Studies in African Cyperaceae 20. New taxa and combinations in Pycreus Beau v.

One new species, five new subspecies and one variety of the genus Pycreus , are described from East Africa, viz. Pycreus micromelas Lye, P. sanguinolenlus (Vahl) Nees ssp. nairobiensis Lye, P. longistolon Kükenthal ssp. airofusca Lye, P. lanceolatus (Poiret) C. B. Clarke ssp. ugandensis Lye, P. flavescens (L.) Reichenb. ssp. laevinux Lye, P. flavescens (L.) Reichenb. ssp. microglumis Lye, and P. flavescens (L.) Reichenb. var. castaneus Lye.
In addition eight new combinations are made, viz. P. alms (Turrill) Lye, P. af–rozonatus Lye, P. niger (Ruiz & Pavon) Cufod. ssp. elegantulus (Steudel) Lye, P. macrostachyos (Lam.) J. Raynal ssp. tremulus (Poiret) Lye, P. flavescens (L.) Reichenb. ssp.fallaciosus (Cherm.) Lye, P. flavescens (L.) Reichenb. ssp. intermedius (Steudel) Lye, and P. flavescens (L.) Reichenb. ssp. tanaënsis (Kükenthal) Lye.     

Studies in African Cyperaceae 26. New taxa and combinations in Abildgaardia Vahl III

Two new species and three new subspecies of Abildgaardia are described from East Africa, viz. Abildgaardia afroorientalis Lye, A. microcarpa Lye, A. hispidula (Vahl) Lye ssp. halophila Lye, A. hispidula (Vahl) Lye ssp. intermedia Lye, and A. densa (Wall.) Lye ssp. afromontana Lye. Thirteen new combinations are made, viz. A. erratica (Hook, f.) Lye, A. heterostachya (Cherm.) Lye, A. oligostachys (A. Rich.) Lye, A. striaiella (C. B. CI.) Lye, A. wallichiana (Schultes) Lye, A. hispidula (Vahl) Lye ssp. filiformis (C. B. CI.) Lye, A. hispidula (Vahl) Lye ssp. brachyphylla (Cherm.) Lye, A. hispidula (Vahl) Lye ssp. pyriformis (Lye) Lye, A. pusilla (A. Rich.) Lye ssp. yalingensis (Cherm.) Lye, A. pusilla (A. Rich.) Lye ssp. congolensis (De Wild.) Lye, A. coleotricha (A. Rich.) Lye var. miegii (Bodard) Lye, A. erratica (Hook, f.) Lye ssp. schoenoides (Kunth) Lye, and A. boeckeleriana (Schweinf.) Lye var. transiens (K. Schum.) Lye.     

Studies in African Cyperaceae 25. New taxa and combinations in Cyperus L.

Four new subgenera, nineteen new species, two new subspecies and two new varieties of Cyperus L. are described, viz. subgen. Aristomariscus Lye, subgen. Bulbomariscus Lye, subgen. Xerocyperus Lye, subgen. Micromariscus Lye, Cyperus micromariscus Lye, C. boreochrysocephalus Lye, C. crassivaginatus Lye, C. kyllingaeformis Lye, C. cremeomariscus Lye, C. gigantobulbes Lye, C. boreobellus Lye, C. longi–involucralus Lye, C. kwaleensis Lye, C. afrovaricus Lye, C. afrodunensis Lye, C flavoculmis Lye, C microumbellatus Lye, C. purpureoviridis Lye, C. graciliculmis Lye, C. afromon–tanus Lye, C. nyererei Lye, C. afroalpinus Lye, C castaneobellus Lye, C. soyauxii Boeck. ssp. pallescens Lye, C. usitatus Burch. ssp. palmatus Lye, C. renschii Boeck. var. scabridus Lye, and C. fischerianus A. Rich. var. ugandensis Lye. The following new combinations are made: Cyperus L. subgen. Bulbocaulis (C.B.C1.) Lye, Cyperus L. subgen. Courtoisia (Nees) Lye, Cyperus L. subgen. Sorostachys (Steudel) Lye, Cyperus L. subgen. Remirea (Aublet) Lye, Cyperus L. subgen. Alinula (Raynal) Lye, Cyperus lipocarphoides (Kükenth.) Lye, C. malawicus (Raynal) Lye, C. tanganyica–nus (Kiikenth.) Lye, C. mortonii (Hooper) Lye, C. pseudodiaphanus (Hooper) Lye, C. overlaetii (Hooper & Raynal) Lye, C. dewildeorum (Raynal) Lye, C. pagotii (Raynal) Lye, C. demangei (Raynal) Lye, C. afroechinatus Lye, C. niveus Retz. var. ledermannii (Kiikenth.) Lye, C. niveus Retz. var. tisserantii (Cherm.) Lye, C. distans L.f. ssp. longibracteatus (Cherm.) Lye, C. distans L.f. ssp. longibracteatus (Cherm.) Lye, var. rubrotinctus (Cherm.) Lye, C. cyperoides (L.) Kuntze ssp. alternifolius (Vahl) Lye, C. cyperoides (L.) Kuntze ssp. macrocarpus (Kunth) Lye, C. cyperoides (L.) Kuntze ssp. pseudoflavus (Clarke) Lye, C. dubius Rottb. ssp. macrocephalus (Kiikenth.) Lye, C. dubius Rottb. ssp. coloratus (Vahl) Lye, C. usitatus Burch. var. stuhlmannii (Clarke) Lye, C. laxus Lam. ssp. sylvestris (Ridley) Lye, and C. laxus Lam. ssp. buchholzii (Boeck.) Lye and C. globifer (Clarke) Lye.     

