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1.
色季拉山林线不同生活型植物稳定碳同位素组成特征   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
李明财  罗天祥  孔高强  郭军 《生态学报》2008,28(7):3160-3167
通过测定青藏高原东南部色季拉山林线处典型冷湿气候条件下植物叶片δ13C 值,从物种、生活型(常绿乔木、常绿灌木、落叶灌木及草本)两个水平研究该地区植物的水分利用策略是否存在明显的分异,进一步验证生活型能否用来划分林线地区极端环境条件下生理学特征(碳-水平衡)类似的不同植物类群.结果表明,所测定的隶属于18科、28属的31种植物叶片的δ13C值介于-30.24‰和-25.39‰之间,平均值为-27.68‰,表明色季拉山研究区内植物的碳固定均通过C3光合作用途径实现,没在C4植物的分布.常绿灌木黄杯杜鹃与海绵杜鹃δ13C值无显著性差异(P>0.05),落叶灌木西南桦楸、山生柳以及冰川茶藨子也无显著性差异(P>0.05).相反,不同生活型植物之间叶δ13C值差异显著(P<0.01),为常绿乔木(冷杉)(-27.27‰) > 常绿灌木(-27.56‰) > 落叶灌木(-27.93‰)= 草本(-27.91‰).本研究结果表明在色齐拉山高山林线地带,尽管水分相对充足,但不同生活型植被之间存在明显不同的稳定碳同位素分馏.同一生活型的叶δ13C值无显著差异,而不同生活型植物δ13C值差异显著,说明植物水分利用策略的变化主要是由于生活型的变化引起的,即不同生活型植物的叶δ13C值可综合反映不同功能类群植物的水分利用策略变化.  相似文献   

2.
王玉涛  李吉跃  程炜  陈崇  耿欣 《生态学报》2008,28(7):3143-3451
城市绿化树种是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,为了探讨城市绿化树种水分利用效率的季节变化及其影响因素,本文对北京24个城市绿化树种(包括6个常绿针叶和18个落叶阔叶树种)叶片碳同位素组成(δ13C)的季节变化以及与土壤温湿度和气象因子的相关性进行了研究.结果表明:常绿树种叶片δ13C季节间差异不显著,春、夏和秋季的平均值都接近-25.9‰,在-27.0‰~-24.5‰间变化;落叶树种叶片δ13C季节间差异极显著(p=1.97×10-7秋季>夏季,表明绿化树种水分利用效率(WUE)也为春季>秋季>夏季.研究发现:叶片δ13C与比叶面积(SLA)呈显著的负相关(落叶p=6.195×10-8相似文献   

3.
利用稳定碳同位素技术分析了辽宁省五味子果实、果梗、叶片稳定碳同位素组成(δ13C)随生长时间的变化规律及果实δ13C值与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:植物不同器官δ13C值差异显著(P0.01),表现为果实(-26.356‰)果梗(-26.620‰)叶片(-28.327‰),说明光合产物由光合作用器官到非光合作用器官存在明显的碳同位素分馏,非光合作用器官之间也存在差异。随着时间变化,五味子果实δ13C值相对稳定,果梗δ13C值降低,叶片δ13C值显著降低(P0.001)。五味子果实δ13C值随纬度的升高略有升高(R=0.101),与大气δ13C值呈弱负相关(R=-0.204)。果实δ13C值随纬度的变化为利用同位素技术进行五味子产地鉴别提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

4.
桂西北喀斯特坡地典型生境不同植物叶片的碳同位素差异   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过测定7种典型植物的叶片δ13C值,比较了桂西北喀斯特坡地连片裸露石丛及其临近浅薄土层处植物叶片δ13C值及其季节性差异。结果表明:旱季(2008年11月、2009年3月)植物叶片δ13C值显著高于雨季(2009年7月)(P0.05);旱季和雨季菜豆树、铁线莲、黄荆的δ13C值无显著差异(P0.05),而盐肤木、红背山麻杆、蕨、肾蕨旱季显著高于雨季(P0.05);季节性降雨差异对乔木类菜豆树、藤本类的铁线莲以及根系较深灌木叶片δ13C值的影响较小,而对浅根系草本植物、浅根灌木影响较大;旱季和雨季2种生境下菜豆树叶片δ13C值差异均不大,旱季和雨季连片裸岩生境的红背山麻杆和黄荆叶片δ13C值与临近浅薄土层生境值的差异虽不显著(P0.05),但差异大于菜豆树,说明生境条件的差异对这2种灌木叶片δ13C值的影响较大。  相似文献   

