933Y缺失株,为进一步研究前噬菌体CP-933Y的功能奠定了基础。     

肠出血性大肠杆菌Ⅲ型分泌系统ATP水解酶escN基因突变株的构建

目的:利用λ噬菌体的Red重组系统敲除肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7的Ⅲ型分泌系统ATP水解酶Esc N,构建大肠杆菌esc N基因缺失突变株。方法:以O157∶H7为模板,PCR扩增目的基因两侧的同源臂序列,分别酶切连接于p UC19-kan质粒上,PCR获得中间嵌合卡那霉素抗性基因(带有FRT位点)的同源线性片段,利用质粒p KD46和p CP20介导的重组技术敲除esc N基因,并去除抗性标记;PCR及测序验证目的基因缺失后,测定缺失株及野生菌株的生长曲线。结果:敲除了肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7的esc N基因,突变株与野生株的生长曲线相近。结论:构建了Ⅲ型分泌系统缺陷菌株,为进一步研究Ⅲ型分泌系统因子在肠出血性大肠杆菌致病过程中的作用奠定了基础。     

利用Red重组系统对大肠杆菌ClpP基因的敲除

利用含有质粒pKD4 6的菌株BW2 5 113,在阿拉伯糖诱导后 ,表达λ噬菌体的 3个重组蛋白 ,宿主菌就具有了同源重组的能力 .设计的引物 5′端有 5 0bp的拟敲除基因的同源臂 ,3′端为扩增引物 ,以pKD3为模板 ,扩增两侧含FRT位点的氯霉素抗性基因 ,将此线性片段电转入具重组功能的感受态细胞 ,利用氯霉素平板就可以筛选到阳性转化体 .再利用表达Flp重组酶的质粒pCP2 0 ,可将FRT位点之间的氯霉素抗性基因删除 .利用该重组系统 ,构建了ClpP蛋白酶缺失的大肠杆菌工程菌株 ,可望在减少外源蛋白的降解方面发挥一定的作用 .     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.