Studies in African Cyperaceae 24. New taxa and combinations in Ascolepis and Isolepis

One new species, three new subspecies and two new varieties of Ascolepis Steudel and one new species of Isolepis R. Br. are described from East Africa, viz. Ascolepis lineariglumis Lye, A. lineariglumis Lye var. pulcherrima Lye, A. protea Welw. ssp. rhizomatosa Lye, A. protea Welw. ssp. atropurpurea Lye, A. protea Welw. ssp. chrysocephala Lye, A. pusilla Ridley var. microcuspis Lye, and Isolepis keniaensis Lye. Two new combinations are made, viz. Ascolepis protea Welw. ssp. anthemiflora (Welw.) Lye and A. protea Welw. ssp. bellidiflora (Welw.) Lye.     

Studies in African Cyperaceae 21. New taxa and combinations in Kyllinga Rottb.

Eight new species, one new subspecies and one new variety of Kyllinga are described from tropical Africa, viz. Kyllinga brunneoalba Lye, K. afropumila Lye, K, albogracilis Lye, K. aureovillosa Lye, K. alba–purpurea Lye, K. rhizomafragilis Lye, K. microbracleata Lye, K. afro–occidentalis Lye, K. erecta Schumacher ssp. albescens Lye, and K. melanosperma Nees var. hexalata Lye. In addition nine new combinations are made, viz. Kyllinga peteri (Kükenthal) Lye, K. bigibbosa (Fosberg) Lye, K. odorata Vahl ssp. appendiculata (K. Schum.) Lye, K. alba Nees ssp. ascolepidioides (H. Cherm.) Lye, K. nervosa Steudel ssp.flava (C.B.C1.) Lye, K. melanosperma Nees ssp. elata (Steudel) Lye, K. brevifolia Rottb. ssp. lurida (Kükenthal) Lye, K. bre–vifolia Rottb. ssp. intricata (H. Cherm.) Lye, and K. comosipes (Mattf. & Kükenthal) Agnew & Hanid ssp. decolorans (Kükenthal) Lye.     

Studies in African Cyperaceae 22. New taxa and combinations in Abildgaardia Vahl II

Nine new species and one new variety of Abildgaardia are described and illustrated from East Africa, viz. Abildgaardia macrostachya Lye, A. rhizomatosa Lye, A. cru–ciformis Lye, A. pallescens Lye, A. tanzaniae Lye, A. densecaespitosa Lye, A. trabecular (C. B. Clarke) Lye var. microglumis Lye, A. elegantissima Lye, A. subumbel–lata Lye and A microelegans Lye. In addition sixteen new combinations are made: Abildgaardia Vahl subgen. Bulbostylis (Kunth ex C. B. Clarke) Lye, A collina (Ridley) Lye, A. festucoides (Poiret) Lye, A lanifera (Boeck.) Lye, A leiolepis (Kükenthal) Lye, A. megasiachys (Ridley) Lye, A paradoxa (Sprengel) Lye, A parva (Ridley) Lye, A parvinux (C. B. Clarke) Lye, A rotundata (Kukenthal) Lye, A schlech–teri (C.B. Clarke) Lye, A trabeculata (C. B. Clarke) Lye, A trichobasis (Baker) Lye, A vanderystii (Cherm.) Lye, A willdenowii (Kunth) Lye and A. yalingensis (Cherm.) Lye.     

