松嫩平原活动积温变化及其对作物产量的影响

选取松嫩平原长春、哈尔滨、白城、齐齐哈尔、海伦和嫩江6个气象台站1951—2017年逐日气温资料,统计各地区历年≥10℃积温,构建各气象台站的年活动积温时间序列,分析其变化特征,并利用自回归综合移动平均模型(ARIMA模型)预测各气象台站未来10年的活动积温变化,同时利用国家统计局网站提供的2012—2016年黑河市、绥化市、哈尔滨市、四平市和沈阳市的大豆、玉米和水稻的产量数据,建立活动积温与作物产量的回归关系。结果表明:近67年松嫩平原6个气象台站的活动积温年际间波动较大,1981—2010年是积温升高的主要年份,1993年以来,活动积温增加较显著,2001—2017年的平均活动积温较1951—2000年增加243.6～420.3℃·d;松嫩平原北部活动积温上升幅度大于南部;构建ARIMA模型预测2018—2027年松嫩平原的活动积温较2001—2017年有所升高,6个气象台站间升高幅度在25.7～96.9℃·d;活动积温预测值均在置信区间内;活动积温与作物产量呈二次曲线变化,活动积温在3300℃·d以下时,玉米产量随活动积温增加而增加,活动积温在3800℃·d以下时,大豆和水稻产量随活动积温增加而增加。     

繁殖-育幼期雌性大熊猫的空间利用与活动模式特征

繁殖期间的空间利用与活动模式特征是野生动物长期适应环境的具体表现,研究野生动物繁殖期间行为特征与策略是动物生态学研究中最重要的基础问题之一。2010年3月至2012年3月,我们利用内置记录活动水平传感器的GPS项圈记录了1只受孕、产仔并育幼的野生大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）的活动位点和活动水平。研究了该大熊猫各繁殖阶段（交配后期、产仔期和育幼期）的空间利用与活动模式特征。结果表明：在交配后期（2010年春季,即4-6月）,雌性大熊猫活动空间范围较大为3.49 km²,其日平均活动距离较大,活动水平也相对较强;在产仔期前后（2010年夏秋季,即7-10月）,雌性大熊猫的活动范围明显缩小为0.42 km²,日平均活动距离和活动水平都明显减低;自2010年冬季（2010年11月至2011年3月）开始雌性大熊猫带仔生活,其家域面积逐渐增大,且趋向稳定 （0.84~1.19 km²）,日平均活动距离和活动水平都开始逐渐增大。雌性大熊猫在求偶交配、受孕、产仔和育幼过程中的空间利用与活动模式特征反映了大熊猫在繁殖期间的行为策略。本研究结果可为繁殖期间大熊猫及栖息地的保护管理政策制定提供科学依据。     

创建"五结合"生物科技活动模式

目前世界各国均重视开展科技教育。在我国已有多种生物科技活动模式。近3年来,我校结合生命科学的教学,组织开展了丰富多彩的生物科技活动。经过3年的实践探索,我们探索一种比较适合各类学校开展的“五结合”生物科技活动模式．即课堂内外与校内外相结合、生物科技活动与全校性科技活动开展相结合、长期活动项目与短期活动项目相结合、理论探讨与实践探究相结合、活动与评价相结合。     

青藏高原人类活动强度时空变化与影响因素

科学评估人类活动强度对于统筹协调青藏高原生态保护与人类活动具有重要意义。基于多期土地利用现状调查数据和陆地表层人类活动强度算法,测算和分析了青藏高原1984年、1997年、2008年和2018年的人类活动强度及其时空变化特征,使用地理探测器定量解析了影响青藏高原人类活动强度空间分异的驱动因素。结果表明：(1)1984—2018年青藏高原人类活动强度总体处于低水平阶段,大致以2008年为节点,前期缓慢下降,后期快速上升,1984年的人类活动强度为1.44%,2018年上升到1.70%;(2)西藏“一江两河”地区(雅鲁藏布江、拉萨河和年楚河)和青海河湟谷地的人类活动强度最高,沿日喀则-拉萨-那曲-玉树-果洛-西宁形成条带状的相对高值分布区,川藏高山峡谷区、藏北-青南高原区和帕米尔山区的人类活动强度最低;(3)人类活动强度空间分异的主要因素为人口密度、道路密度、经济规模、地表起伏度、城镇化水平、第一产业占比和区域发展导向,且各因子间的交互作用解释力显著高于单因子,表现为非线性增强和双因子增强。     