5.
通过测定西双版纳两个热带雨林类型中226个植物种叶片的δ^13C值,以其为植物水分利用效率的指示物,研究了本地区热带雨林植物叶片δ^13C值的特点及水分利用状况,比较了不同样线植物叶片δ^13C平均值以及不同生活型植物叶片δ^13C平均值的差异。研究发现:1.西双版纳地区热带雨林植物叶片δ^13C值的范围在-3.865%--2.760%之间,与其他典型热带地区的研制结果相近,表明该地区具有世界其他典型热麻的特征;2.补蚌样地所有植物叶片δ^13C平均值低于城子样地,植物叶片δ^13C平均值在同一样地不同样线之间也存在显差异,表明水分状况和样线的方法位是样线之间存在差异的主要原因;3.常绿植物叶片的δ^13C值显低于落叶植物,乔木、灌木、草本和藤本植物叶片的δ^13C值之间也存在显差异,水分利用状况因此而不同。  相似文献   

6.
通过对中国北方C3草本植物稳定性碳同位素的测定以及有关该区植被碳同位素资料的收集,共获取了47个样点的地理位置、气候因子和325个植物样品的碳同位素数据;计算了中国北方不同气候分区的湿润指数,分析了C3草本植物δ13C值的空间特征以及与湿润指数等环境因子之间的关系。在所调查的范围内,中国北方地区C3草本植物δ13C值的分布区间为-29.9‰--25.4‰,平均值为-27.3‰。C3草本植物δ13C的平均值从半湿润地区到半干旱地区再到干旱地区显著变重;3个气候分区植物δ13C值的变化范围分别是-29.9‰--26.7‰(半湿润区)、-28.4‰--25.6‰(半干旱区)和-28.0‰--25.4‰(干旱区)。一元回归分析表明,各气候分区C3草本植物δ13C值与湿润指数的关系存在差异,在半干旱区、半湿润区和整个北方地区,C3草本植物δ13C值与湿润指数均呈显著线性负相关(P〈0.05),随着湿润指数的增加,C3植物δ13C平均值均变轻,但下降幅度不同。而在北方干旱气候区内,C3草本植物δ13C与湿润指数呈显著正相关(P〈0.05),湿润指数每升高0.1,植物δ13C平均值增加1.3‰。年均温度可能是决定该区内各样点湿润指数和C3植物对13C分馏能力差别的主要原因。  相似文献   

7.
以分布于祁连山北麓中段的两种优势乔木祁连圆柏(Sabina przewalskii)和青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)为研究对象,分析了高山乔木叶片δ13C值对海拔(2600-3600m)、土壤含水量和叶片含水量、叶片碳氮含量的响应及其机理。结果表明,这两种乔木叶片δ13C值均随海拔升高呈增重趋势,与海拔呈显著正相关关系(p0.0001)。海拔2600-3600m阳坡树种祁连圆柏叶片的δ13C值显著高于同海拔梯度阴坡树种青海云杉。祁连圆柏和青海云杉叶片的δ13C值均与年平均气温呈显著负相关关系(p0.0001),与年平均降水量呈显著正相关关系(p0.0001)。祁连圆柏叶片δ13C值与土壤含水量(p0.0001)、叶片含水量(p=0.01)和叶片碳氮比(C/N)(p0.0001)呈显著正相关关系,与叶片全氮呈显著负相关关系(p0.0001)。而青海云杉叶片δ13C值与土壤含水量、叶片全氮、叶片碳氮比和叶片含水量不相关。说明海拔变化引起的水热条件的改变,尤其是温度变化对高山乔木叶片碳同位素分馏起主要作用,但各个因子综合对高山植物叶片碳同位素分馏的作用机制可能比较复杂,需进一步深入研究。  相似文献   

