血清降钙素原、C反应蛋白及白细胞计数在儿童感染性疾病中的诊断价值

目的:探讨检测血清降钙素原、C反应蛋白和白细胞计数在儿童不同病原体感染性疾病中的诊断价值。方法:选取我院儿科收治的感染性疾病患儿132例,根据病原学检测结果分为细菌感染组56例,病毒感染组36例和肺炎支原体感染组40例,对三组患儿分别测定血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和白细胞计数(WBC),比较检测结果在儿童感染性疾病诊断中的优势。结果:细菌感染组患儿血清PCT、CRP、WBC水平均较病毒感染组患儿显著升高(P0.05),PCT、WBC水平显著高于支原体感染组患儿高(P0.05);支原体感染组CRP水平显著高于病毒感染组(P0.05)。PCT在诊断细菌感染时灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及约登指数均明显高于CRP和WBC。结论:PCT在诊断细菌性感染时具有更好的灵敏度、特异度及准确性,对鉴别儿童感染性疾病具有一定的指导价值,对于血清PCT水平明显升高的患儿,要高度注意其细菌感染的可能。     

重型颅脑损伤监测降钙素原和超敏C反应蛋白对感染的鉴别诊断应用

探讨重型颅脑损伤监测降钙素原和超敏C反应蛋白对感染的鉴别诊断应用。选择我院2015年1月至2016年1月所接诊的80例重型颅脑损伤患者,其中40例伴有肺部感染作为感染组,其余40例为未感染组,在感染当天检测降钙素原(PCT)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平,感染组患者给予相应的抗感染治疗后,根据患者感染情况进行分组,在感染后3 d、感染后7 d时分别对PCT、hs-CRP水平进行检测。在感染当天,感染组PCT、hs-CRP水平均比未感染组高((3.85±0.51)ng/m L比(0.53±0.15)ng/m L,(61.23±17.34)mg/L比(50.12±13.12)mg/L)(p0.05);在感染组患者中,24例患者感染好转,感染后3 d、感染后7 d时,PCT、hs-CRP水平均比确认感染当天得到降低(p0.05);另外16例患者感染持续,在感染后3 d、感染后7 d时,PCT、hs-CRP水平均发生持续性升高,与确认感染当天比较差异具有统计学意义(p0.05)。PCT和hs-CRP的检测在重型颅脑损伤并发肺部感染患者中具有较高的特异性敏感性,有利于临床评估。     

血清PCT、hs-CRP及PA在老年肺部感染患者中的临床诊断价值

探讨血清中PCT、hs-CRP及PA联合检测诊断老年肺部感染的临床价值。选取2015年1月至2017年1月本院收治的150例老年肺部感染患者,根据病情分为重症感染组70例和一般感染组80例,选取同期健康老年人80例作为对照组,通过检测各组老年人血清中降钙素原(PCT)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及前白蛋白(PA)水平,并采用ROC曲线分析这三种指标的联合检测对老年人肺部感染诊断的价值。结果显示,治疗前,重症感染组的PCT、hs-CRP水平明显高于一般感染组和对照组(p0.05),重症感染组的PA水平则明显低于一般感染组和对照组(p0.05);一般感染组的PCT、hs-CRP水平明显高于对照组(p0.05),一般感染组的PA水平则明显低于对照组(p0.05);治疗2周后,重症感染组的PCT、hs-CRP水平明显高于一般感染组和对照组(p0.05),重症感染组的PA水平显著低于一般感染组和对照组(p0.05)。根据ROC曲线分析,老年重症肺部感染组PCT、hs-CRP及PA的AUC分别为0.849、0.784和0.761,其中PCT的鉴别效果最好,当OOP为2.5 ng/m L时,对应的灵敏度为83.16%、特异度为87.41%。本研究表明老年肺部感染患者血清中PCT、hs-CRP是明显增高的,而PA水平则明显降低,联合检测血清中PCT、hs-CRP及PA的水平对于老年肺部感染患者的鉴别诊断具有一定的临床价值,其中PCT的诊断价值更高。     

