褐家鼠不同脏器中汉坦病毒自然感染的差异

为了解野外褐家鼠不同脏器中自然感染汉坦病毒状况和带毒量的差异,选取经检测鼠肺组织中HV-RNA并呈阳性的鼠个体20只,采用巢式RT-PCR检测这些个体心、肝、肺、脾和肾5种共85份脏器中的HV,对阳性标本重复扩增后直接测序,用DNASTAR软件对获得序列进行比较分析.另外,针对汉城型汉坦病毒株Z37-M片段全序列设计定量PCR特异性引物,采用SYBR Green实时定量PCR法,检测上述85份不同脏器中HV带毒量情况与相对差异.结果显示RT-PCR对除肺脏之外的其它脏器中HV-RNA的检出率较低(11/65),不同个体肺组织来源的HV-M片段变异较多,其中A→G碱基变异类型占1/3强.从11份除肺之外的脏器中扩增到的HV-M基因序列和其对应同一褐家鼠个体肺脏HV-M片段相比,其碱基差异不大;一肺脏来源的与该个体其他脏器来源的HV-M片段两个位点存在A→G差异,并分别导致两位置氨基酸差异.定量检测结果显示褐家鼠不同脏器中HV-RNA检出率差异有统计学意义(x2=16.10,P=0.003),总体阳性率大小为肺＞肝＞肾＞心＞脾;肺脏中病毒的分布比其他脏器更为普遍.带毒量也以肺脏中最高,其它脏器之间HV带毒量没有显著性差异(x2=8.79,P=0.088).这些结果说明褐家鼠肺脏是HV侵犯与贮存的主要靶器官,HV基因在该器官中可能更易发生变异.这对进一步了解HV在宿主体内的贮存规律、传播及其在流行病学上的意义将有所裨益.     

不同品种猪HSL基因5'-UTR和外显子Ⅰ片段的克隆测序及多态性分析

激素敏感脂肪酶(Hormone-sensitive lipase,HSL)是负责分解脂肪组织中甘油三酯释放游离脂肪酸的关键和限速酶,也是影响动物脂肪沉积的关键酶.将HSL基因作为影响猪脂肪代谢和沉积相关性状的候选基因,对不同品种猪HSL基因5’-UTR和外显子Ⅰ片段进行了克隆测序并开展多态性与性状间的关系研究.序列比较发现,在测定的HSL基因靠近起始密码子(ATG)的419 bp中,杜洛克、梅山猪、大白猪和平序列完全一致,与长白猪序列比较,在-13～-12 bp位置存在GC→CG的碱基变异;梅山猪(3个体)、通城猪(3个体)、长白猪(3个体)、大白猪(3个体)HSL基因外显子Ⅰ的442 bp位置有G→A碱基间的变异,G→A的转换改变了限制性内切酶BsaHⅠ酶识别位点,且导致了编码氨基酸Val→Ile的替换.经PCR-RFLP分析,HSL基因外显子Ⅰ BsaHⅠ位点多态性有AA、AG和GG 3种基因型.”大白×梅山”F2代资源家系BsaHⅠ点不同基因型个体背膘厚、肌内脂肪等性状协方差统计分析发现,AG基因型和GG基因型在眼肌面积上存在显著差异.     

中国胭脂鱼线粒体控制区遗传多样性分析

利用PCR技术扩增了采自长江宜昌江段和清江的8尾中国胭脂鱼线粒体DNA控制区全序列,研究发现该种具有脊椎动物线粒体控制区的一般结构,在获得的958bp的碱基序列中,共检测出32个多态性核苷酸变异位点,多态位点比例为0.033。核苷酸的变异位点除一个为缺失外,其余全部为碱基转换。变异位点主要集中在55-365bp高变异区,而其他区域突变稀少,个体的变异在0-1.36%之间,表现出较大的个体多态性差异。中国胭脂鱼的线粒体控制区的变异远大于美国胭脂鱼（Moxostoma robustum)的0.016。     