8.
采取人工控制实验,探讨了6种C3、C4草本植物在昼/夜温度指标为20/12℃!36/28℃的范围内植物碳同位素组成(δ13C)及其对温度变化的响应,并结合植物比叶面积(SLA)、胞间CO2浓度(ci)与环境CO2浓度(ca)的比值、碳同化率(净光合速率Pn/胞间CO2浓度ci)等光合生长指标对植物δ13C的影响进行了分析。结果表明:所有C3、C4植物样品的δ13C值分别变化在-28.3‰!-32.1‰和-14.4‰!-17.6‰之间;在C3植物中,油菜δ13C值分布范围最集中,位于-31.1‰!-32.1‰之间;C4植物中,谷子δ13C值分布范围最窄。在控制的温度范围内,3种C3植物的平均δ13C值随温度升高而显著变低,而C4植物δ13C平均值与温度呈先增大后减小的抛物型关系,但线性回归结果未达到显著水平(P0.05)。单个植物种的δ13C值对温度的响应不同,茄子、高粱的δ13C值与温度呈线性负相关,其它4种植物与温度均呈二次抛物线关系,这可能与不同植物种具有不同的光合最适温度以及植物δ13C分馏对温度变化的敏感程度不同有关。  相似文献   

9.
喻阳华  程雯  杨丹丽  钟欣平 《生态学报》2018,38(24):8733-8740
稳定性碳同位素自然丰度(δ13C)能够揭示生态系统长时间尺度的有机碳动态变化,阐明生态系统功能的变化特征。以黔西北次生林14个优势树种为研究对象,测定叶片、凋落物以及根区土壤有机碳含量和δ13C值,分析不同层次碳含量和δ13C丰度之间的相关性。结果表明:14个优势树种叶片碳含量为404.67—487.14 g/kg,总体为针叶树种较高、常绿灌木较低;δ13C值为-31.2‰—-27.1‰,随生活型的变化规律不明显。凋落物碳含量为414.62—561.31 g/kg,与叶片碳含量的变化规律较为一致;δ13C值为-31.5‰—-27.3‰,随树种生活型的变化特征也不明显。根区土壤碳含量为10.02—91.59 g/kg,δ13C值为-26.8‰—-22.5‰,碳含量以光皮桦、银白杨等落叶乔木较高。叶片、凋落物和根区土壤3个层次的碳含量与δ13C丰度之间均呈不显著相关,不同层次的δ13C丰度之间和碳含量之间均为正相关。研究结果有助于反映森林生态系统碳循环过程的关键信息,为森林植被恢复提供理论依据。  相似文献   

10.
为探讨会仙喀斯特湿地不同生长环境下植物叶片碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)、稳定碳同位素(δ~(13)C)特征及其生态学指示意义,该文以挺水植物芦苇、浮水植物水葫芦和沉水植物金鱼藻为研究对象,分析了三种典型不同生活型植物叶片的δ~(13)C特征及种间和微生境的差异,并基于植物碳同位素与碳酸酐酶显著正相关的二端元模型,估算了植物利用光合作用固定的碳酸氢根离子(HCO3-)的碳量。结果表明:(1)三种植物叶片δ~(13)C的变化范围为-28.47‰~-21.69‰,平均值为-24.83‰,不同生活型植物间δ~(13)C存在差异,金鱼藻水葫芦芦苇。(2)植物δ~(13)C值与叶片C、N和P元素含量间呈显著正相关,与C/N、C/P和N/P呈显著负相关关系,与底泥的有机质、速效氮、总氮、速效磷和总磷含量呈显著正相关。(3)会仙喀斯特湿地三种不同生活型植物叶片N/P平均值为10.34,表现出植物受N、P共同影响的特征。(4)δ~(13)C的变化特征,揭示了三种水生植物可能通过增加磷利用效率来促进低水分利用率环境下的碳的合成,通过提高植物水分利用效率的策略来代偿较低的氮素利用效率。(5)芦苇光合作用固定HCO3-碳量为159.60 t·a~(-1)·km~(-2),水葫芦为10.80 t·a~(-1)·km~(-2),金鱼藻为9.24 t·a~(-1)·km~(-2),平均值为59.88 t·a~(-1)·km~(-2)。会仙喀斯特湿地植物的不同生活型、光合作用途径和生长微环境,是影响叶片δ~(13)C变化的主要因素。  相似文献   