血清降钙素原与C反应蛋白对感染性疾病的诊断价值分析

目的:探讨血清降钙素原与C反应蛋白对感染性疾病的诊断价值。方法:将我院收治的142例感染性疾病患者根据疾病种类分为细菌感染组以及病毒感染组,分别检测两组患者PCT、CRP水平。结果:细菌感染组患者CRP、PCT水平相对于病毒感染组患者均明显升高(P0.05)。细菌感染组患者CRP阳性率(71.8%)、PCT阳性率(93%)均明显高于病毒感染组患者40.8%、15.5%,差异对比存在统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:感染性疾病患者进行PCT检测的效果相对于CRP检测更为理想,可以将血清PCT作为临床诊断感染性疾病的重要标志物指标,为病毒感染以及细菌感染患者诊断提供重要的科学依据。     

降钙素原与C反应蛋白检测在新生儿感染中的临床意义

目的探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)在新生儿感染性疾病中的临床意义。方法 2015年1月至2015年6月期间,我院90例新生儿感染性疾病(35例重症感染伴全身症状、55例局部感染但无全身症状),根据细菌培养、血清学检验,将其分为细菌感染组(57例)、非细菌感染组(33例),并比较血清PCT、CRP水平,另选取同期30例非感染性疾病新生儿作为对照组研究对象。结果与对照组相比,重症感染组、局部感染组的血清CRP、PCT、白细胞计数水平明显升高(P0.05);与局部感染组相比,重症感染组血清CRP、PCT、白细胞计数水平明显升高(P0.05);与非细菌感染组相比,治疗前细菌感染组血清CRP、PCT浓度均明显升高(P0.05);与治疗前相比,治疗后细菌感染组血清CRP、PCT浓度明显降低(P0.05)。结论 CRP、PCT检测有利于新生儿感染性疾病的早期诊断及疗效评估,动态监测感染程度及控制情况。     

重症慢性阻塞性肺病急性发作期患者血清PCT, hs-CRP及D-D的表达及意义

目的:探究重症慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)急性发作期患者血清降钙素原(PCT)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和D-二聚体(D-D)的表达及意义。方法:选取2014年9月-2016年9月我院收治的146例COPD患者作为研究对象,其中73例COPD急性发作期(AECOPD)患者纳入急性期组,73例COPD缓解期患者纳入缓解期组,另选取同期来我院体检的40例健康者作为对照组。比较三组研究对象的血清PCT、hs-CRP和D-D水平,同时比较急性期组细菌感染与无细菌感染患者、不同肺功能分级的患者血清PCT、hs-CRP和D-D水平的差异。结果:急性期组与缓解期组患者的血清PCT、hs-CRP和D-D水平较对照组显著升高(P0.05),急性期组的血清PCT、hs-CRP和D-D水平较缓解期组显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。合并细菌感染组血清PCT、hs-CRP水平均显著高于无细菌感染组(P0.05),而D-D水平则无统计学差异(P0.05)。不同肺功能分级患者间的血清PCT、hs-CRP和D-D水平比较差异显著(P0.05),且肺功能分级越高水平越高(P0.05)。结论:AECOPD患者的血清PCT、hs-CRP和D-D水平均显著的升高,三者联合检测能够有效反映患者病情严重程度,并有利于诊断患者是否存在有细菌感染。     

降钙素原和白细胞对成人发热性疾病早期诊断的临床价值

目的探讨降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞(WBC)水平对急诊发热性疾病的早期诊断价值,分析PCT与急诊发热性疾病严重程度的相关性。方法选取155例急诊成人发热病例,分为细菌感染组91组(其中又分为脓毒症组30例,局部细菌感染组61例)和64例非细菌感染组。分别采用定量免疫荧光酶标法和散射免疫比浊法测定其血清中PCT和WBC水平。结果非细菌感染组的WBC水平明显低于细菌感染组中的脓毒症组及局部细菌感染组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01);细菌感染组中的脓毒症组WBC水平稍高于局部细菌感染组,但两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。细菌感染组的PCT水平明显高于非细菌感染组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);细菌感染组中的局部细菌感染组血清PCT水平和半定量分布与非细菌感染组比较无统计学意义(P0.05),而细菌感染组中的脓毒症组血清PCT水平和半定量分布与局部细菌感染组和非细菌感染组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论联合监测白细胞和降钙素原对发热病人的病因诊断和病情评估更有价值。     