提高中学生物学科技活动质量的思考

近年来,我国中学生物学科技活动蓬勃发展,但活动开展不平衡仍然是一个突出的问题,而科技活动的质量更是一个值得重视的问题。１　我国中学生物学科技活动现状调查笔者在１９９４年和１９９６年,分别对江苏省５０所中学和６１所中学１１４名中学生物学青年教师进行了调查研究,结果表明,目前,相当数量的中学所开展的生物学科技活动主要是采集和制作动植物标本、饲养和栽培动植物等较为简单的活动（表１）。这些科技活动的活动目标主要是训练某些生物学基本技能,创造性活动和探究性活动的比重小。深入调查表明,相当数量的中学生物学教…     

2016年国家级自然保护区人类活动遥感监测报告发布 人在干,天在看

正2016年12月2日,环境保护部发布了今年上半年,环境保护部卫星环境应用中心开展的全国446个国家级自然保护区(简称保护区)2013-2015年人类活动遥感监测结果。2015年,全国446个保护区中均存在不同程度的人类活动,共有人类活动156061处,总面积28546平方公里,占保护区总面积的2.95%。保护区人类活动主要包括采石场、工矿用地、能源设施、交通设施、旅游设施、养殖     

白马鸡生态习性的初步观察

１９９２年４月－１９９４年７月白马雪山自然保护区直接跟踪观察白马鸡的四季垂直迁移活动２栖息地类型,日活动规律的结果,并对白鸡与其它雉类的同群活动,繁殖期的结构群现象进行了描术客分析。     

基于红外相机监测的藏酋猴日活动节律及其季节性变化

日活动节律是动物在一天中不同时间段的活动强度及其周期性变化规律,与身体控制代谢和能量收支成本密切相关。2015年8月至2017年8月,在贵州赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区,借助红外相机监测,对藏酋猴(Macaca thibetana)日活动节律及不同季节的日活动节律的变化进行了研究。调查期间红外相机累计6370个工作日,共收获687张藏酋猴照片,其中独立有效照片105张。日活动节律分析显示,藏酋猴属于典型性的昼行性动物,日活动呈现"M"型,活动高峰出现在12:00—16:00。不同季节的日活动节律比较结果显示,藏酋猴在雨季和旱季的行为节律差异不显著(P>0.05)。与雨季相比,旱季的行为差异表现为活动时间缩短、日出时段活动减少以及主要活动时间从中午推移到下午。另外,随着年气温的变化,藏酋猴日活动温度范围在-2~34℃,其中,15~25℃时活动频次较高(占比59%)。本研究从红外相机的视角揭示了藏酋猴的日活动节律及其变化,为藏酋猴行为生态学研究的深入提供了科学依据。     

北京生理科学会筹备庆祝学会成立五十周年活动

2005年5月27日上午北京生理科学会召开了理事会议,主要内容为筹备举办学会50周年庆祝活动事宜。此外,还对“天坛国际脑血管会议”中,我学会举办的专题会进行组织和筹备,北京市科协作为此国际会议的主办单位之一,已将其列入2005年的重大活动给予支持。会上还对我学会一、两年举行一次的学术年会和北京市科协2005年学术月活动进行讨论和安排。     

上海市微生物学会

为了积极响应以华主席为首的党中央抓纲治国的战斗号召,以实际行动迎接全国科学大会的胜利召开,上海市微生物学会在有关单位的积极配合与支持下,已在1977年9月恢复学会活动。到1977年底,已进行了四次学术交流活动。上海市微生物学会已将1978年学术交流活动内容作了初步安排。其中,已落实了有关医学、兽医、工业微生物学的学术交流活动内容。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.