11.
Leaf samples and tree rings formed between the mid‐1960s and mid‐1990s from sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) at Gatineau Park (45°30′ N, 75°54′ W), Quebec were analysed for δ13C. Leaf samples were collected at ground level (1–2 m above ground) at monthly intervals during the summer, whereas tree cores were extracted from the largest trees (d.b.h. > 30 cm) in the young deciduous forest in August 1998. Significant linear decreases in δ13C over time were found in foliage and tree rings, but the decrease in δ13C was significantly greater in foliage than in the wood. The apparent isotopic discrimination (Δ) of tree rings varied insignificantly around a mean of 18‰, whereas foliar Δ increased significantly from 19‰ in the 1960s to around 23‰ by the mid 1990s, likely as a result of an increasing canopy effect as the forest matured. Using models of carbon discrimination and Δ‐values of the tree rings, we calculate that the intrinsic water use efficiency of mature sugar maple has increased by approximately 4% over the study period.  相似文献   

12.
亚热带常绿阔叶林和暖温带落叶阔叶林叶片热值比较研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
田苗  宋广艳  赵宁  何念鹏  侯继华 《生态学报》2015,35(23):7709-7717
植物干重热值(GCV)是衡量植物生命活动及组成成分的重要指标之一,反映了植物光合作用中固定太阳辐射的能力。利用氧弹量热仪测定了亚热带和暖温带两个典型森林生态系统常见的276种常见植物叶片的干重热值,探讨了亚热带和暖温带植物热值分布特征,以及不同生活型、乔木类型间植物热值的变化规律。实验结果发现:亚热带常绿阔叶林和暖温带落叶阔叶林叶片热值的平均值分别为17.83 k J/g(n=191)和17.21k J/g(n=85),整体表现为亚热带植物暖温带植物。不同地带性植被的植物叶片热值在不同生活型间表现出相似的规律,其中亚热带常绿阔叶林表现为:乔木(19.09 k J/g)灌木(17.87 k J/g)草本(16.65 k J/g);暖温带落叶阔叶林表现为:乔木(18.41 k J/g)灌木(17.94 k J/g)草本(16.53 k J/g);不同乔木类型间均呈现常绿乔木落叶乔木、针叶乔木阔叶乔木的趋势。落叶阔叶乔木表现为亚热带暖温带,而常绿针叶乔木则呈现亚热带暖温带的趋势。此外,我们对于两个分布区域内的4种针叶树种叶片热值进行了比较,发现华北落叶松(19.32 k J/g,暖温带)杉木(19.40 k J/g,亚热带)马尾松(19.82 k J/g,亚热带)油松(20.95 k J/g,暖温带)。亚热带常绿阔叶林和暖温带落叶阔叶林植物热值的特征及其变化规律,为森林生态系统的能量流动提供了理论基础。  相似文献   

13.
Plant species growing in shallow-soil habitat are likely to experience water deficit especially in seasonally dry or arid regions. However, only scarce studies focused on their water-use strategies. The current study aimed to reveal water-use strategies of different species growing on continuous dolomite outcrops (a typical shallow-soil habitat) in subtropical China that relied on different water sources, and to investigate the differences between narrow endemic and widespread species, based on season variations in leaf δ13C values. Leaf samples of six plant species (Radermachera sinica, Sapium rotundifolium, Sterculia euosma, Schefflera octophylla, Alchornea trewioides, and Vitex negundo, in different life-forms and leaf phenologies) were collected for carbon isotope measurements in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Contrary to the expectation, the evergreen big shrub species, S. octophylla, which always relied on deep water sources, exhibited the most positive δ13C values (high water-use efficiency, WUE), indicating more conservative water-use strategies. While the two deciduous small shrubs, A. trewioides and V. negundo, which always relied on shallow water sources, exhibited the most negative δ13C values (low WUE). This result was associated with their short life spans, indicating an opportunistic water-use strategy. Leaf δ13C values of almost all (except for S. octophylla) the selected species were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the dry season than in the wet season. This indicated that it was a common strategy for species in rocky karst habitat to improve their WUE in dry season. Despite the similar water sources utilized by the selected three tree species, the widespread one (R. sinica) exhibited greater improvement in leaf δ13C values than the narrow endemic ones (S. rotundifolium and S. euosma). This suggested that the widespread tree species had more flexible water-use strategies. It was further speculated that broad spatial distribution of widespread species may contribute to their highly plastic responses to changes in environmental conditions rather than always maintaining high WUE.  相似文献   