PCT和CRP在感染性疾病诊断中的临床意义

目的:探讨PCT、CRP在感染性疾病诊断中的价值,评价两者与感染类型的相关性。方法:回顾性统计分析420例发热待查的患者血清PCT,血浆CRP浓度与感染的关系,采用胶体金法检测血清中PCT的浓度,免疫荧光比色法检测血浆中CRP浓度,血培养及血清学的方法检测感染是否存在及感染类型。结果:通过血培养或血清学鉴定出132例存在细菌感染(细菌组),病毒感染103例(病毒组),细菌病毒混合感染76例(混合感染组),109例阴性(非感染组)。PCT在细菌组水平最高(20.6±6.7)μg/L,非感染组水平最低(8.7±2.3)μg/L,四组间差异有统计学意义(F=34.69,P0.05)。CRP在混合组中水平最高(18.1±3.7)mg/L,在非感染组水平最低(5.8±1.7)mg/L,四组间差异有统计学意义(F=23.55,P0.05)。PCT对细菌感染检测的敏感度为92.7%,特异度为63.2%。PCT对病毒感染检测的敏感度为78.7%,特异性为46.0%。细菌感染组、病毒感染组和混合感染组血清CRP和PCT均呈正相关(P=0.000.05)。结论:细菌感染的PCT、CRP血清浓度明显高于病毒感染,两者对细菌感染患者的特异性均明显高于病毒感染,细菌感染PCT血清浓度较CRP变化敏感。     

超敏c反应蛋白与白细胞计数对早产儿细菌感染的临床诊断意义

目的探讨超敏c反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与白细胞计数(WBC)对早产儿细菌感染的临床诊断价值。方法选取2016年1月~2018年2月我院新生儿科收治的60例早产儿为研究对象,根据患儿有无发生细菌感染分为观察组(细菌性感染组)和对照组(非细菌性感染组),每组各30例,两组患儿均行hs-CRP、WBC检测,观察比较两组患儿的检测值与不同检测方法的阳性率情况。结果观察组的hs-CRP、WBC检测值均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而且观察组患儿的hs-CRP检测阳性率明显高于WBC,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与白细胞计数比较,超敏c反应蛋白在早产儿细菌感染中的诊断价值更高,值得临床推广。     

CD64指数与PCT、CRP联合检测在呼吸道感染疾病中的诊断价值

目的探讨中性粒细胞CD64指数、降钙素原(PCT)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)对呼吸道细菌感染性疾病的诊断价值。方法采集已确诊的40例呼吸道细菌性感染患者血样和40例呼吸道病毒性感染患者血样做为实验组,40例经体检合格的健康者做对照组。应用流式细胞术检测CD64指数、免疫荧光法检测PCT、免疫散射比浊法检测CRP,并对其结果进行比对分析,应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析三种指标在呼吸道细菌感染中的诊断价值。结果细菌感染组CD64指数、PCT、CRP指数均值均明显高于对照组(P0.05),病毒感染组只有CRP与对照组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。细菌感染组中CD64指数、PCT、CRP阳性率均高于对照组,分别为75.0%、72.5%、55.0%,病毒感染组只有CRP阳性率高于对照组。ROC曲线显示:CD64指数、PCT和CRP曲线下面积分别是0.859、0.793、0.675;灵敏度分别是90.0%、88.0%、83.0%;特异度分别82.0%、78.0%、74.0%。结论 CD64指数、PCT、CRP均可作为检测呼吸道细菌感染性疾病的指标。CD64敏感性和特异性最高,CRP敏感性与特异性最低。CD64指数、PCT和CRP联合检测可显著提高呼吸道感染性疾病的诊断灵敏度和特异度,对诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要意义。     

Prenatal and lactational transmission of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum: experimental infection of the bitch at midpregnancy and at parturition