不同产区太子参的rDNA ITS区序列的比较

使用1对引物18SPl和26SP2对采自14个产区的太子参[Pseudostellaria heterophylla(Miq．)Pax ex Pax et Hoffm．]进行ITS基因的PCR扩增和测序。序列分析结果表明,14个产区太子参的ITSl片段长度为219—222bp,ITS2片段长度为235～236bp,5．8S片段长度为155—157bp.除江苏宜兴,江苏句容马梗,江苏南京老鹰山和江苏溧阳等4个产区的ITS序列碱基完全一致外,其他10个产区的ITS序列则有不同的变异,碱基变异数目(包括5．8S编码区)为1—17个。使用UPGMA法重建系统发生树,从分子生物学角度说明了它们的变异程度,为利用ITS区序列的差异鉴别不同产区的太子参提供了依据。     

乙脑病毒持续感染株preM区序列分析

为了研究乙型脑炎病毒持续感染株preM区域基因序列变异及其意义,我们将两种乙脑病毒野生株(JaGAr-01株和Nakayama株)分别感染人肝癌KN73细胞,经过多次细胞传代后建立乙脑病毒持续感染模型,收集感染细胞经反复冻融获取变异病毒.利用preM区特异引物进行RT-PCR法得到两种病毒的preM区基因片段,应用基因测序反应进行序列分析,并对两种病毒株preM区序列进行比较.preM区基因测序结果显示,与JaGAr-01野生株比较,JaGAr-01持续感染变异株(JaG-per)有1个核苷酸上碱基发生变异(第26位U→G)并导致相应氨基酸发生置换(第9位亮氨酸→精氨酸);Nakayama持续感染变异株(Nak-per)与其野生株相比则有11个核苷酸上碱基存在差异(第26位U→G,第37位G→A,第39位C→U,第45位U→C,第51位U→C,第99位U→C,第126位U→C,第165位C→U,第189位C→U,第195位C→U,第198位U→C),但仅有其中第26位、第37位、第39位的碱基变异引起相应编码的氨基酸发生置换(第9位亮氨酸→精氨酸及第13位缬氨酸→异亮氨酸).对比还发现变异后的JaGAr-01持续感染株与Nakayama持续感染株的基因序列相同.认为乙脑病毒持续感染变异株preM区存在基因变异,这种变异可能与该区参与病毒持续感染及维持病毒生物学特性有关.     

乙脑病毒持续感染株preM区序列分析

为了研究乙型脑炎病毒持续感染株preM区域基因序列变异及其意义,我们将两种乙脑病毒野生株(JaGAr-01株和Nakayama株)分别感染人肝癌KN73细胞,经过多次细胞传代后建立乙脑病毒持续感染模型,收集感染细胞经反复冻融获取变异病毒。利用preM区特异引物进行RT-PCR法得到两种病毒的preM区基因片段,应用基因测序反应进行序列分析,并对两种病毒株preM区序列进行比较。preM区基因测序结果显示,与JaGAr-01野生株比较,JaGAr-01持续感染变异株(JaG-per)有1个核苷酸上碱基发生变异(第26位U→G)并导致相应氨基酸发生置换(第9位亮氨酸→精氨酸);Nakayama持续感染变异株(Nak-per)与其野生株相比则有11个核苷酸上碱基存在差异(第26位U→G,第37位G→A,第39位C→U,第45位U→C,第51位U→C,第99位U→C,第126位U→C,第165位C→U,第189位C→U,第195位C→U,第198位U→C),但仅有其中第26位、第37位、第39位的碱基变异引起相应编码的氨基酸发生置换(第9位亮氨酸→精氨酸及第13位缬氨酸→异亮氨酸)。对比还发现变异后的JaGAr-01持续感染株与Nakayama持续感染株的基因序列相同。认为乙脑病毒持续感染变异株preM区存在基因变异,这种变异可能与该区参与病毒持续感染及维持病毒生物学特性有关。     