Studies in African Cyperaceae 23. New taxa and combinations in Fimbristylis Vahl II

Two new subspecies, Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl ssp. pallescens Lye and F. miliacea (L.) Vahl ssp. macroglumis Lye, are described and illustrated from East Africa. In addition two new combinations are made, viz. F. complanata (Retzius) Link ssp. keniaeensis (Kükenthal) Lye and F. ferruginea (L.) Vahl ssp. sieberiana (Kunth) Lye.     

A revision of Tecoma Juss. (Bignoniaceae) in Bolivia

A revision of the genus Tecoma in Bolivia based on the author's herbarium research and extensive field observations is presented. Species delimitation is re-evaluated, resulting in the recognition of only four species, one of which, T. beckii J. R. I. Wood, is described as new. Tecoma sambucifolia is treated as var. sambucifolia (Kunth) J. R. I. Wood of the widespread and variable T. stans (L.) Juss., as it can only be distinguished on the basis of minor morphological characters and is not as geographically restricted as has been supposed. Tecoma fulva (Cav.) D. Don is treated as a variable species extending from central Peru to Chile and northern Argentina with six subspecies: ssp. fulva , ssp. guarume (A. DC.) J. R. I. Wood, ssp. tanaeciiflora (Kränzlin) J. R. I. Wood, ssp. arequipensis (Sprague) J. R. I. Wood, ssp. garrocha (Hieron.) J. R. I. Wood, and ssp. altoandina J. R. I. Wood, the latter described as new. The differences between T. tenuiflora (A. DC.) Fabris and the Peruvian T. rosifolia Kunth are discussed. Hybrids are formally recognized in the genus for the first time, and the implications for the accepted corolla morphology and pollination syndromes are discussed. Maps illustrate the geographical distributions of the species. All taxa discussed in the paper are illustrated.  © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 156 , 143–172.     

Taxonomic studies in the Fuirena pubescens complex (Cyperaceae) in Kenya

Muasya. A. M. & Baauar, S. R. 1995. Taxonomic studies in the Fuirena pubescens complex (Cyperaceae) in Kenya. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 407–410. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.
Three taxa in the Fuirena pubescens complex were investigated morphologically, palynologically, and cytologically in order to determine their taxonomic identity and appropriate rank. The taxa differ in both morphology and chromosome number. The three former varieties, F. pubescens var. pubescens , var. major , and var. buchananii , are here recognised as distinct species, with var. major and var. buchananii being reinstated as F. pachyrrhiza and F. welwitschii , respectively. Fuirena pubescens and F. pachyrrhiza have terete spikelets and leaf blades more than 5 mm wide, but the former has a meiotic chromosome number of n=21 and white entire nutlets, while the latter has a chromosome number of n=24 and dark-greenish tuberculate nutlets. Fuirena welwitschii is distinguished by having a 5-angular spikelets, chromosome number n=40, and brownish tuberculate nutlets.     

湖南的新记录植物(五)

报道了湖南植物分布新记录,其中新记录种10个,即短茎淫羊藿(Epimedium brachyrrhizum Steam)、婺源凤仙花(Impatiens wuyuanensis Y.L．Chen)、滑叶猕猴桃(Actinidia laevissima C．F．Liang)、江浙狗舌草(Tephroseris pierotii(Miq．)Holub)、卵叶韭菜(Allium ovalifolium Hand．-Mzt．)、细花虾脊兰(Calanthe mannii Hook．f．)、银带虾脊兰(Calanthe argenteo-striata C．Z．Tang et S．J．Cheng)、乐昌虾脊兰(Calanthe lechangensis Z．H．Tsi et T．Tang)、大花羊耳蒜(Liparis distans C．B．Clarke)和牛虱草(Eragrostis unioloides(Retz．)Nees ex Steud．);新记录变种1个,即多裂荷青花(Hylomecon japonica vat．dissecta(Franch．et Savat．)Fedde)。     