14.
15.
植物凋落叶养分含量的时空分布格局在森林生态系统的物质循环和能量流动中发挥着关键作用,尤其是对森林土壤养分情况有重要的影响,而在群落结构复杂的亚热带森林中基于群落整体水平的凋落叶养分含量特征研究相对匮乏。在位于浙江天童国家森林公园中的20 hm2动态监测样地进行,收集凋落叶并测定其碳、氮、磷含量,结合不同生活型物种的凋落高峰,春季和初夏为常绿树种凋落高峰;秋季为落叶树种凋落高峰,以及地形特征对凋落叶养分含量的时空分布特征进行探究。结果表明:在时间尺度上,凋落叶养分含量表现为不同凋落高峰之间的差异,碳含量表现为秋季高峰 < 春季高峰 < 初夏季高峰,氮、磷含量为秋季高峰大于春季和初夏季高峰;在空间尺度上,凋落叶养分含量则表现为沟谷地形和山脊地形之间的差异性,在秋季凋落高峰时碳含量在沟谷地形显著低于山脊地形,氮、磷含量在山脊地形显著低于其他地形。研究结果表明群落物种组成及其生活型差异是造成森林群落水平凋落叶养分含量时空差异的主要原因。  相似文献   

16.
Drought stress is one of the most important factors in limiting the survival and growth of plants in the harsh karst habitats of southwestern China, especially at the seedling establishment stage. The ecophysiological response to drought stress of native plants with different growth forms is useful for re-vegetation programs. Two shrub and four tree species were studied, including Pyracantha fortuneana (evergreen shrub), Rosa cymosa (deciduous shrub), Cinnamomum bodinieri (evergreen tree), and other three deciduous trees, Broussonetia papyrifera, Platycarya longipes, and Pteroceltis tatarinowii. The seedlings were randomly assigned to four drought treatments, i.e., well-watered, mild drought stress, moderate drought stress, and severe drought stress. Leaf water relations, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and growth of the seedlings were investigated. Under severe drought stress, the two shrubs with low leaf area ratio (LAR) maintained higher water status, higher photosynthetic capacity, and larger percent biomass increase than the most of the trees. The two shrubs also had lower specific leaf area, greater intrinsic water use efficiency, and thermal dissipation than the trees. This suggested that the two shrubs had high tolerance to severe drought and were suitable for re-vegetation in harsh habitats. The evergreen C. bodinieri exhibited higher leaf mass ratio (LMR) and LAR than the deciduous species under mild and moderate stress. However, the low maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (F v/F m) and net assimilation rate, and the sharp decreases of water potential, LMR, LAR, and biomass under severe stress indicated C. bodinieri’s weak tolerance to severe drought. In response to drought stress, the three deciduous trees revealed sharp reductions of biomass due to the large drought-induced decreases of gas exchange, LAR, and LMR. Under drought conditions, the deciduous trees minimized water loss by stomatal closure and by reducing transpiration leaf area and light harvesting through shedding leaves. This suggested that the three deciduous trees were more sensitive to water availability than the shrubs and used avoidance strategies against drought stress. However, the better growth performance of the deciduous trees than that of the shrubs under favorable conditions suggested that deciduous trees could be suitable for habitats with mild and temporary drought stress.  相似文献   

17.
根据2018年春季和秋季在海州湾海域进行底拖网调查采集的样品,基于碳氮稳定同位素分析,对海州湾短吻红舌鳎的摄食生态进行研究。结果表明: 海州湾短吻红舌鳎的δ13C值平均值为(-17.79±1.00)‰,其范围在-20.75‰~-15.91‰;δ15N值平均值为(9.37±1.33)‰,其范围在5.98‰~12.02‰。Pearson相关分析表明,海州湾短吻红舌鳎δ13C值与体长呈显著负相关,δ15N值与体长呈显著正相关。根据δ15N值计算得出海州湾短吻红舌鳎的平均营养级为(3.43±0.97),且营养级与体长呈显著正相关。海州湾短吻红舌鳎摄食的饵料生物有鱼类、蟹类、虾类、软体动物、多毛类、浮游生物和颗粒有机物等,其中虾类的营养贡献率最高。秋季鱼类、蟹类、虾类对短吻红舌鳎的营养贡献率较春季有所增高。本研究将有助于揭示短吻红舌鳎在海州湾生态系统物质循环和能量流动中的地位和作用,为其资源保护和合理利用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