不同品种猪HSL基因5′-UTR和外显子Ⅰ片段的克隆测序及多态性分析

激素敏感脂肪酶(Hormone sensitivelipase,HSL)是负责分解脂肪组织中甘油三酯释放游离脂肪酸的关键和限速酶,也是影响动物脂肪沉积的关键酶。将HSL基因作为影响猪脂肪代谢和沉积相关性状的候选基因,对不同品种猪HSL基因 5′ UTR和外显子Ⅰ片段进行了克隆测序并开展多态性与性状间的关系研究。序列比较发现,在测定的HSL基因靠近起始密码子(ATG)的 419bp中,杜洛克、梅山猪、大白猪和清平猪序列完全一致,与长白猪序列比较,在-13 ~-12bp位置存在GC→CG的碱基变异;梅山猪(3个体)、通城猪(3个体 )、长白猪 (3个体 )、大白猪(3个体)HSL基因外显子Ⅰ的 442bp位置有G→A碱基间的变异,G→A的转换改变了限制性内切酶BsaHⅠ酶识别位点,且导致了编码氨基酸Val→Ile的替换。经PCR RFLP分析,HSL基因外显子ⅠBsaHⅠ位点多态性有AA、AG和GG 3种基因型。“大白×梅山”F2 代资源家系猪BsaHⅠ位点不同基因型个体背膘厚、肌内脂肪等性状协方差统计分析发现,AG基因型和GG基因型在眼肌面积上存在显著差异。     

中国西藏近缘野生大麦5S rDNA NTS序列分析

选取来自西藏不同地理区域的17份近缘野生大麦材料和1份国外的近缘野生大麦材料,利用直接PCR、T-载体转化克隆、克隆产物测序的方法获得了它们的5S核糖体DNANTS（Nontranscribed intergenic spacer）序列。对这些序列进行测定、分析和比较,构建了分子系统树。结果表明,西藏近缘野生大麦NTS序列包括两段相对保守的保守区A和保守区B以及一段变异较大的变异区V,变异区由若干个TAG碱基的重复序列构成。两段保守区总长度为168～169bp,长度变异较小,仅相差1bp。保守区的GC％含量为43．8％,其中有12个核甘酸位点发生变异（占总核甘酸数目的7．1％）,变异位点基本上是颠换多于转换,颠换／转换率为1．0～2．0。变异区中TAG重复序列的重复次数从4到17次,而且有部分TAG重复发生了颠换和转换（TAG→TCG,TAG→TAC）。TAG重复序列的多态性是决定NTS序列多态性的主要因素。对西藏近缘野生大麦和麦属其他作物的比较,认为rDNA NTS适合作为属内分类的分子标记。     

皖南地区丙型肝炎病毒治疗前后HVR1区碱基变异数量的研究

目的研究皖南地区丙型肝炎病毒治疗前后高变区1(HVR1)碱基变异数量与病情变化和治疗效果之间是否具有相关性。方法应用速率法和荧光定量PCR法,检测皖南地区141例慢性丙型肝炎患者血清ALT水平和HCV RNA的载量。应用RT-PCR法进行HCV基因型和治疗前后的HVR1区域序列的检测。结果 141例患者的血清ALT与HCV RNA两指标间采用Spearman等级相关分析显示,rs=0.213,P=0.011,差异具有统计学意义,存在正相关。通过HCV基因1型、2型和未分型3组的HVR1碱基变异数量的单因素方差分析,显示组与组之间差异具有统计学意义。结论慢性丙型肝炎患者治疗前后的HVR1序列碱基变异数量的分析,对治疗效果、病情变化及预后发展等方面的评估具有重要的指导意义。     

四川省部分疫区流行性出血热病原学及流行病学研究

本文报道四川省流行性出血热(EHF)疫医鼠类带毒调查、病毒分离鉴定及抗原性分析结果,由7份EHF抗原阳性鼠肺标本及9份急性期患者血清中各分离到EHF病毒5株。由鼠类分离的5株病毒包括褐家鼠2株,黄胸鼠1株,四川短尾(鼠勾)鼱1株以及中麝(鼠勾)1株。经IFA、ELISA及单克隆抗体的抗原测定,证明所有毒株均属野鼠型、抗原性与76—118株及A_9株接近,但由短尾(鼠勾)及中麝(鼠勾)分离的毒株的抗原性有明显差异。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.