The degree of prenatal transmission and both the degree and longevity of lactogenic transmission of Toxocara canis, and Ancylostoma caninum to pups were studied in Beagle bitches which were experimentally infected with both parasites at either mid-pregnancy or within 48 h following parturition. Pups born to infected bitches were removed at birth and raised by a surrogate parasite-free mother until 4 weeks of age when pups were necropsied to determine prenatal infections. At the beginning of each week of lactation, a new group of four parasite-free pups was placed with each infected bitch. After nursing an infected bitch for 1 week, each group was transferred to an uninfected bitch for at least 3 additional weeks of nursing after which the pups were necropsied to recover and tabulate parasites acquired lactationally from the infected bitch. When bitches were infected at mid-pregnancy, 95.5% of the ascarids were transmitted prenatally to their own off-spring and 4.5% of the asearids were transmitted lactationally to weekly rotated pups. Ascarids were transmitted via the milk during each of 5 weeks of lactation, with transmission of consistently higher numbers during weeks 1–3 than in weeks 4 and 5. Infection of bitches at parturition denied ascarids the prenatal route of transmission but resulted in greater numbers of ascarids being passed through the milk for each of 4 consecutive weeks of lactation. Transmission of hookworms was solely by the lactational route. With mid-pregnancy infections, a significantly higher number of hookworms (63.1 %) were transmitted during the first of 5 weeks of lactation; progressively fewer were passed in subsequent weeks. With infections at parturition, only 27.8% of hookworms were transmitted through the milk during the first week of nursing but large numbers were transferred in weeks 2 (36.9%) and 3 (26.7%). The quantity of parasites transmitted in the milk was not significantly different among weeks 1, 2 and 3.     

Prenatal and lactational transmission of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum: experimental infection of the bitch before pregnancy

Breeding of five parasite-free and five experimentally infected (6000 Toxocara canis eggs orally and 2500 Ancylostoma caninum larvae subcutaneously) beagle bitches was done so that pairs of bitches (1 uninfected, 1 infected) whelped simultaneously. Pups born to an infected bitch were removed at birth and nursed by the paired uninfected bitch until 4 weeks of age when pups were necropsied to determine the number of parasites they had acquired prenatally from their infected mother. Pups born to the parasite-free bitch were nursed by the infected bitch until necropsied at 4 weeks of age to determine the number of parasites passed via the lactational route. Of 680 ascarids transmitted to pups by either route, 98.5% were transmitted prenatally and 1.5% lactationally. Transmission of 2746 hookworms to 22 pups occurred solely by the lactational route; prenatal transmission of this parasite did not occur in any of the 25 pups born to infected bitches.     

Black-pigmented Gram-negative anaerobes in genito-urinary tract and pelvic infections

Abstract Black-pigmented Gram-negative anaerobes are part of the normal vaginal flora and contribute to a range of superficial and deep genital infections. Prevotella melaninogenica is found in moderate numbers (10⁴⁻⁶ cfu/g) in healthy women; the numbers and detection rates increase in anaerobic vaginosis (where it may be a significant contributor to changed microbial metabolic activity that gives the signs and symptoms of this condition) and in other vaginal infective conditions. Pr. melaninogenica is also part of the mixed flora in deep pelvic infections: endometritis, post-partum and post-abortal uterine infections; salpingitis and tubo-ovarian abscesses; PID and pelvic abscesses. Porphyromonas asaccharolytica is probably not a vaginal commensal, but may be isolated from patients with vaginal or pelvic disease. It is more specifically associated with superficial abscesses (e.g. Bartholin's abscess) and ulcers of the genitalia and perineum. P. asaccharolytica was the commonest species isolated from men with genital ulcers of various primary causes and ranging in severity from superficial balanitis/balanoposthitis to synergic gangrene.     

深部真菌感染调查及耐药性分析

目的了解住院患者真菌感染的临床特点及对药物的敏感情况。方法采用回顾性调查．对2002年8月至2005年8月住院病例中的真菌感染病例进行统计分析。结果3年间住院患者真菌感染536例,占检出病原菌的8．37％。引起深部感染的真菌以白色念珠菌为主,占39．37％;毛霉菌与曲霉菌的感染次之,分别达到16．79％和13．62％。呼吸内科、老年内科和ICU病房住院患者较易发生医院真菌感染。真菌感染的部位以呼吸道最高,其次为泌尿道。真菌对酮康唑、咪康唑和益康唑耐药率相对较高,对5一氟胞嘧啶、两性霉素B、制霉菌素相对敏感。结论医院深部真菌感染主要多发生于年老体弱、免疫功能低下、病情危重和长期使用抗生素的患者,已成为医院感染的主要因素之一。医院感染真菌的耐药性日趋严重,临床应用抗真菌药物尽量参考药敏试验结果。     

淡紫拟青霉所致皮肤及皮下感染:临床和实验研究

目的 报道国内首见淡紫拟青霉所致皮肤及皮下感染患者1例。方法 取患者皮损标本多次直接镜检,真菌培养,根据真菌培养的菌落特点和镜下形态、扫描电镜及DNA序列测定鉴定致病菌种,并对分离的致病菌进行体外药敏试验。结果 患者为6个月患儿,出生12d时面部出现粟粒大暗红丘疹,脓疱,并缓慢扩大。刮取脓疱直接镜检见无色细长分支菌丝。多次培养见灰紫色羊毛状菌落生长,光镜及电镜下可见无色细长分支、分隔菌丝、直立的分生孢子梗、顶端单轮生帚状支及大量柱状或分散柱状排列椭圆形、近球形小分生孢子。根据其菌落颜色及瓶梗形态等形态学特征鉴定为淡紫拟青霉,其rRNA基因DNA测序分析证实其表型分类。动物实验证实该菌的致病性,组织相中胶质性损害为其主要病理特征。体外药敏试验提示其对特比萘芬、酮康唑较敏感,对伊曲康唑、氟康唑敏感陛较差。结论 该病例被确定为淡紫拟青霉所致的皮肤及皮下感染,为国内首例。     

Molecular and in vitro Characterization of Field Isolates of Bovine Herpesvirus-1

Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is distributed worldwide and is a major pathogen in cattle, being the causal agent of a variety of clinical syndromes. The aim of this study was to isolate and to characterize (molecular and biological characterization) BoHV-1 from 29 immunosuppressed animals. It was possible to obtain 18 isolates, each from a different animal, such as from the respiratory and reproductive tracts. In some cases the cytopathic effect was visible 12 hours post-inoculation, and became characteristic after 36-48 hours. Biological characteristics were evaluated and compared with Iowa and Colorado-1 reference strains, and differences were found in plaque size, virus titer measured by TCID50 and PFU/mL, and one step virus curves. These results showed that some isolates had a highly virulent-like behavior in vitro, compared to the reference strains, with shorter eclipse periods, faster release of virus into the supernatants, and higher burst size and viral titer. There were no differences in glycoprotein expression of BoHV-1 isolates, measured by Western blot on monolayers. Moreover, using restriction endonucleases analysis, most of the viruses were confirmed as BoHV-1.1 and just one of them was confirmed as BoHV-1.2a subtype. These findings suggest that some wild-type BoHV-1 isolates could be useful as seeds to develop new monovalent vaccines.     

Molecular and <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> characterization of field isolates of bovine herpesvirus-1

Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is distributed worldwide and is a major pathogen in cattle,being the causal agent of a variety of clinical syndromes.The aim of this study was to isolate and to characteri...     

主要医院感染病原菌与社区感染株耐药性比较

目的比较主要医院感染(HAI)病原菌与社区感染(CAI)株的耐药性,指导合理使用抗菌药物。方法收集永康市第一人民医院2003年1月至2006年6月所有标本中分离的主要HAI菌及其CAI株,分别统计其药物敏感试验。采用美国Dade Behring Microscan Walkaway 40全自动细菌鉴定及药敏测试仪及其配套药敏鉴定板测定MIC值。全国医院感染监测网软件和χ2统计分析。结果主要HAI菌为前4种革兰阳性(G )菌依次是金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、屎肠球菌、溶血葡萄球菌,前5种革兰阴性(G-)菌依次是大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、阴沟肠杆菌。HAI株耐药率普遍高于CAI株,不同的细菌耐药率各具特点。不论HAI株还是CAI株,G 菌对万古霉素的耐药率最低,G-菌对亚胺培南的耐药率均较低,且两者耐药率差异均无显著性。金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌4种HAI株对大多数抗菌药物的耐药率明显高于CAI株,其余5种细菌HAI株仅对少数抗菌药物的耐药率高于CAI株。结论HAI菌株耐药性比CAI菌株强,临床应区分感染性质合理使用抗菌药物,有针对性控制感染,从而减少抗菌药物的滥用和细菌耐药性的产生。