The acaulescent and succulent species of Dorstenia sect. Kosaria (Moraceae) from NE tropical Africa and Arabia

The acaulescent and succulent species of Dorstenia sect. Kosaria in NE tropical Africa include the well defined D. ellenbeckiana and the two polymorphic taxa, the D. barnimiana complex and the D. foetida complex. The D. barnimiana complex is treated as two species, D. barnimiana Schweinf. and D. tropaeolifolia (Schweinf.) Bureau. One specific name and four varietal names are reduced to synonymy. The D. foetida complex is treated as one species, D. foetida (Forssk.) Schweinf., with two subspecies, ssp. foetida and ssp. lancifolia (Rendle) Friis comb, nov., of which the former is further divided into var. foetida and var. obovata (A. Rich.) Schweinf. & Engl. Three species arc reduced to synonymy of D. foetida. The distribution of all the species is mapped.     

Taxonomy of the Carex flava complex (Cyperaceae) in Finland

The morphological variation in the Carex flava complex (sect. Ceratocystis ) in Finland, particularly taxa described by Alvar Palmgren as endemic to northern Europe, was studied using numerical analyses. Discriminant analyses were used to maximize the separation of the taxa. However, the separation of the taxa described by Palmgren was weak. The taxonomic treatment of the C. flava complex in Finland based on morphology, ecology, distribution and hybridization of the taxa is presented. Four species are recognized: Carex flava (the lectotype is selected here), C. lepidocarpa, C. demissa and C. viridula. C. lepidocarpa includes ssp. lepidocarpa and ssp. jemtlandica . In the polymorphic C. viridula , three taxa are recognized: var. viridula , var. bergrothii and var. pulchella . A key to the taxa is presented. The distribution of the taxa in Finland is presented, and their ecology is briefly discussed.     

中国葡萄属（Vitis L.)的系统研究

对中国葡萄属（Ｖｉｔｉｓ Ｌ．）的系统学进行处理。中国葡萄属共分４２种１亚种１２变种,归属于１亚属５组４系。文中命名了３新组（小叶葡萄组、秋葡萄组和武汉葡萄组）、２新等级及组合组（毛葡萄组和河岸葡萄组）、３新系（密柔毛系、复叶系、刺状毛系）、１新变种（伏牛山葡萄）和１新组合变种（小叶葛Ｌａｉ）。     

Melosira distans var. tenella and Eunotia zasuminensis, two poorly known planktonic diatoms in Finnish lakes

The occurrence and ecology of two poorly known planktonic diatoms, Melosira distans var. tenella (Nyg.) M.-B. Florin and Eunotia zasuminensis (Cabejsz.) Körner in central Finland is discussed. Both species have their maximum in late summer when water temperature is > 15°C and they prefer slightly acid water (pH < 7), low conductivity (less than 4 mS/m) and a moderate degree of dystrophy with C.O.D. 10–20 mg O₂/l and water colour 60–120 mg Pt/1. Melosira distans var. tenella was found in ca. 80% of the central Finnish lakes studied, but it is not reported in previously published papers. Eunotia zasuminensis is rarer, but is, however, recorded in at least 22 lakes in central Finland.     

Partitioning of the space in tussocks of the sedge, Carex distorts, during winter, by a spider community

In the flat parts of a coastal plain on the Dutch Wadden island of Schiermonnikoog, the entire spider fauna aggregates in plant tussocks ( Carex distans L.) at the onset of winter. Spiders are known predators of other spiders, therefore we expected an avoidance of predation by spatial separation of the species. The sedge tussocks were divided into several zones, each of which was sampled for spiders. Spatial separation on a macroscale (between tussocks) as well as on a microscale (inside tussocks) was demonstrated.     

Chemical composition studies on some aquatic macrophytes in three scottish lochs. II. Potassium,sodium, calcium,magnesium and iron

The potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and iron levels in seven species of freshwater macrophytes (Juncus effusus L., Iris pseudacorus L., Carex rostrata Stokes, Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmberg, Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm., Polygonum amphibium L. and Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Pallas) in three Scottish lochs of different trophic levels were studied during 1975 and the results obtained were compared with similar studies in other areas.     