18.
Tree growth is the most important factor in determining the carbon sequestration processes of forest ecosystems. However, the growth phenology (seasonal growth pattern) and responses of tree growth to climatic variables vary considerably among different species, especially between deciduous and evergreen species. Thus, it is crucial to explore the seasonal growth patterns of different tree species in relation to climate to better understand the responses of tree physiology to climate changes, especially in mixed-species forest stands. In this study, we monitored the daily basal area increments of 220 individuals belonging to 15 common broadleaved tree species, nine deciduous and six evergreen species, in mixed-species experimental stands in subtropical China and analysed the relationships between radial stem growth and seasonal climate at a high-temporal resolution. We fitted daily increments of stem diameters with four frequently used nonlinear models and chose the best model for each species. The results showed that the evergreen trees grew faster than the deciduous trees, both annually and within the growing season. The tested nonlinear models (Korf, Weibull, logistic and Gompertz) produced good fits for the growth patterns of all species. Overall, the evergreen species began stem growth earlier and finished later during the growing season than that of the deciduous species. Within the growing season, the radial growth of trees in mixed stands containing both types of species was strongly positively correlated with humidity. In spring, increases in both temperature and moisture increased the daily relative basal area increment of all species. Maximum growth rates occurred when the soil water content reached its highest level and gradually decreased when the soil water content decreased. In summer, high temperatures combined with low amounts of precipitation led to heat-induced summer drought, to which the evergreen trees appeared to be more tolerant than the deciduous trees, which was reflected in the reduced stem growth of the latter. These results indicate the different climate-dependent seasonal growth strategies of evergreen and deciduous trees related to the trade-off described by the leaf economics spectrum, i.e., short-lived leaves with higher assimilation rates in deciduous and longer-lived leaves with a greater drought tolerance in evergreen species.  相似文献   

19.
Diurnal and seasonal fluctuations in the photosynthetic performance and water relations of two co-occurring Mediterranean shrubs, Erica multiflora and Globularia alypum were monitored throughout two consecutive years at Garraf Natural Park in north-east Spain. Leaf gas exchange rates, chlorophyll fluorescence and shoot water potentials were measured once each season. Leaf nitrogen and carbon concentrations, leaf delta13C and delta15N and specific leaf area (SLA) were also measured once a year (August) on well developed mature leaves. Globularia alypum experienced seasonal fluctuations in their water potential, with the lowest values recorded in summer, whereas E. multiflora did not show significant differences in water potential among seasons. Moreover, lower water potentials were found in G. alypum than in E. multiflora throughout the entire study, suggesting that the latter behaved as a drought-avoiding species, whereas the former tolerated lower water potentials. In both species, maximum leaf gas exchange rates were observed in autumn and secondarily in spring; in contrast, photosynthetic and transpiration rates reached absolute minima in summer. The stronger fluctuations in water potential and leaf gas exchange rates found in G. alypum compared to E. multiflora, suggest that G. alypum is, sensu Levitt (1980), a water spender, whereas E. multiflora is a water conservative. This hypothesis is further supported by a higher integrated water-use efficiency (higher delta13C values) and a higher degree of sclerophylly (lower SLA) in E. multiflora in comparison with G. alypum. Globularia alypum showed higher leaf gas exchange rates and higher predawn potential photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) than E. multiflora during most of the study. In spring and autumn, predawn Fv/Fm values were within the optimal range, whereas chronic photoinhibition in summer and winter was detected in both species. However, whereas both species could maintain positive photosynthetic rates in winter, frequent negative values were found in summer, suggesting higher levels of stress during the drought period. These results together with the high correlations that were found between the net photosynthetic rates and several parameters of water availability (accumulated rainfall, soil moisture or midday water potential) provided further evidence of the key role of water availability in the regulation of the photosynthetic rates in these Mediterranean species. Warmer and drier conditions in future decades, as a consequence of climate change, may alter the present, slight competitive advantage of G. alypum and the fitness of both shrub species within semi-arid Mediterranean environments.  相似文献   

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