Studies in African Cyperaceae 19. The genera Anosporum Nees and Sorostachys Steudel

The two genera Anosporum Nees and Sorostachys Steudel, both with a congested inflorescence and an eucyperoid culm– and leaf–anatomy, are reestablished. They have previously been placed in Cyperus s.l. Anosporum contains three distinct species, two of which are found in Africa. Sorostachys contains two species, one of which is found in Africa. Three new combinations are made, viz. Anosporum pec–tinatus (Vahl) K. Lye, Sorostachys pulchellus (R.Br.) K. Lye, and S. leucocephalus (Retz.) K. Lye.     

Patterns of allozyme and morphological differentiation in the Carex flava complex (Cyperaceae) in Fennoscandiaxs

Allozyme and morphological differentiation patterns within the Carex flava complex in Fennoscandia were described by means of multivariate analyses. As a result of these studies, and considering also data on ecology, distribution and hybridization, the following taxa were recognized: C. flava with no infraspecific taxa, C. lepidocarpa with two subspecies, ssp. lepidocarpa and ssp. jemtlandica, C. demissa with no infraspecific taxa, and C. oederi with three varieties, var. oederi , var. bergrothii , and var. pulchella. Carex lepidocarpa ssp. jemtlandica was allozymically divergent from ssp. lepidocarpa , indicating a long period of isolation of the two subspecies. A poor morphological separation in some localities is apparently due to secondary contacts in connection with recolonization of Fennoscandia after the last ice age, resulting in the formation of fertile hybrids and back-crosses. The subdivision of C. oederi into three varieties is supported by ecological data and it is suggested that they have originated by parallel ecotype formation under similar selective regimes in different areas. However, the varietal limits are not supported by differentiation in neutral (allozyme) characters. A phylogenetic hypothesis was constructed by means of neighbour-joining based allozyme data and it was indicated that C. demissa may be more closely related to C. lepidocarpa than to C. oederi. Previous treatments that have reduced the C. flava complex to one or two species may have been based on inappropriate species concepts, too coarse methods of analysis of morphological data, ignorance of patterns of co-occurrence and hybridization, or a combination of these factors.     

Notes on some Asian Bauhinia

Further studies of material from particularly China and the Malay Peninsula has thrown new light on the variability of some little known taxa of Bauhinia. This has led to the reduction of B. kwangtungensis Merr. to B. japonica Maxim. A new species, B. andersonü K. & S. S. Larsen has been described from the limestone hills of northern Malaysia. The following new combinations are published: B. integrifolia Roxb. ssp. cumingiana (Benth.) K. & S. S. Larsen, B. excelsa var, aurora (de Wit) K. & S. S. Larsen, and B. excelsa var. megalantha (Merr.) K. & S. S. Larsen.     

Floristic notes from the mountains of Northern Greece Materials for the Mountain Flora of Greece, 7

The authors present an annotated list of rare or otherwise interesting vascular plants collected in the mountains of northern Greece by themselves in 1979 and by Strid and Georgiadou in 1977. The following are apparently new to Greece: Thesium linophyllon L. ssp. montanum (Ehrh. ex. Hoffm.) Čelak., Moehringia pendulo (Waldst. & Kit.) Fenzl, Gypsophila glomerata Pallas ex. Bieb., Dianthus peiraeus Waldst. & Kit. ssp. noeanus (Boiss.) Tutin, Dianthus superbus L., Ranunculus fon–tanus C. Presl, Thlaspi arvense L., Potentilla apennina Ten. ssp. stoianovii Urum. & Jav., Trifolium badium Schreber, Rhamnus pumila Turra, Viola palustris L., Athamanta albanica Alston & Sandwith, Peucedanum oligophyllum ssp. aequiradium (Vandas) Tutin, Vaccinium gaultherioides Bigelow, Galeopsis speciosa Miller, G. bifida Boenn., Melampyrum sylvaticum L., Odontites lutea (L.) Clairv., Sambucus racemosa L., Symphyandra wanneri (Rochel) Heuffel, Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Achillea distans Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., Centaurea grbavacensis (Rohlena) Stoj. & Acht., C. indurata Janka, Lactuca aurea (Schultz Bip. ex PanČić) Stebbins, Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill., F. pirinica Horvat ex Markgr.–Dannenb., Sparganium minimum (Hartm.) Fries, and Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl.